scholarly journals Wahania koniunkturalne na światowym i polskim rynku odtłuszczonego mleka w proszku w latach 2004-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (1) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
Piotr Szajner
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
The Eu

Economic activities are featured with certain cycles. The cycles can concern the whole economy as well as particular sectors. The dairy industry is one of the branches that are of high importance in Polish and the world as regards food sector. Polish dairy industry faced deep structural changes and modernisation. After the accession to the EU domestic market is strongly linked to both the EU and the world markets. The production in Poland exceeds consumption by ca 20%. The surplus is exported, which ties up the situation on the domestic market with the situation on international markets. Conducted analysis of the domestic and the world markets of milk skimmed powder showed parallel fluctuations. Domestic prices and the prices on the world markets are strongly correlated. The knowledge on the characteristics of those fluctuations allows stakeholders for a proper risk management as well as elaboration of suitable policy options by government administration.

scholarly journals Assessment of Biotechnology Policies and International Trade in Key Markets for U.S. Agriculture

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Marchant ◽  
Baohui Song
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Markets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Biotechnology Research ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The United States leads the world in agricultural biotechnology research, adoption, commercialization, and exports. Our biotech commodities are highly dependent on international markets. Thus, any biotech policy changes by key importing countries may affect U.S. agricultural biotech product exports. This article identifies key markets for U.S. agricultural exports including biotech commodities and discusses current and proposed biotech policies in key markets for U.S. agricultural exports focusing on Canada, Mexico, Japan, the European Union (EU), and China. Among these markets, labeling of biotech products is voluntary in Canada and Mexico but is mandatory in Japan, the EU, and, most recently, in China. For the EU, U.S. corn exports were almost completely shut out, while U.S. soybean exports also declined because of the EU's biotech policies. The World Trade Organization dispute filed by the United States has yet to be finalized. China's biotech regulations raised concern by U.S. agricultural exporters. However, through U.S. Department of Agriculture education programs, U.S.–China negotiations, and China's domestic soybean shortage, China's biotech regulations do not appear to have had long-run impacts on U.S. soybean exports to China.

scholarly journals Import substitution strategies in the global economy: lessons for Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-402
Author(s):  
A. Sh. Subhonberdiev ◽  
A. N. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World

The world experience of implementation of import substitution strategy is being studied; reveals the essence of the main models; Identify those aspects that will prove useful in modern Russian conditions. The development of import-substituting industries according to the intra-oriented strategy is carried out in order to develop exclusively the domestic market of the country. From the point of view of the national economy, this strategy leads to the preservation of the backlog, primarily in the field of technological and scientific-technical cooperation and prevents the emergence of industries in the economy-locomotives that can ensure the world level of progress. The use of this model of import substitution has become a determining trend in the development of the so-called new industrial countries (NIS).The intra-oriented strategy of import substitution plays a stimulating role in creating a diversified national economy, expanding the production of important goods on its own. The conceptual basis for the implementation of this strategy was the theory of the peripheral economy, developed by a group of Latin American scientists headed by the Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission. According to this concept, the demand for products. The use of the designated model of import substitution has become a trend of development of the so-called new industrial countries of Latin America. Another option for the implementation of import substitution policy can be a strategy of foreign-oriented import substitution, which is characterized by the achievement of structural changes in the economy through the replacement of imported components and parts in export products. Implementation of import-substituting policy, according to this model, involves the development of production of national goods on a sufficiently large domestic market, followed by their promotion on the world market.

scholarly journals Might Europe one day again be a global scientific powerhouse? Analysis of ERC publications suggests it will not be possible without changes in research policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro ◽  
Ricardo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Basic Medical ◽  
The Eu

Numerous EU documents praise the excellence of EU research without empirical evidence and in contradiction of academic studies. We investigated research performance in two fields of high socioeconomic importance, advanced technology and basic medical research, in two sets of European countries, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain (GFIS), and the UK, Netherlands, and Switzerland (UKNCH). Despite their historical and geographical proximity, research performance in GFIS is much lower than in UKNCH, and well below the world average. Funding from the European Research Council (ERC) greatly improves performance in both GFIS and UKNCH, but ERC-GFIS publications are less cited than ERC-UKNCH publications. We conclude that research performance in GFIS and in other EU countries is intrinsically low, even in highly selected and generously funded projects. The technological and economic future of the EU depends on improving research, which requires structural changes in research policy within the EU, and in most EU countries.

scholarly journals Non-Tariff Measures in Indian Context and the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rakhi Singh ◽  
Seema Sharma ◽  
Deepak Tandon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Eu

Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. In line with global trade trends, Indian export sector has been growing and contributing significantly to the economy. Given its exports structure, India is well positioned to benefit from the structural changes in technology and emerging forces of globalization. Indian economy has shown remarkable progress in terms of foreign trade after the introduction of economic reforms in 1991. The European Union (EU) is a very important trading partner of India. The trade volumes between India and EU have shown remarkable improvement in last one and a half decade. After starting out at a relatively low level in the 1990’s, the trade volumes, both with respect to Indian exports to the EU as well as with respect to Indian imports from the EU, started to increase most noticeably after the year 2001.Use of non-tariff measures (NTMs) as means of protection has captured a lot of focus after reduction of tariffs in the world trade. India even after being a strategic partner for European Union (EU) has to face lot of NTMs on its exports. Based on studies in the past, link between the incidence of NTMs imposed by the home country and the income level of the foreign country has been established. The interplay of incidence of NTMs and the GDP remains largely unexplored in the context of India-EU trade relationship. This paper tries to fill this gap and show the importance of the study in policy decisions. Authors have used UNCTAD’s NTM data and Spearman’s correlation coefficient to measure the strength and direction of the relationship between incidence of NTM with per capita GDP of the exporting country (India). The authors have used different permutations of data from the main data set (1994-95 to 2016-17) for analysis and have concluded that incidence of NTMs on Indian exports to EU is positively co-related to the per capita GDP of India.

MÁS ALLÁ DE PAMPLONA (NUEVA GRANADA): CIRCUITOS CACAOTEROS DEL SUROCCIDENTE DURANTE LA TRANSICIÓN, 1790-1821

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Granados ◽  
José Joaquín Pinto
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
New Granada ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nueva Granada

AbstractThis article seeks to analyze the cocoa circuits during the final years of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, the transition towards independence and the beginning of the world cocoa crisis in 1820. Added to the traditional circuits of Guayaquil and Maracaibo linked with Pamplona, the article identifies circuits that were speculated to exist in the southwest of New Granada, but because they did not move large volumes, they were not considered for production statistics. These small productions supplied the domestic market, also exported or integrated into circuits from other places that had better interactions in international markets. It is not a microhistory of cocoa in remote regions, it is the history of a cocoa overshadowed by the visibility of others.

scholarly journals Tendencje na rynku mięsa drobiowego na świecie i w Polsce w latach 2000-2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (3) ◽  
pp. 268-278
Author(s):  
Stanisław Stańko ◽  
Aneta Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
The Eu

The study presents changes in the broiler meat market in the world in 2000-2016. Changes in production, consumption, foreign trade in general as well as in the largest producers and consumers, exporters and importers and in Poland were presented. In the world's major broiler meat producers, production growth was faster than consumption growth, which increased their export capacity. Meat supply in the world markets was concentrated while demand was more fragmented. In 2016 the share of the three largest exporters (USA, Brazil and EU) in world exports was 76.5% and the share of the top three importers was 29.5%. Prices of broiler meat were characterized by an upward trend. The annual growth rate of world prices was 4.2%, in the EU - 1.7%, and in Poland - 1.1%. As a result, the differences between the higher prices in the EU and the world have decreased. In Poland there was an upward trend in production, consumption and exports. Foreign markets are the main direction for the development of growing poultry meat production in Poland. These changes were the result of price competitiveness of Polish broiler meat, both on the EU and other markets. In 2016, poultry prices in the EU were 49.8% higher than in Poland. The world prices were also higher by 18.8%. By 2026 further growth in poultry production in Poland may be possible resulting mainly from foreign demand.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
State Level ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
National Wealth ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
World Markets

The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of investment potential of the national economy. It is substantiated that in the conditions of decentralization of power and finances there is a need for structural changes and diversification of economic activities not only at the state level, but also at the local and meso levels. It is proved that the investment potential is associated with national wealth and gross domestic product. It has been found that the largest share of fixed assets of Ukraine is concentrated in industry. As a result of the research, it is proved that in terms of assessing the investment potential through the national wealth and fixed assets of Ukraine, industry is the dominant imperative, which should be considered transport with related economic activities and administrative support services. It is justified that the revealed dynamics of the recession of the industrial sector of the Ukrainian economy has taken place in combination with the deterioration of price dynamics in key commodity markets of national exports. It is proposed to improve the position of Ukraine in world markets, it is necessary to intensify cooperation between business (owners), government and civil society in the development and adoption of national and territorial program documents.

scholarly journals Die Privatisierung des mexikanischen Ejido

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (126) ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
Susanne Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
The Political ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

The article starts with an introduction into the structural changes on the world markets of agrarian goods occurred since the 1970s and its effects for the Mexican agrarian sector. As a consequence of the political shift towards an export oriented model in the countryside the Ejido and the peasants became dysfunctional. In 1992, the reform of article 27 of the Mexican Constitution brings the agrarian reform to an end. The case study of Ejido Sayula/Jalisco highlights the social and political implications of this historical reform.

scholarly journals Supply chain management in the aspect of globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04031
Author(s):  
Zdenka Vidrova
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Global Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
International Borders ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Demand Information

The world of logistics has also changed considerably thanks to globalization. The most important term of logistics is the supply chain (SC). With the advent of globalization, managing SC activities has become more complex. Supply chain management (SCM) is an integral part of most businesses and is essential to company success and customer satisfaction. Supply chains (SCs) represents the paths between suppliers and buyers (customers or consumers). The role of (SCs) is to ensure a product from inception all the way into a consumer´s hands. Marketing plays an increasingly important role in the process; it balances procurement by providing essential demand information and building the relationships that help improve the efficiency of SC operations. In order to reach as many markets as possible, these products must cross international borders. Without SCs, the products that suppliers produce would not efficiently get out into the world markets therefore are vital for markets all over the world. The aims of the paper are following: to define the concept of SC and SCM, to list what advantages arising from participation in global supply chain and finally, to refer the mistakes made by companies operating in international markets in SCM.

scholarly journals Measuring income inequality: comparative datasets and methodological deficiencies. An overview of income inequality in Romania during postsocialism

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Ionuţ-Marian Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Capitalism ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe article delineates the main methodological deficiencies and datasets available for comparing income inequality at the European and world level. The article is divided in two parts. In the first part of the article, I present the main datasets and methodological deficiencies when trying to compare income inequality in the world. Although efforts have been made in the last decades to generate comparative databases, the qualities of some indicators are rather doubtful and also there is no common ground on conceptualizing inequality indicators and measuring them, some of which are income-based, while others are household expenditure-based. Then, I present two classical studies on studying income inequality after the Washington consensus. In the second part of the article I sketch an overview of rising income inequality in Romania after 1989 by presenting some income inequality indicators and comparing them with other former CEE countries. However, I will pinpoint that Romania’s case is rather exceptional in the EU and, when comparing standard income inequality indicators, further explication needs to be delivered. I conclude that while income inequality is the result of macro-structural changes that occurred during the transition to market capitalism, political decisions are not to be played-down.

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