and Epidemiological Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Children in the Astrakhan Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
G. A. Kharchenko ◽  
O. G. Kimirilova ◽  
E. N. Streltsovа ◽  
O. N. Chabanova
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Medical Network ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article presents the results of the analysis of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in children of the Astrakhan region for the period from 2013 to 2017. The incidence of tuberculosis of children in the region exceeds the average Russian Federation 2.9, the southern Federal district in 3.2 time. In the structure of morbidity of children is dominated by tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (75.6%). The increase of tuberculosis morbidity of children population of the region could also be: the increasing incidence and delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults introduction in practice of modern methods of diagnostics (computer tomography, PCR, Diaskintest) allowing to identify the disease in a larger number of patients, lack of alertness of doctors of general medical network on early diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Modeling of the epidemiological situation of hepatitis C in the North-Western Federal district and Saint Petersburg until 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
E.V. E.V.Esaulenko ◽  
◽  
R.A. R.A.Ganchenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
North Western ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Currently, there is an urgent need to monitor the epidemiological situation of the infection caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and control its early diagnosis. Objective. To determine the public health burden of HCV infection in Saint Petersburg (SPb) and North-Western Federal district (NWFD), to predict the epidemiological situation, and to identify measures that should be taken to achieve the goals mentioned in the WHO strategy by 2030. Materials and methods. We have developed a dynamic model of disease progression for quantitative assessment of HCV burden by stages of liver disease for 1950–2030 in collaboration with the Center for Disease Analysis, USA. Results. With the existing approach to HCV diagnosis and treatment, the number of patients with chronic hepatitis C in SPb and NWFD will continue to grow and reach 332,000 and 193,000 cases respectively. We expect at least a two-fold increase in the number of deaths associated with liver disease and in the number of patients with decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in both SPb and NWFD. Changes in the approaches currently used for HCV treatment and implementation of additional measures will help to achieve main WHO goals by 2030. Conclusion. Implementation of the WHO strategy in the NWFD and SPb has obvious advantages, but requires significant resources and optimization of existing approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection in the region. Keywords: HCV infection, chronic hepatitis C, WHO strategy to eliminate hepatitis C

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in the Kurgan Region (1983–2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Pogodina ◽  
М. S. Shcherbinina ◽  
S. M. Skrynnik ◽  
N. G. Bochkovа ◽  
N. M. Kolyasnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Maximum Elevation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Relevance.Тhe Ural Federal district (Ural Federal district) is a highly endemic tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBEV) territories in the Russian Federation. The epidemiological situation on the TBEV is studied in Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions and slightly shown in the Kurgan region. There is no information about the evolution TBEV, the structure of immunity population, vaccine prevention in the Kurgan region. The article presents the dynamics epidemiological situation on TBEV in the Kurgan region over a 30-year period.Materials and methods: Used expedition reports, viral encephalitis named after the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR for 1983–2007, as well as materials of medical institutions of the Kurgan region 2007–2017. For population immunity used: hemagglutination test (HAI-test), neutralization test (NT). To identify specific antibodies – IgG, IgM, antigen of TBEV, sets of reagents of ELISA from «Vector-Best» were used. To immunotypicalli and genotypically Strains and isolates RNA of TBEV isolated in 1983–2007, used precipitation in agar (RDPA) and by RT-PCR technique in real time with genotypespecific probes.Results and discussions: Kurgan region is a highly TBEV endemic area. the morbidity rate – 18,3 per 100 thousand people 1983. Maximum elevation – 44.1 in 1996 to and decrease to 13.5 in 2000–2012. The immune part of the population according hemagglutination tests, on epidemiologically significant territories is 15–20%, (66% NT), in the regions with sporadic incidence is 8%, (21–50% NT), in non-endemic territories – 3%. At the present stage, the region marked the expansion of nosoareal TBEV due to the previously less significant Eastern regions. In Kurgan region vaccination coverage against TBE 39.3%. The clinical efficacy of vaccination was manifested in an increase in fever forms of TBE disease and a decrease in meningeal and focal forms of the disease. In the period 2004–2012 the number of vaccinated patients was 20.3% of the total number of patients.Сonclusions. Evolution of tick-borne encephalitis manifested the expansion of nosoareal TBEV, increase seasonal activity of ticks, the TBEV Siberian subtype is absolutely dominating.

scholarly journals The Epidemiological Characteristics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe: Focus on Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2942
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gabutti ◽  
Erica d’Anchera ◽  
Francesco De Motoli ◽  
Marta Savio ◽  
Armando Stefanati
Keyword(s):  
Social Structures ◽  
World Population ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Reporting Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Starting from December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has forcefully entered our lives and profoundly changed all the habits of the world population. The COVID-19 pandemic has violently impacted the European continent, first involving only some European countries, Italy in particular, and then spreading to all member states, albeit in different ways and times. The ways SARS-CoV-2 spreads are still partly unknown; to quantify and adequately respond to the pandemic, various parameters and reporting systems have been introduced at national and European levels to promptly recognize the most alarming epidemiological situations and therefore limit the impact of the virus on the health of the population. The relevant key points to implement adequate measures to face the epidemic include identifying the population groups most involved in terms of morbidity and mortality, identifying the events mostly related to the spreading of the virus and recognizing the various viral mutations. The main objective of this work is to summarize the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and Italy almost a year after the first reported case in our continent. The secondary objectives include the definition of the epidemiological parameters used to monitor the epidemic, the explanation of superspreading events and the description of how the epidemic has impacted on health and social structures, with a particular focus on Italy.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ С НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИМИ ГНОЙНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ПОЗВОНОЧНИКА

Innova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Максим Юрьевич Гончаров ◽  
◽  
Яна Алексеевна Горева ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
The Russian Federation

The problem of early diagnosis of non-specific purulent diseases of the spine remains relevant. The main organizational problems in providing medical care to these patients are considered to be late diagnosis, late administration of antibacterial therapy and neurosurgical care. The goal of our work was to improve treatment outcomes by reducing the time of diagnosis and the duration of the stage before providing specialized care. Based on the identified variable factors that influenced the treatment outcomes, we proposed an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific purulent diseases of the spine, implemented in the activities of hospitals in the Sverdlovsk region. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, we retrospectively compared the main indicators and results of the treatment of patients conducted before and after the implementation of the developed algorithm. Educational and methodological work with doctors was also important for reducing the time of diagnosis of the disease. After the implementation of the developed algorithm of diagnostics and tactics in nonspecific suppurative diseases of the spine and the necessary organizational issues, there was a reduction of the duration from the first signs of the disease to provide specialized assistance, as well as the number of patients who had gross neurological deficit and/or systemic inflammatory response syndrome upon admission to a hospital. The results obtained allow us to recommend the developed algorithm of diagnostics and tactics for non-specific purulent diseases of the spine for implementation in other regions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Review of the Current Epidemiological Situation on the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the World and Forecast of the Incidence for the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Average Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Autonomous Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome around the world and in the Russian Federation over the period of 2009–2018. 5855 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were registered in Russia in 2018 (3.99 per one hundred thousand of the population). Downward trend is observed as compared to 2017 (by 29.6 %). Cases of cluster infection were not reported. It is established that the highest level of morbidity, exceeding the average level across Russia 3.9 times, was noted in the Volga Federal District, where 77.5% of the total cases occurred. The territory of the Russian Federation was differentiated by the HFRS incidence rates. The areas with high levels of morbidity included the entities of the Russian Federation with intensive index range between 9.08 and 41.39 per one hundred thousand of the population, among them Republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Tatarstan, and Mordovia, Udmurt and Chuvashi Republics, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, and Jewish Autonomous Regions. The forecast for preservation of tense epidemiological situation on HFRS incidence in the territory of the Volga Federal District was substantiated.

scholarly journals Delayed Diagnosis of Unilateral Mandibular Condylar Fracture in a Posterior Edentulous Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sahani Anupama ◽  
Pilana Vithanage Kalani Shihanika Hettiarachchi
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Edentulous Patient ◽  
Condylar Fracture ◽  
Physical Finding ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Condylar Fractures

Background. Fractures of the mandible are common in elderly patients, and among them, condylar fractures are the most frequent type. A change in occlusion is the most common physical finding in patients with fractures of the mandible. Therefore, it is challenging to identify mandibular fractures in posterior edentulous patients due to the lack of posterior occlusal contacts. It is crucial to do radiological investigations in such patients to exclude fractures. Case Presentation. This article describes a case of delayed diagnosis of a unilateral mandibular condylar fracture for a week’s duration and treating the condition as temporomandibular pathology in a posterior edentulous, 52-year-old patient. Conclusion. This clinical case highlights the importance of radiological investigations and occlusal analysis for early diagnosis of condylar fractures, particularly in posterior edentulous patients, lacking posterior occlusal contacts.

scholarly journals PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: FROM SCIENCE TO PRACTICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-74
Author(s):  
A G Nikitin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Molecular Genetic Testing ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Clinical Centre

In 2012, in Federal research and clinical centre of FMBA of Russia the laboratory of genetics was established, which conducts scientific research in the field of genetic predisposition to socially significant diseases, early diagnosis of oncopathology, as well as methods for processing genomic data. Significant experience in molecular genetic testing have allowed to help to implement a routine practice of a multiprofile hospital modern methods of genetic analysis that were previously available only to large specialized centers.

scholarly journals Medico-demographic situation in prisons of Volga federal district in the period of the penal system reforming

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
A M Tulenkov ◽  
E V Dyuzheva ◽  
K A Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
The Mean

Aim. To assess tendency in medico-demographic indicators of persons held in prisons of Volga Federal District in the period of the penal system modern reforming (2006-2014).Methods. Assessment of the studied contingent quantitative and qualitative medico-demographic indicators dynamics, the most relevant for the prisons for the 2006-2014. Forecasting of studied indicators for the period up to 2017 was conducted. Intensive and extensive indicators calculation and their dynamic comparison were performed.Results. Changes of demographic indicators for the 2006-2014 period involve the total number of prisoners reduction, the proportion of women increase and the proportion of teenagers decrease, reduction the punishment serving duration, migration processes intensification. The studied contingent, which was held in the prisons of the Volga Federal District, in the vast majority (91.0%) was presented by male persons. The mean age of convicted is 30.9 years. The mean term of punishment in prisons is 7.6 years. During the 2006-2014, the constant tendency of the studied contingent mortality increase due to the continuing increase in the number of patients with socially significant diseases amid decrease of the total number of persons held in prisons was registered. In 2014, the mortality rate was 7.1‰, which is 36.5% higher than in 2006 (5.2‰). The leading causes of death were infectious and parasitic diseases (37.1%). Studied medico-demographic indicators changes had significant regional features.Conclusion. Revealed significant changes in the medico-demographic indicators of studied contingent, definitely affecting the penalty system medical service activity, dictate the necessity of considering them when adopting the strategy of medical care organization in prisons.

scholarly journals Brucellosis morbidity in Russia and Primorsky region

2022 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
G. T. Dzyuba ◽  
Y. E. Skurikhina ◽  
G. A. Zakharova ◽  
A. V. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
Average Rate ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Disease Rate ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective: Epidemiological data analysis concerning the spread of brucellosis in Russia and Primorsky Region, study of the manifestations of the epidemic process and the current state of brucellosis issue.Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of materials on infectious morbidity based on state statistical reporting forms No. 1, No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic morbidity”.Results: Brucellosis affects workers in the main occupational groups of livestock breeders, workers involved in the processing of livestock, who contact sick animals and other sources of brucellosis infection. Primorsky Region is a territory with an unstable epidemiological situation on brucellosis. A different morbidity rates were registered over the years. However usually it does not exceed the national average rate. In 2009, the morbidity rate counted 27.5% less than in Russian Federation (0.21 and 0.29 per 100,000 respectively), compared to previous years, the average long-term morbidity rate in the region increased by 3.5 times. The disease rate for the period from 2009 to 2019 ranged from 0.05 to 0.21%. In 2012, it exceeded the index in the Far Eastern Federal District (0.1 per 100,000 population). Brucellosis cases were detected among livestock breeders during an extraordinary medical examination due to the bad situation on brucellosis among animals.Conclusions: In recent decades, the epizootic and epidemiological situation on brucellosis remains tense due to the decrease in the number of serological and bacteriological studies among animals and humans, the weakening of veterinary-sanitary control and the formation of new private farms.

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