scholarly journals Respiratory Stress of Sub-Lethal Concentration of Chlorine on Oreochromis niloticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asna Salam ◽  
A.U. Arun ◽  
Shalu Soman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
And Control

In aquatic environment, one of the most significant manifestations of the toxic stress on aquatic organisms, especially fishes are the over stimulation or depression of respiratory activities. These variations in respiratory activities have been used as in indicator of environmental stress. This study was aimed to assess the sub-lethal toxicity of chlorine through respiratory stress on Oreochromis niloticus. It was noticed that in all dosage experiments as the concentration increased rate of gill movement decreased. The rate of gill movement during the first minute after the dosage in control was 128 per minute. Serial dilution method employed in this study helped to assess the LC50 of chlorine and the value noted was 2 ppm. The minimum number of gill movement noted was in 20ppm dosage and the value was 98 per minute whereas the maximum noted was in 5ppm dosage and the value was 101 per minute. In 60th minutes after dosage also the control showed a value of 126 per minute and 20 ppm dosage showed a very low value such as 32 per minute whereas 5ppm dosage of chlorine showed a reasonably good value of 61 per minute. It was noted that in the case of average gill movement, control showed a very high value such as 127 per minute, whereas 5ppm dosage of chlorine showed a reasonably good value such as 84 per minute, and 20 ppm dosage showed a low value 72 per minute. When a comparison was made between control and differently dosed fishes, it was observed that in all dosed cases the average gill movement was very low when compared with control. A significant difference exists between gill movement in the dosed group and control (P<0.05). Consumption of oxygen increased with an increase in dosage and decreased with increased period of exposure. In control the average oxygen consumption was 0.012 mg/ml/gm body weight, in 5ppm it was 0.014 mg/ml/gm body weight, in 10 ppm it was 0.0155 mg/ml/gm body weight, in 15 ppm it was 0.021 mg/ml/gm body weight and in 20ppm it was0.022 mg/ml/gm body weight.

scholarly journals Enhanced intestinal 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake under metformin is not fully suppressed by loperamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Tomomi Nobashi ◽  
Tsuneo Saga ◽  
Yuji Nakamoto ◽  
Yoichi Shimizu ◽  
Sho Koyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjective. This study investigated whether the metformin (Met)-induced enhanced intestinal uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is reduced by loperamide, a long-acting anti-diarrheal agent. Methods. Mean18F-FDG uptake in the mouse small intestine and colon with Met exposure was compared with that in control mice. In the Met group, high-dose (1.0 mg/kg body weight) and low-dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight) loperamide were introduced, and18F-FDG uptake in the small intestine and colon was compared with that of control mice administered high-dose loperamide. The percent injected dose of18F-FDG per gram of tissue (%ID/g) in the extracted tissues was then determined. Results.18F-FDG uptake increased significantly in the small intestine (0.64±0.06 vs. 1.01±0.15, p=0.040) and, especially, the colon (0.46±0.13 vs. 2.16±0.51, p<0.001) after Met exposure. Neither high-dose nor low-dose loperamide significantly reduced18F-FDG uptake in the small intestine (0.82±0.31 vs. 0.84±0.22, p=0.93 and 0.78±0.25 vs. 0.70±0.15, p=0.13, respectively) or colon (2.13±0.41 vs. 1.67±0.55, p=0.063 and 1.77±0.39 vs. 1.80±0.25, p=0.56, respectively). The colonic %ID/g was significantly higher in Met groups irrespective of loperamide introduction than in control group, whereas the significant difference in the small intestine was observed only between Met and control groups. Conclusion. Metformin increased18F-FDG uptake in intestines especially in colon. Loperamide administration partially, but not sufficiently, suppresses the Met-induced increased colonic uptake of18F-FDG.

scholarly journals The effect of interscapular brown adipose tissue removal on body-weight and cold response in the mouse

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Connolly ◽  
R. D. Morrisey ◽  
J. A. Carnie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Extraction ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
And Control

1. The removal of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) led to an increase in body-weight of normal, lean mice as compared to anaesthetized controls.2. No significant difference in food consumption could be detected between the two groups of mice over the period of the experiment.3. Fat extraction of the whole carcasses with chloroform: methanol showed a statistically significant increase in fat content in the animals without IBAT.4. There was no apparent failure in the operated animals to sustain core temperature when exposed to a cold stress situation (4° for 24 h).5. There was no difference in the wet weight, protein content or cytochrorne oxidase content of the dorso-cervical brown adipose tissue (DCBAT) between operated and control mice. This is indicative of a lack of proliferation of other brown adipose tissue sites in the operated mice in response to the removal of the IBAT.6. It is suggested that brown adipose tissue is implicated in dietary themiogenesis in the mouse.

Computed Chest Tomography in Rats with Pulmonary Damage Due to Microembolism

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wegener ◽  
G. Wegenius ◽  
A. Hemmingsson ◽  
B. Jung ◽  
T. Saldeen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Damage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alveolar Oedema ◽  
And Control ◽  
Attenuation Values

Computed chest tomography was performed in 13 rats with pulmonary damage due to microembolism, caused by injection of thrombin (500 NIH/kg body weight) and tranexamic acid, a fibrinolytic inhibitor (200 mg/kg body weight), and in 9 control rats. The purpose of the investigation was to perform attenuation measurements at two levels of the right lung, each with three regions of interest (anterior, mid and posterior). Alterations in attenuation, compared with controls, were correlated with lung weight. Compared with controls, the attenuation was significantly increased in the anterior and posterior regions at both levels in animals with pulmonary damage, but not in the mid regions. There was a statistically significant correlation between increasing attenuation and increasing lung weight. A significant difference was found between damaged and control lungs regarding the microscopic grade of interstitial oedema, alveolar oedema and fibrin. Histograms of attenuation values in computed tomograms might be of value in detecting alveolar oedema. It is concluded that computed chest tomography is a good method for detecting pulmonary oedema at an early stage of experimental microembolism in the rat.

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN ERP-EFFICACY MAHASISWA PSIKOLOGI MELALUI ODOO HUMAN CAPITAL TRAINING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dian Juliarti Bantam ◽  
Arief Fahmie ◽  
Emi Zulaifah
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Type ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This reserach examined the effect of Odoo Human Capital Training (OHCT) to improve ERP-Efficacy of psychology students. The reasearch is an intervention to improve efficacy about ERP softwares. This research used classroom action research (CAR) method of quasi experimental type with nonequivalent control group with pretest and posttest design. The participants were 35 students, with 18 students assigned to experimental group and 17 students to control group. The experimental group was trained for 4-5 hours each day within two days. The ERP-Efficacy was mesured by the ERP-Efficacy Questionnaire (ERPEQ) using 3 aspect from Compeau dan Higgins (1995). The aspect are ERP magnitude, ERP strength, and ERP generalizability. The data were analyzed by using anava mixed design. The result showed there was a significant difference of ERP-Efficacy between experimental and control group for pretest, posttest and follow up observations, with a value of F = 37.25 and p = 0.000 (p0.05). These hypothesis of this research that the effect of OHCT can improve the ERP-Efficacy among psychology students were accepted.

scholarly journals IMPROVING WATER QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) USING CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Setiadi ◽  
Lies Setijaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Significant Difference

Organic and inorganic pollutants such as N, P, and heavy metals are a serious problem in water bodies (lake, reservoir, river, and stream) and have deleterious effects to pond productivity and human health. These pollutants produced from anthropogenic activities (i.e. industrial, agricultural, and settlement) are released into the water bodies and causing poor water quality. Constructed wetland (CW) is one of the technologies that have the capability to solve such problems. The purpose of this experiment was to examine the efficiency of constructed wetland in terms of reducing pollutants from the stream as a water resource for aquaculture area and increasing fish production. Two kinds of treatments were set up: one fish pond culture with constructed wetland and the other one without constructed wetland (control). Each treatment consisted of three replications. The result showed that water quality in the fish pond with CW was better than the control. Constructed wetland were able to reduce ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), TN, phosphate (PO4-P), TP, Cu, Pb, and As concentrations to 15.00%-88.27%, 9.52%-72.73%, 11.11%-57.14%, 20%-66.67%, 24.44%-80.77%, 12.04%-77.95%, 50.00%-100%, 56.25%-100%, and 46.83%-100%, respectively. Nile tilapia cultured in pond using CW was higher than the control in terms of total length, body weight, and survival rate. The t test revealed that nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in pond with CW and the control has significant difference (P<0.01) in terms of total length, body weight, and survival rate. This is the evidence that constructed wetland technology is very useful on improving water quality and increasing pond productivity of nile tilapia cultured in the freshwaterpond.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Toothpastes and Mouthwashes Available in the Iranian Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shahidi ◽  
Shiva Tavakol Davani ◽  
Faranak Noori ◽  
Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei ◽  
Fatemeh Sodeif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: Toothpastes and mouthwashes contain chemicals that may be harmful to oral tissues. This study assessed the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of toothpastes and compare the Iranian and foreign toothpastes and mouthwashes available in the Iranian market in this respect. Materials and Methods: Twenty samples (13 toothpastes and 4 mouthwashes) were selected. The cytotoxicity of 1, 10, and 50 mg/mL of toothpastes and 0.05, 2 and 10 µL of mouthwashes was measured after 1, 15 and 30 min of exposure to human gingival fibroblasts, each in triplicate. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used for cytotoxicity testing. The serial dilution method was utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each sample against Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in cytotoxicity was noted among different products (P=0.00). The difference in cytotoxicity of each sample was not significant at 1, 15 and 30 min (P=0.08). The obtained MIC for all toothpastes and mouthwashes was between 0.0039 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, except for Sensodyne toothpaste and Oral B mouthwash. Conclusion: Some brands of toothpastes have higher cytotoxicity due to their composition, and their cytotoxicity should not be overlooked. The antibacterial activity of the samples was almost equal when they were in contact with L. acidophilus and S. mutans except for the Irsha mouthwash, Sehat, Darugar and Bath toothpastes. The antibacterial effect of toothpastes and mouthwashes increased with an increase in exposure time.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin Deteriorates the Histomorphology of the Kidneys of Albino Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Anup Pandeya ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Jha ◽  
Smriti Karki ◽  
Gajendra Prashad Rauniar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background and Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is one of the limiting factors for using doxorubicin as an anticancer chemotherapeutic. Reactive oxygen species and cytokines have been implicated in the nephrotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. The main objective of the present study is to identify and compare the histomorphological features in kidneys of albino rats and gross morphological features such as weight of rats and weight of the kidneys due to administration of doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: In the study, albino rats were taken as the animal model. Sixty animals were taken as the sample size. They were divided into two equal groups: experimental (n=30) and control (n=30). Rats of experimental group were treated with anticancer drug doxorubicin at a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg body weight while the Control group of rats received a similar volume of 0.9% normal saline. The ethical clearance was taken prior to the research from IERB committee BPKIHS Dharan.  Results: Our results showed that there was high effect of drug in experimental groups of rats. It was seen that there was significant decrease in the body weight and weight of kidneys. The final body weight and kidney weight between experimental and control group showed the significant difference. Similarly there were no significant differences in the normal architecture between the male and female rats. The normal renal histological features were seen on the kidneys in the control group whereas the rats intervened with the drug had some disrupted histological features which reveal the toxicity of the drugs in the kidneys. Conclusion: The study showed toxicity of the drug in the kidneys of experimental groups of rats irrespective of gender and suggest that doxorubicin causes significant loss of the body weight and weight of kidneys and causes the disruption in the normal histological features.

scholarly journals Efficacy of flumethrin pour on against Haematobia exigua infesting cattle under field conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Periyasamy Anbarasi ◽  
Gurusamy Ponnudurai ◽  
Kandasamy Senthilvel ◽  
Kuppannan Sukumar ◽  
Palani Sriniva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract The efficacy of flumethrin 1% pour-on (1% w/v, Flumitas) was evaluated against Haematobia exigua on cattle farms in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu from November 2019 to February 2020. In this study, five farms, which had fly menace, selected randomly were divided as treatment (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and control (Fc) groups. Flies collected from the farms were identified as Haematobia exigua and a mean pre-treatment intensity was 195.56 ± 14.07. In the treatment groups (F1,F2,F3 and F4) flumethrin 1% pour on was applied to the back of cattle at the rate of 1 ml/10 kg body weight and fly intensity was recorded for a period of 2 months. The fly intensity reduced to zero within 30 minutes of application and the same trend continued till 28 DPT in F2 and F3, while it was effective 35 DPT in F1 and F4. A highly significant difference in the mean H. exigua fly counts between control and treatment group (P < 0.0001) was observed.

scholarly journals Effect Of Vitamine AND Selenum On Immune Response Of CO - Baghdad Vaccine In Sheep.

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
A. M.H. AL-Judi ◽  
R. H. Hameed ◽  
A. D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

This study was done on 57 Awassi pregnant ewes, divided in to 5 groups, the 1st control group, the second group received  E (900 mg) and Selenium (3mg), twicel.M.injections of vitamin the third group received one injection of vitamin E (900mg) and  feed  via selenium ( 3 mg), the fourth group received vitamin E block (1 gm) daily for two weeks, the fifth group received  vitamin E via feed block for one week (1gm daily), and all groups injected with C Baghdad vaccine.  This study had been shown a significant difference in antibody titer between treated groups and the control group, from2weeks post  titre vaccination There were significant difference in antibody (p<0.05) between lambs of treated and control group. While there were no significant difference in body weight of ewes and lambs,  production of treated and but was a significant difference in milk control group. 

scholarly journals Restricting night-time eating reduces daily energy intake in healthy young men: a short-term cross-over study

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2108-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Ed Christenson ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
Larry A. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Time Eating

Few experimental data are available to support the notion that reducing night-time eating changes total daily energy intake (EI) or body weight in healthy adults. The present study primarily examined the short-term effect of night eating restriction (NER) on daily EI in healthy young men. It secondarily examined body weight and moods associated with NER. Using a cross-over design, twenty-nine men (20·9 (sd 2·5) years; 24·4 (sd 2·5) kg/m2) initiated a 2-week NER intervention (elimination of EI from 19.00 to 06.00 hours) and a 2-week control condition, counterbalanced and separated by a 1-week washout period. EI and macronutrient intake were assessed using computerised, multiple-pass 24 h food recalls, body weight via a digital scale and mood using the Profile of Mood States survey. Of the twenty-nine participants, twenty-seven (93 %) completed all aspects of the study. During the NER condition, the participants consumed less total energy per d than during the control condition (10 125 v. 11 146 kJ/d; F= 6·41; P= 0·018). During the NER condition, no energy was reported consumed between 19.00 and 06.00 hours; however, during the control condition, the energy intake of participants was 2920 (sd 1347) kJ/d between 19.00 and 06.00 hours. There was a significant difference in weight change between the NER ( − 0·4 (sd 1·1) kg) and control (+0·6 (sd 0·9) kg) conditions (F= 22·68; P< 0·001). Differences in total mood score or mood subscales between the NER and control conditions were not apparent (P>0·05). These findings provide support for NER decreasing short-term EI in healthy young men.

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