scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol 90% terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Mencit Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok

ALCHEMY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Adi Prayitno ◽  
Joni Kusnadi ◽  
Erni Sofia Muritni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mda Content

<pre>Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals which cause human body organs damage when it is exposed. Cigarette smoke as a medium that causes oxidative stress that has the potential to cause oxidative damage. In addition, cigarette smoke also has potency to reduce SOD (Superoxide dismutase) levels and increase MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels especially in lung tissue. To control or prevent the presence of free radicals in the body, antioxidant compounds are needed by the body. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the extract of red betle on SOD and MDA content of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Red betle was extracted by maceration using ethanol. The exposed mice were treated with red betle extract for 14 days. Lung tissue of the mice was analyzed SOD and MDA conentrations. The results showed that SOD levels tend to increase and decrease MDA levels in mice test animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The optimal dose to decrease MDA levels and increase SOD is 230.4 mg/g weight/day. Histopatology result showed there is different figure of lung tissue (alveoli) before and after red betle extract treatment.</pre><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><p class="BodyAbstract">Asap rokok adalah sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya organ dalam tubuh manusia apabila terpapar. Asap rokok sebagai media penyebab terjadinya stress oksidatif yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif. Selain itu, asap rokok juga berpotensi dalam menurukan kadar SOD  (Superoksida Dismutase) dan meningkatkan kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) terutama pada jaringan paru. Untuk mengendalikan atau mencegah adanya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh maka senyawa antioksidan dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah terhadap kadar SOD dan MDA mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Daun sirih merah diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Mencit yang telah dipapar asap rokok diberi perlakuan ekstrak selama 14 hari. Jaringan paru-paru dianalisis kadar MDA dan SOD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar SOD cenderung mengalami peningkatan dan kadar MDA mengalami penurunan pada hewan uji mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Dosis yang paling optimal untuk menurunkan kadar MDA dan menaikan SOD adalah dosis 230,4 mg/g bb/hari. Hasil histopatologi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan gambaran jaringan paru-paru (alveoli) sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ekstrak.</p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p>

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE DURATION TO ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKE ON DIFFERENCES IN SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND MALONDIALDEHYDE IN BLOOD OF WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
RIVAN VIRLANDO SURYADINATA ◽  
BAMBANG WIRJATMADI ◽  
MERRYANA ADRIANI ◽  
SRI SUMARMI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Exposure to electronic cigarette smoke causes an increase of free radicals. Physiologically, the body produces antioxidant superoxide dismutase to neutralize the free radicals. However, an excessive increase of the free radicals will result in an imbalance between the amount of free radicals and antioxidants. The free radicals in the body can trigger lipid peroxidation so that it will result in oxidative stress causing cell damage. Malondialdehyde increase is a marker of oxidative stress in the body. The aim of this research is to understand the changes and the relationship between levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the blood due to exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. Methods: This research is an experimental study using male Wistar rats as experimental animal models. In the study, the exposure to electronic cigarette smoke with different duration of administration was carried out. Next, blood samples were taken to check the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Results: The results showed a difference in antioxidant levels between antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Meanwhile the relationship between the two groups showed a strong (r = 0.893) and significant (p = 0.000) relationship. Conclusion: The exposure to electronic cigarette smoke can reduce the level of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and increase the level of malondialdehyde in blood. In addition, changes in the levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde had a strong and significant relationship.

Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel ◽  
Parisa Falsafi ◽  
Hamidreza Abolsamadi ◽  
Mohammad T. Goodarzi ◽  
Jalal Poorolajal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. Results: The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.

scholarly journals SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE (SOD) DAN RADIKAL BEBAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Evirosa Juliartha Simanjuntak ◽  
Zulham Zulham
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Superoxide Anions ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an endogenous antioxidant that works by regulating ROS levels. This group of enzymes functions to catalyze the efficient disposal of superoxide anions. Superoxide anions are produced enzymatically and non-enzymatically. In mammals there are 3 types of SOD, namely SOD1 (CuZnSOD), SOD2 (MnSOD), SOD3 (ECSOD). Oxidative stress caused by free radicals has been reported to be involved in several diseases. Various stressors trigger ROS production, also triggering the production of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), hydroperoxidase (HPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Free radicals cause oxidative stress when the amount in the body is excessive, this situation will cause oxidative damage at the cellular, tissue to organ levels that will accelerate the aging process and the onset of disease. Free radicals are molecules that have one or more unpaired electrons and are therefore relatively unstable. Free radicals try to stabilize themselves by taking electrons from other molecules and will produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). If there is a disturbance in the balance of ROS products with antioxidants, oxidative stress will occur which results in damage to cell components. The higher levels of oxidative stress will increase the lipid peroxidation marker which is presented as malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease the SOD enzyme activity. Thus the role of molecules that have antioxidant activity is very necessary to ward off oxidative stress.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SELENIUM MICRONUTRIENTS AS ANTIOXIDANTS IN EXPOSURE TO E-CIGARETTE SMOKE

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
RIVAN VIRLANDO SURYADINATA ◽  
MERRYANA ADRIANI ◽  
SANTI MARTINI ◽  
SRI SUMARMI ◽  
BAMBANG WIRJATMADI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Objective: E-cigarette products have resulted in various controversies concerning their posed impacts on health. Some argue that exposure to e-cigarette smoke could improve free radicals in the body; thus, it causes harming impacts on health. Peroral selenium (Se) administration can increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) serving as antioxidants in the body. Methods: This research is an experimental study aiming to analyze the effectiveness of Se to decrease free radical due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke as one of the preventive actions. The research was carried out to male Wistar rats with exposure to e-cigarette smoke and peroral Se intake with different time and duration of administration. Results: Research results showed a decrease of antioxidant SOD and GPx in the administration of exposure to e-cigarette smoke, and they gradually increased after Se administration (p=0.000). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde level was inversely proportional compared to antioxidant SOD and GPx. Conclusion: Se is a micronutrient that can reduce free radicals due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke through enhancement of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPx.

scholarly journals STUDI PRELIMINARI TENTANG PENGARUH D-GALAKTOSA DALAM MENGINDUKSI STRES OKSIDATIF PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR OUTBRED FK USU

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Siti Sarah Bintang Sarah Bintang ◽  
Yahwardiah Siregar ◽  
Muhammad Ichwan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract Oxidative stress occurs due to imbalance of free radicals over antioxidant level in the body. This condition causes lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. D-Galaktosa is The mechanism of oxidative stress induced by d-galactose occurs in the subcellular, especially in the brain's mitochondria. Increasing the concentration of d-galaktosa is oxidized by galaktosa oxidase to form hydrogen peroxide (H202) which causes a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD). H202 reacts with reduced iron and forms hydroxide ions (OH-). Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of d-galaktosa induction on oxidative stress levels (MDA) in male mice. Methods: Methods of samples of mice given d-galaktosa and blood collection from the heart were carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra. Results: The results showed that administration of d-galaktosa, through intraperitonial injection every day for 6 weeks, had an effect on the levels of oxidative stress in male mice. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that administration of d-galaktosa, through intraperitonial injection every day for 6 weeks, has an effect on levels of oxidative stress in male mice.

scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF FLAVONOID IN RED MULBERRY ON REDUCING FREE RADICALS AND ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES DUE TO CIGARETTE SMOKE EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Dita Sukmaya Prawitasari ◽  
Indira Pradita Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals

Background. Free radicals in cigarette smoke will hurt health when they enter to the respiratory tract. An excessive increase of free radicals in the body will cause oxidative stress. Free radicals are generated physiologically by the body's metabolism and can neutralize antioxidants in the body. An imbalance number of free radicals will result in cell damage and death. It has characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde levels in the blood and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Giving red mulberry (Morus rubra) as an intake of antioxidants from outside the body can prevent adverse effects of cigarette smoke. Objective. This study analyses flavonoids' impact on red mulberry in reducing free radicals due to exposure to cigarette smoke by lowering levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages. Method. This research is experimental with a post-test control group design using male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) as experimental animals. Treatment of experimental animals through red mulberry per oral and exposure to cigarette smoke had conducted for 30 days. The parameters used were levels of malondialdehyde and alveolar macrophages in the lung tissue. Results. The research showed an increase in free radicals in the group exposed to cigarette smoke. Increasing intake of red mulberry can further reduce malondialdehyde levels and the number of alveolar macrophages (p<0.05). Conclusions. The antioxidants in red mulberry can reduce malondialdehyde levels in the blood and the number of alveolar macrophages in lung tissue due to exposure to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals The Molecular Pathways of Lung Damage by E-Cigarette in Experimental Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivan Virlando Suryadinata ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Objectives: The negative health effects of electronic cigarettes remain debatable. Several studies have shown the adverse effects, but there are others who opine that electronic cigarettes are safer to use than the tobacco counterparts. There is however, a possibility that the long-term health effects, such as respiratory and even kidney function impairment are presently not obvious. The amounts of increased free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines from e-cigarettes result in various physiological disorders, which trigger cell damage, and even cell death in the body. Methods: The aim of this study is to analyze the stages of lung tissue damage caused by exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. An experimental method was used herein with a control and a experiment group of male wistar rats to assess the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, matrix metalloprotein-8, and collagen type 2. The results were obtained using immunohistochemical staining methods on alveolar macrophages through Hematoxylin-Eosin (H & E) staining. Results: The results showed that exposure to electronic cigarette smoke caused an increase in free radicals, triggered an inflammatory process, and degraded the type 2 collagen present in the lung tissue. Conclusion: Exposure E-cigarette can cause cell damage in lung tissue Keyword: E-Cigarettes; Lung Tissue; Immunohistochemistry; Hematoxylin-Eosin.

Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on 17α-Ethynyelstradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (08) ◽  
pp. 1613-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Jiao Xu ◽  
Zao-Qin Yu ◽  
Cheng-Liang Zhang ◽  
Xi-Ping Li ◽  
Cheng-Yang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mda Content

The present study was designed to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides on 17[Formula: see text]-ethynyelstradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC). Ginsenoside at doses of 30, 100, 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight was intragastrically (i.g.) given to rats for 5 days to examine the effect on EE-induced IC. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bile acid (TBA) were measured. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results indicated that ginsenosides remarkably prevented EE-induced increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and TBA. Moreover, the elevation of hepatic MDA content induced by EE was significantly reduced, while hepatic SOD activities were significantly increased when treated with ginsenosides. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after treatment with ginsenosides. In addition, treatment with ginsenosides could significantly downregulate the protein expression of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] compared with EE group. These findings indicate that ginsenosides exert the hepatoprotective effect on EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, and this protection might be attributed to the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in ageing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasna K. A. ◽  
Geetha N. ◽  
Jean Maliekkal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory

Background: Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body functions and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. The free radical theory of ageing proposed by Harman D states that ageing is a result of cumulative damage incurred by free radical reactions. Free radicals are highly reactive molecular species with unpaired electrons; generated in the body by several physiological processes. Prime target to free radical attack are the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes causing lipid peroxidation. The free radicals are neutralized by the exogenous and endogenous antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when large number of free radicals are produced or the antioxidant activity is impaired. The present study is focused to find out the role of oxidative stress in ageing.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress in ageing; by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin in various age groups. 150 healthy subjects were selected randomly and categorised into three different age groups of 20-30 years, 40-59 years and 60-90 years; with 50 subjects in each group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Results: a significant elevation in serum MDA level and a decline in SOD were observed in 40-59 years and 60-90 years age groups. However, an elevated ceruloplasmin level was found in the above age groups.Conclusions: Aforementioned observations are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and the progression of ageing process.

Effects of Lead Nitrate Induced Histological Changes in Liver of Male Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2948-2950
Author(s):  
Sumaira Abbasi ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmad ◽  
Kaukab Anjum ◽  
Amaidah Mir ◽  
Ayesha Irfan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group B

Lead is a highly toxic agent and a potent risk factor for various diseases as its quantity in an environment is increasing day by day. Aim: To observe and analyze the lead nitrate induced histomorphological changes in the liver of Sprague Dawley rats. Study Design: Experimental Study. Methodology: Animals of group A (control) were fed on normal diet but the animals of group B were given 50mg/kg of lead nitrate dissolved in 10ml of distilled water through oral gavage for 14 days daily. SPSS version 22 was used for data analysis. All the quantitative data was expressed as means ± SD. One Way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tukey test was applied. Results: Degenerative effects were noted. The number of Inflammatory and Kupfffer cells is increased with decreased in the body weight. Steatosis and central vein congestion were also present. Conclusion: It was concluded that degenerative effects histologically may be due to oxidative stress produced by formation of free radicals and denaturation of proteins by lead nitrate. Keywords: Lead, Liver, Central Vein Congestion, Oxidative Stress and Free Radicals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document