scholarly journals Individual variation in growth and physiology of symbionts in response to temperature

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey terHorst ◽  
Mary-Alice Coffroth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Historical Temperature ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

In many cases, understanding species level responses to climate change requires understanding variation among individuals in response to such change. For species with strong symbiotic relationships, such as many coral reef species, genetic variation in symbiont responses to temperature may affect the response to increased ocean temperatures. To assess variation among symbiont genotypes, we examined the population dynamics and physiological responses of genotypes of Breviolum antillogorgium in response to increased temperature. We found broad temperature tolerance across genotypes, with all genotypes showing positive growth at 26, 30, and 32 C. Genotypes differed in the magnitude of the response of growth rate and carrying capacity to increasing temperature, suggesting that natural selection could favor different genotypes at different temperatures. However, the historical temperature at which genotypes were reared was not a good predictor of temperature response, suggesting a lack of adaptation to temperature over hundreds of generations. We found increased photosynthetic rates and decreased respiration rates with increasing temperature, and differences in physiology among genotypes, but found no significant differences in the response of different genotypes to temperature. In species with such broad thermal tolerance, selection experiments on symbionts outside of the host may not yield results sufficient for evolutionary rescue from climate change.

scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
Ka Ying Florence Lip ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractElucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains in all conditions was performed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
Ka Ying Florence Lip ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractElucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains was performed by SWATH-MS, allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Analysis of effects in wheat of high temperature on grain filling attributes estimated from mathematical models of grain filling

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZAHEDI ◽  
C. F. JENNER
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Response To Temperature

Compared with growth at 20/15°C (day/night), exposure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants to moderately high temperature (30/25°C) significantly decreased grain weight through shortening the duration of grain filling, combined with small (or no) positive increases in the rate of grain filling. Several mathematical models of grain filling were assessed for their suitability as means of analysing these effects of temperature. The ordinary logistic model was found to be the most appropriate model and was used for the analysis of grain filling responses in four cultivars differing in their responses. Genotypic variation in response to temperature was observed for both rate and duration of grain filling, but the variation for the duration of grain filling among cultivars was small at the higher temperature. Significant correlation was found between single grain weight with the rate, but not with the duration, of grain filling at high temperature, which indicated an important role for synthetic processes involved in grain filling in the temperature sensitivity of wheat cultivars. As they are independent traits, both rate and duration are required selection criteria for the improvement of heat tolerance. Responses of one attribute estimated from the logistic model, the inflection point of the course of grain filling, may give insight into a temperature response that is distinguishable from that associated with the duration of grain filling. The inflection point appears to be worth including as a criterion in selecting for high temperature tolerance in wheat.

Amino Acid Uptake by Tomato Leaf Tissue Under Chilling Stress: Uptake Conditions and a Comparison of Lycopersicon Species of Different Chilling Resistance

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Paull ◽  
BD Patterson ◽  
D Graham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Chilling Resistance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Response To Temperature

Uptake of [3H]leucine by leaf fragments and roots from Lycopersicon esculentum (domestic tomato) and L. hirsutum (a wild tomato) was compared. Uptake of amino acids was affected by metabolic inhibitors and temperature. The L. esculentum cultivars studied, Rutgers and PI.341985, showed similar uptake rates above 12°C. After preincubation at the uptake temperatures below 12°C, the Q10 for uptake for PI.341985 was about 25 while for Rutgers it was about 125. The temperature response was similar for root and leaf material and for material grown at different temperatures (24/18 and 15/5°C). The temperature response of the uptake by leaf fragments of the wild races of L. hirsutum was related to the altitude of origin. The race from the highest altitude (3100 m) showed little change in slope in a plot of tog uptake rate versus temperature over the range 4-20°C. The race from the lowest altitude (30 m) resembled the cultivars of L. esculentum in its response to temperature and showed an increasing slope below 10°C. The race of L. hirsutum from 1500 m responded to temperature in an intermediate fashion. It is concluded that the decrease in the rate of uptake of amino acids during incubation at chilling temperatures can be related to genetic adaptation to the temperature of the native habitat and chilling resistance of the variety of Lycopersicon used.

scholarly journals A Comparative Electrochemical and Morphological Investigation on the Behavior of NiCr and CoCr Dental Alloys at Various Temperatures

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Florentina Golgovici ◽  
Mariana Prodana ◽  
Florentina Gina Ionascu ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Dental Alloys ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The purpose of our study is to compare the behavior of two reprocessed dental alloys (NiCr and CoCr) at different temperatures considering the idea that food and drinks in the oral cavity create various compositions at different pH levels; the novelty is the investigation of temperature effect on corrosion parameters and ion release of dental alloys. Electrochemical stability was studied together with morphology, elemental composition and ions release determination. The results obtained are in good concordance: electrochemistry studies reveal that the corrosion rate is increasing by increasing the temperature. From SEM coupled with EDS, the oxide film formed on the surface of the alloys is stable at low temperatures and a trend to break after 310K. ICP-MS results evidence that in accordance with increasing temperature, the quantities of ions released from the alloys immersed in artificial saliva also increase, though they still remain small, less than 20 ppm.

scholarly journals Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Sang-Jin Park ◽  
Seung-Gyu Jeong ◽  
Yong Park ◽  
Sang-hyuk Kim ◽  
Dong-kun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Modis Imagery ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Climate change poses a disproportionate risk to alpine ecosystems. Effective monitoring of forest phenological responses to climate change is critical for predicting and managing threats to alpine populations. Remote sensing can be used to monitor forest communities in dynamic landscapes for responses to climate change at the species level. Spatiotemporal fusion technology using remote sensing images is an effective way of detecting gradual phenological changes over time and seasonal responses to climate change. The spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) is a widely used data fusion algorithm for Landsat and MODIS imagery. This study aims to identify forest phenological characteristics and changes at the species–community level by fusing spatiotemporal data from Landsat and MODIS imagery. We fused 18 images from March to November for 2000, 2010, and 2019. (The resulting STARFM-fused images exhibited accuracies of RMSE = 0.0402 and R2 = 0.795. We found that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value increased with time, which suggests that increasing temperature due to climate change has affected the start of the growth season in the study region. From this study, we found that increasing temperature affects the phenology of these regions, and forest management strategies like monitoring phenology using remote sensing technique should evaluate the effects of climate change.

scholarly journals Simulation of FDSOI-ISFET with Tunable Sensitivity by Temperature and Dual-Gate Structure

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Hanbin Wang ◽  
Jinshun Bi ◽  
Mengxin Liu ◽  
Tingting Han
Keyword(s):  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Fully Depleted ◽  
Gate Structure ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dual Gate ◽  
Sensitivity Changes ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Aided Design

This work investigates the different sensitivities of an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) based on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI). Using computer-aided design (TCAD) tools, the sensitivity of a single-gate FDSOI based ISFET (FDSOI-ISFET) at different temperatures and the effects of the planar dual-gate structure on the sensitivity are determined. It is found that the sensitivity increases linearly with increasing temperature, reaching 890 mV/pH at 75 °C. By using a dual-gate structure and adjusting the control gate voltage, the sensitivity can be reduced from 750 mV/pH at 0 V control gate voltage to 540 mV/pH at 1 V control gate voltage. The above sensitivity changes are produced because the Nernst limit changes with temperature or the electric field generated by different control gate voltages causes changes in the carrier movement. It is proved that a single FDSOI-ISFET can have adjustable sensitivity by adjusting the operating temperature or the control gate voltage of the dual-gate device.

scholarly journals Correlation and prediction of solubility of hydrogen in alkenes and its dissolution properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jamali ◽  
Amir Abbas Izadpanah ◽  
Masoud Mofarahi
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Binary Interaction ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Dissolution Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Binary Interaction Parameters ◽  
Delta G ◽  
Hoff Equation ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Total Average

AbstractIn this work, solubility of hydrogen in some alkenes was investigated at different temperatures and pressures. Solubility values were calculated using the Peng–Robinson equation of state. Binary interaction parameters were calculated using fitting the equation of state on experimental data, Group contribution method and Moysan correlations and total average absolute deviation for these methods was 3.90, 17.60 and 13.62, respectively. Because hydrogen solubility in Alkenes is low, Henry’s law for these solutions were investigated, too. Results of calculation showed with increasing temperature, Henry’s constant was decreased. The temperature dependency of Henry’s constants of hydrogen in ethylene and propylene was higher than to other alkenes. In addition, using Van’t Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters for dissolution of hydrogen in various alkenes were calculated. Results indicated that the dissolution of hydrogen was spontaneous and endothermic. The total average of dissolution enthalpy ($${\Delta H}^{^\circ }$$ Δ H ∘ ) and Gibbs free energy ($${\Delta G}^{^\circ }$$ Δ G ∘ ) for these systems was 3.867 kJ/mol and 6.361 kJ/mol, respectively. But dissolution of hydrogen in almost of alkenes was not an entropy-driven process.

Temperature Dependence of Hole Impact Ionization Coefficient in 4H-SiC Photodiodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 615-617 ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.S. Loh ◽  
J.P.R. David ◽  
B.K. Ng ◽  
Stanislav I. Soloviev ◽  
Peter M. Sandvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Positive Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ionization Coefficients ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Ionization Rates

Hole initiated multiplication characteristics of 4H-SiC Separate Absorption and Multiplication Avalanche Photodiodes (SAM-APDs) with a n- multiplication layer of 2.7 µm were obtained using 325nm excitation at temperatures ranging from 300 to 450K. The breakdown voltages increased by 200mV/K over the investigated temperature range, which indicates a positive temperature coefficient. Local ionization coefficients, including the extracted temperature dependencies, were derived in the form of the Chynoweth expression and were used to predict the hole multiplication characteristics at different temperatures. Good agreement was obtained between the measured and the modeled multiplication using these ionization coefficients. The impact ionization coefficients decreased with increasing temperature, corresponding to an increase in breakdown voltage. This result agrees well with the multiplication characteristics and can be attributed to phonon scattering enhanced carrier cooling which has suppressed the ionization process at high temperatures. Hence, a much higher electric field is required to achieve the same ionization rates.

scholarly journals The widespread collapse of an invasive species: Argentine ants ( Linepithema humile ) in New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Cooling ◽  
Stephen Hartley ◽  
Dalice A. Sim ◽  
Philip J. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Argentine Ant ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Argentine Ants ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Colony Collapse ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Synergies between invasive species and climate change are widely considered to be a major biodiversity threat. However, invasive species are also hypothesized to be susceptible to population collapse, as we demonstrate for a globally important invasive species in New Zealand. We observed Argentine ant populations to have collapsed in 40 per cent of surveyed sites. Populations had a mean survival time of 14.1 years (95% CI = 12.9–15.3 years). Resident ant communities had recovered or partly recovered after their collapse. Our models suggest that climate change will delay colony collapse, as increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall significantly increased their longevity, but only by a few years. Economic and environmental costs of invasive species may be small if populations collapse on their own accord.

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