scholarly journals THE EXPRESSION OF THE CONCEPT OF POSSESSION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE BY MEANS OF THE ABSOLUTE FORM OF THE GENITIVE CASE AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN THE AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE

Author(s):  
Z.M. Akhmedova ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
M. A. Salkova ◽  
O. A. Machina

The article focuses on the construction N’s + N known as the genitive case structure. Analysis of the data retrieved from two English Language corpora (the BNC and COCA) has demonstrated that the N’s + N structure as a typical grammatical feature of modern mass media discourse realizes certain communicative and discursive properties that constitute the core of this mixed morphological-and-syntactic phenomenon. Thanks to its anthropocentric character, the structure also possesses some functional capacities that make a valuable and indispensable contribution to the organization of meaning in mass media texts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-523
Author(s):  
Joshua Bousquette

The present work examines nominal case marking in Wisconsin Heritage German, based on audio recordings of six speakers made in the late 1940s. Linguistic data provide positive evidence for a four-case nominal system characteristic of Standard German. At the same time, biographical and demographic information show that the heritage varieties acquired and spoken in the home often employed a different nominal system, one that often exhibited dative-accusative case syncretism and lacked genitive case—features that surfaced even when Standard German was spoken. These data strongly suggest that speakers were proficient in both their heritage variety of German, acquired through naturalistic means, as well as in Standard German, acquired through institutional support in educational and religious domains. Over time, these formal German-language domains shifted to externally oriented, English-language institutions. Standard German was no longer supported, while the heritage variety was retained in domestic and social domains. Subsequent case syncretism in Wisconsin Heritage German therefore reflects the retention of preimmigration, nonstandard varieties, rather than a morphological change in a unified heritage grammar. This work concludes by proposing a multistage model of domain-specific language shift, informed by both synchronic variation within the community as well as by social factors affecting language shift over time.


Author(s):  
T.L.S. Sprigge

The expression ‘the Absolute’ stands for that (supposed) unconditioned reality which is either the spiritual ground of all being or the whole of things considered as a spiritual unity. This use derives especially from F.W.J. Schelling and G.W.F. Hegel, prefigured by J.G. Fichte’s talk of an absolute self which lives its life through all finite persons. In English-language philosophy it is associated with the monistic idealism of such thinkers as F.H. Bradley and Josiah Royce, the first distinguishing the Absolute from God, the second identifying them.


PMLA ◽  
1893 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hunter Ross

There is much divergence of opinion among scholars as to the naming of the main periods of the English language, and hardly any two agree in regard to the limits of each period. But in treating of the absolute participle, an arbitrary division must be made according to the occurrence and development of this form in the language. The following division into three periods will therefore serve our purpose:Anglo-Saxon—to 1150;Middle English—1150 to 1500;Modern English—1500 to the present.


Author(s):  
Stegnitska L.V.

Мета пропонованого дослідження – розглянути генетивні конструкції англійського медичного терміна-епоніма з огляду на дворівневу систему відмінків.Методи. У роботі використано такі методи лінгвістичного аналізу:порівняльно-історичний (щобпрослідкувати еволюцію родового відмінка в англійській мові); структурний (для виявлення відношень між елементами англійських медичних термі-нів-епонімів); описовий (уможливив інтерпретацію генетивних конструкцій англійських медичних термінів-епонімів та їхніх присвійних формантів на сучасному етапі розвитку англійської мови).Результати. Морфологічні зміни, які відбулися в середньоанглійський період, призвели до того, що всі відмінки, окрім родо-вого, асимілювали свої закінчення в називний. Таким чином, англійська мова втратила свою систему відмінків, залишивши для іменників тільки загальний, тобто common case, та родовий, який здебільшого співвідноситься із присвійним, так званим posses-sive case. Така дворівнева граматична модель зумовила те, що родовий відмінок досить складно ідентифікувати через численні інтерпретації, а саме родові відношення можуть позначати приналежність, походження, опис, вимірювання, виконувати атри-бутивну роль тощо. Якщо загальний відмінок виражається за допомогою порядку слів, то, у свою чергу, родовий відмінок має синтаксичний і морфологічний способи творення.Висновки. В англійській медичній термінології термін-епонім – це субстантиноване словосполучення, пропріативний ком-понент якого відображає категорію родового відмінка. Генетивні конструкції щодо пропріативного компонента терміна-епоні-ма англійської медичної термінології мають такі форми вираження: 1) за допомогою присвійного форманта, а саме апострофта ’s, як от Wells’ syndrome чи Kahler’s disease; 2) прийменників, як от paracusis of Willis чи osteodysplasty of Melnick and Needles;3) за допомогою флексій -ian/-ic, як от Pickwickian syndrome, Hippocratic nails чи класичної латинізованої форми родового від-мінка однини, i.e. torcular Herophili. З огляду на зростаючу тенденцію відмови від апострофа категорія присвійного відмінка зі значенням приналежності поступово зникає, а такі способи його вираження, як апостроф, флексії та прийменники, призводять до того, що пропріативний компонент виконує роль атрибутивного модифікатора, нівелюючи посесивну функцію. The purpose of the research aimed to study the genitive constructions of English medical eponymous terms concerning the two-case grammar system.Methods. The following methods of linguistic analysis are used in the paper: comparative-historical (to trace the evolution of the genitive case; structural (to identify genitive relations between elements of eponymous terms); descriptive (allows interpreting the genetive constructions of English medical eponymous terms and their possessive forms at the present stage of development of the English language).Results.Morphological changes that took place in the Middle English period led to the fact that all cases, except the genitive, lost their endings and assimilated into the nominative. Thus, the English language has lost its case system, leaving for nouns only the common case, and the genitive case, which is correlated with the possession, the possessive case, respectively.Such a two-case grammar system has caused that the genitive case is quite difficult to identify due to numerous interpretations. Genitive relations can indicate affiliation, origin, description, measurement, perform an attributive role and, the like. Since the common case is expressed by word order, then, in turn, the genitive case has syntactic and morphological ways of formation.Conclusions. In English medical terminology, the eponymous term is a substantivized phrase, the proprial component of which reflects the category of the genitive case. Genetive constructions concerning the proprial component of the eponymous term in English medical terminology have the following forms of expression: 1) by means of a possessive formant, namely an apostrophe and ’s, such as Wells’ syndrome or Kahler’s disease; 2) prepositions, namely paracusis of Willis or osteodysplasty of Melnick and Needles; 3) with the help of inflections -ian / -ic, namely Pickwickian syndrome, Hippocratic nails or the classical Latinized form of the genitive singular, i.e. torcular Herophili. Due to the evidence of the apostrophe’s, the category of the possessive case with the meaning of belonging disappears gradually, and such ways of its expression as apostrophe, inflection and prepositions lead to the fact that the proprial component acts as an attributive modifier eliminating the possessive function.


Litera ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alexandra Solovyeva ◽  
Tat'yana Gur'evna Shishkina

This article is dedicated to the linguistic context of functionality of the English military aviation terms in the journal “Rotor and Wing”. The goal lies in revealing the specificity of the linguistic context of functionality of the English military aviation terminology, as well as its structural, semantic and pragmatic characteristics in the journal “Rotor and Wing”. For achieving the set goal, the author aims to determine the most representative linguistic (stylistic, syntactic, grammatical, and  lexical) peculiarities of the journal; which military aviation terms are most and least common for the journal; as well as structural, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the terms. The novelty lies in comprehensive description of the English military aviation terminology (structural, semantic and pragmatic aspects) and its linguistic context in the professional journal. The research employs the analytical, comparative, and statistical methods. The author establishes the most significant syntactic, grammatical, stylistic, and lexical peculiarities of the journal; as well as structural (most terms are two-component phrases), semantic (presence of the absolute and conditional synonymous terms, absence of polysemy, and  partial presence of antonyms), and pragmatic characteristics of military aviation terminology (terms fulfill the functions that are substantiated by the content and purpose of the journal. The acquired results can be used both in lexicographical practice (compiling the English-language dictionaries, thesauri, glossaries of military aviation terms), and in the practice of teaching the aviation English language.


Author(s):  
P. Echlin ◽  
M. McKoon ◽  
E.S. Taylor ◽  
C.E. Thomas ◽  
K.L. Maloney ◽  
...  

Although sections of frozen salt solutions have been used as standards for x-ray microanalysis, such solutions are less useful when analysed in the bulk form. They are poor thermal and electrical conductors and severe phase separation occurs during the cooling process. Following a suggestion by Whitecross et al we have made up a series of salt solutions containing a small amount of graphite to improve the sample conductivity. In addition, we have incorporated a polymer to ensure the formation of microcrystalline ice and a consequent homogenity of salt dispersion within the frozen matrix. The mixtures have been used to standardize the analytical procedures applied to frozen hydrated bulk specimens based on the peak/background analytical method and to measure the absolute concentration of elements in developing roots.


Author(s):  
C. M. Payne ◽  
P. M. Tennican

In the normal peripheral circulation there exists a sub-population of lymphocytes which is ultrastructurally distinct. This lymphocyte is identified under the electron microscope by the presence of cytoplasmic microtubular-like inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA) (Figure 1), and contains Fc-receptors for cytophilic antibody. In this study, lymphocytes containing PTA (PTA-lymphocytes) were quantitated from serial peripheral blood specimens obtained from two patients with Epstein -Barr Virus mononucleosis and two patients with cytomegalovirus mononucleosis. This data was then correlated with the clinical state of the patient.It was determined that both the percentage and absolute number of PTA- lymphocytes was highest during the acute phase of the illness. In follow-up specimens, three of the four patients' absolute lymphocyte count fell to within normal limits before the absolute PTA-lymphocyte count.In one patient who was followed for almost a year, the absolute PTA- lymphocyte count was consistently elevated (Figure 2). The estimation of absolute PTA-lymphocyte counts was determined to be valid after a morphometric analysis of the cellular areas occupied by PTA during the acute and convalescent phases of the disease revealed no statistical differences.


Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan ◽  
C. Barry Carter

The determination of the absolute polarity of a polar material is often crucial to the understanding of the defects which occur in such materials. Several methods exist by which this determination may be performed. In bulk, single-domain specimens, macroscopic techniques may be used, such as the different etching behavior, using the appropriate etchant, of surfaces with opposite polarity. X-ray measurements under conditions where Friedel’s law (which means that the intensity of reflections from planes of opposite polarity are indistinguishable) breaks down can also be used to determine the absolute polarity of bulk, single-domain specimens. On the microscopic scale, and particularly where antiphase boundaries (APBs), which separate regions of opposite polarity exist, electron microscopic techniques must be employed. Two techniques are commonly practised; the first [1], involves the dynamical interaction of hoLz lines which interfere constructively or destructively with the zero order reflection, depending on the crystal polarity. The crystal polarity can therefore be directly deduced from the relative intensity of these interactions.


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