scholarly journals Sources of variability of growth and body development traits of Simmental bulls in performance test

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
M. Lazarevic ◽  
D. Niksic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
N. Stanisic ◽  
N. Delic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Gain

To test the variability of traits of Simmental bulls in performance test, data of the Livestock - Veterinary Centres for Reproduction and Artificial Insemination of Velika Plana and Krnjaca were used. In the analysis, data on 113 performance tested bulls born from 2008 to 2009 were used. The analysis included two sets of characteristics: body development traits and growth traits. The average body mass of calves entering the test was 195.75 kg, while the body mass at the end of the test was 476.50 kg, average daily gain in the test was 1138.69 g. Average values of body development traits measured at the end of the test, with 12 months of age were: height at withers 127.13 cm, chest circumference 179.42 cm, the chest depth 61.19 cm and body length 151.34 cm. The influence of their sires, the year and the Centre on the variability of traits was studied. The effect of age is present at a high level of statistical significance (p<0.01) for all traits that are registered at the end of the test, while the effect of the Centre was present in the variability of body mass at the end of the test, the daily gain in the test and the length of the body. The bulls-sires' influence was demonstrated (p<0.05) on the variability in body mass of calves entering the test.

scholarly journals Source of variation and heritability of directly measured traits in performance testing of Simmental bulls

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Vladan Bogdanovic
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Almost All

In order to study the variability and heritability of directly measured traits (growth and body development traits) in performance test of Simmental bulls the data on 371 bulls born and tested over the period of 13 years were used in the analysis. The data were analyzed in order to estimate year and month of calving, herd of origin and group in test effect as well as error components. The components of variance were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methodology applied to sire model. The year and month of birth had different effect on the variability of the growth traits, while the herd of origin and the test group manifested a consistent, highly significant effect on those growth traits which they could have an effect on. On the other hand, all the body development traits were under a constant and highly significant effect manifested by the year of calving, while the month of calving manifested its effect, during test, at different levels of statistical significance. A decreased effect of herd of origin on almost all body dimensions from the start until the end of performance test was universally observed. Heritability estimates for pre-test ADG, in-test and lifetime ADG were 0.27, 0.39 and 0.29, respectively. Heritability estimates for body weights were 0.23, 0.25, and 0.30 for birth weight, test-on weight, and test-off weight, respectively. Heritability estimates for test-off height at withers, circumference of chest, depth of chest and body length were 0.43, 0.30, 0.33 and 0.29.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Aceh Jantan yang Diberi Imbangan Antara Hijauan dan Konsentrat di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Indrapuri

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunasri Usman ◽  
Eka Meutia Sari ◽  
Nuzul Fadilla
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Research Analysis

The evaluation of the Aceh cattle bulls weight which compensated between forage and concentrate at Superior Livestock Place in IndrapuriABSTRACT. This research was conducted at Superior Livestock Place in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar  which lasted for 42 days. It was started on November 28th 2012 until January 9th 2013. This research was aims to know about the average daily gain for Aceh cattle bulls which compensated between forage and concentrate by using 12 bulls aged 2-2,5 years old. The design was used a Randomized Design Groups with 4 feed treatments and 3 repetitions. The feed percentages between forage and concentrate are ration A (100% forages), B (80%)forages and 20% concentrates), C (60% forages and 40% concentrates), and D (40% forages and 60% concentrates). The research analysis data were obtained by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The parameters which observed in this study was the average daily gain, consumption, conversion, and efficiency rations. The result showed that the ration dry matter intake highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (4,45 Kg), and B (3,61 Kg), C (2,72 Kg), and D (3,38 Kg), but the treatment B and D highly significantly than treatment C (P0,01), the best ration consumption were derived from treatment C. The body weight Kg/bull/day significantly (P0,05) between treatment A (0,47 Kg) and B (0,65 Kg), C (0,60 Kg), and D (0,61 Kg), the best average daily gain were derived from treatment B. The conversion ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (9,55 Kg), and B (5,55 Kg), C (4,60 Kg), and D (5,59 Kg), the best ration conversion were derived treatment C. Similarly, the efficiency ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (0,11%), and B (0,18%), C (0,22%), and D (0,18%), C is the best ration efficiency on the treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of rearing system on growth of bulls in performance test

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Milan Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Test System ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Origin Group ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Beef Bulls

Data on 643 beef bulls were used in order to analyze influence of rearing system or herd of origin on growth traits (average daily gain and body masses) of beef bulls in performance test (Marchigiana, n= 181, Chianina, n=240, Romagnola, n=222). Several fixed or random effects, such as breed, type of rearing or herd of origin, group, parity and twinning, were included in two statistical models. According to rearing system (in stall, on pasture or mixed) it should be pointed out that several different sources of variation for growth traits evince statistical significance. Also, herd of origin represents very significant source of variation for all included traits. The main difference between those two factors (type of rearing system or herd of origin) is that influence of rearing system decreased during the test, while the effect of herd of origin remained until the end of test. It was concluded that the adequate determination of non-genetic sources of variation referring to the pre-test system of rearing might be of crucial importance for ranking potential sires.

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR POSTWEANING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BACKCROSS BULLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of pretest and genotype × environment (GE) interactions of 137 reciprocal backcross bulls produced under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta) were evaluated for postweaning performance traits. Differences in weaning weight and average daily gain during the pretest periods defined as preweaning (ADGBW), weaning to on-test (ADGWT), and birth to on-test (ADGBT) associated with the fixed effects of station of origin, breed cross and station of origin by test were not significant. Station of test effects were significant (P = 0.0001) for ADGWT and ADGBT. None of the GE interactions involving the station of origin was significant (P > 0.10) for the postweaning growth traits and probabilities exceeded 0.20 for all but three of the 40 traits. The GE interactions involving station of test were nonsignificant (P > 0.20) for all but eight traits. All of these exceptions involved the cumulative average daily gain in the eight periods which excluded the first 14 d of test. Although the GE interaction for average daily gain for 140 d of test was not significant there were substantial breed cross differences in growth rates at the two test locations. Users of performance test results, however, are generally concerned with absolute performance values, not statistically significant differences. Viewed in this context, the differential responses of genotypes under different test environments, even though statistically nonsignificant, could have important implications to the industry. Key words: Cattle, postweaning growth, genotype × environment interaction

scholarly journals Pola Pengembangan dan Produktivitas Sapi Potong Program Kemitraan Bina Lingkungan di Kabupaten Banyumas dan Cilacap Propinsi Jawa Tengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Sodiq ◽  
Pambudi Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Java ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Partnership Program ◽  
Central Java Province

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pola pengembangan dan produktivitas sapi potong pada Program Kemitraan Bina Lingkungan. Penelitian lapang melalui survei dengan metode Purposive sampling ditujukan kepada seluruh peternak sapi potong peserta Program Kemitraan Bina Lingkungan (PKBL) berlokasi di Kabupaten Banyumas dan Cilacap Propinsi Jawa-Tengah. Analisis statistik deskriptip kualitatip dan kuantitatip diterapkan pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa pola yang diterapkan adalah penggemukan dan pembesaran (Banyumas) dan penggemukan (Cilacap). Penggemukan intensip sapi persilangan Simental, Limosine, Charalois dengan periode 45-96 hari dipraktekkan di Cilacap, dan penggemukan sapi Madura, Bali dan persilangan Sumba Ongole untuk tujuan Idul Qurban dilakukan di Banyumas dengan periode penggemukan relatip panjang (4-10 bulan). Diperoleh rataan pertambahan bobot badan harian 0,99 kg (sapi Madura), 0,97 kg (sapi Bali) dan 1,3 kg (Sapi Persilangan Ongole) dengan BCS berkisar 5-7 (level medium-tinggi). Rataan pertambahan bobot badan harian sapi persilangan Simental, Limosine dan Charalois adalah 1,4 kg dengan BCS berkisar 7-8 (level tinggi).  (Development type and productivity of beef cattle at the community development partnership program in banyumas and cilacap regencies of Central-Java Province) ABSTRACT. The purposes of this study was to describe the developoment type and productivity of Beef Cattle at the Community Development Partnership Program. Purposive samping method was implemented by survey at the beef cattle farmers who are member of the Community Development Partnership Program located at Banyumas and Cilacap regencies of Central-Java province. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics were applied in this study. It is found  that fattening and growing type (in Banyumas) and fattening type (Cilacap) was practiced. Intensive fattening of Simental, Limosine, Charalois Cross cattle by 45-96 days of periods found in Cilacap, and extended fattening of Madura, Bali and Sumba Ongole Cross Cattle for Idul Qurban purposes found in Banyumas. Average daily gain was 0.99 kg (Madura Cattle), 0.97 kg (Bali Cattle) and 1.23 kg (Sumba Ongole Cross) with the Body Condition Score (BCS) of 5-7 (medium-high level). Average daily gain of Simental, Limosine and Charalois Cross Cattle was 1.54 kg with the BCS of 7-8 (high level).

scholarly journals Grid search approach to discriminate between old and recent inbreeding using phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarapol Sumreddee ◽  
El Hamidi Hay ◽  
Sajjad Toghiani ◽  
Andrew Roberts ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background Although inbreeding caused by the mating of animals related through a recent common ancestor is expected to have more harmful effects on phenotypes than ancient inbreeding (old inbreeding), estimating these effects requires a clear definition of recent (new) and ancient (old) inbreeding. Several methods have been proposed to classify inbreeding using pedigree and genomic data. Unfortunately, these methods are largely based on heuristic criteria such as the number of generations from a common ancestor or length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments. To mitigate these deficiencies, this study aimed to develop a method to classify pedigree and genomic inbreeding into recent and ancient classes based on a grid search algorithm driven by the assumption that new inbreeding tends to have a more pronounced detrimental effect on traits. The proposed method was tested using a cattle population characterized by a deep pedigree. Results Effects of recent and ancient inbreeding were assessed on four growth traits (birth, weaning and yearling weights and average daily gain). Thresholds to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes were trait-specific and varied across traits and sources of information. Using pedigree information, inbreeding generated in the last 10 to 11 generations was considered as recent. When genomic information (ROH) was used, thresholds ranged between four to seven generations, indicating, in part, the ability of ROH segments to characterize the harmful effects of inbreeding in shorter periods of time. Nevertheless, using the proposed classification method, the discrimination between new and old inbreeding was less robust when ROH segments were used compared to pedigree. Using several model comparison criteria, the proposed approach was generally better than existing methods. Recent inbreeding appeared to be more harmful across the growth traits analyzed. However, both new and old inbreeding were found to be associated with decreased yearling weight and average daily gain. Conclusions The proposed method provided a more objective quantitative approach for the classification of inbreeding. The proposed method detected a clear divergence in the effects of old and recent inbreeding using pedigree data and it was superior to existing methods for all analyzed traits. Using ROH data, the discrimination between old and recent inbreeding was less clear and the proposed method was superior to existing approaches for two out of the four analyzed traits. Deleterious effects of recent inbreeding were detected sooner (fewer generations) using genomic information than pedigree. Difference in the results using genomic and pedigree information could be due to the dissimilarity in the number of generations to a common ancestor. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with the identification of ROH segments and associated inbreeding could have an effect on the results. Potential biases in the estimation of inbreeding effects may occur when new and old inbreeding are discriminated based on arbitrary thresholds. To minimize the impact of inbreeding, mating designs should take the different inbreeding origins into consideration.

scholarly journals Body composition and net and dietary macrominerals requirements of Nellore steers under grazing

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Augusto César de Queiroz ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, K and Na) requirements of Nellore steers under grazing. Twenty four Nellore steers (371 ± 14 kg of BW and 26 mo old) were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), serving as a reference in subsequent study. The remaining 20 animals were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with four supplementation levels offer: 0.0 (mineral mixture - control), 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% of BW, with five replications. The supplements, based on ground corn, soybean meal and/or urea, were previously balanced to achieve an average daily gain of 350, 650 and 850g, respectively, for the different supplementation levels offer. The contents of macrominerals retained in the animal body were determined by regression equations of the macrominerals body content logarithm in function of the empty body weight logarithm (EBW). Net macrominerals requirements for a gain of 1kg of EBW were obtained using the equation Y'= b.10ª.Xb-1, with a and b, respectively, the intercept and the regression coefficient of the prediction equations of macrominerals in the animal body contents for each macromineral considered. The concentrations of all macrominerals, in the empty body weight and gain of the empty body weight, decreased with the increase in the body weight. Total calcium and phosphorus dietary requirements are higher than those recommended in the literature.

scholarly journals Influences of environment on the development and lifetime reproductive performance in domestic rabbit females

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Savietto ◽  
E. Martínez-Paredes ◽  
J.J. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Daily Gain

<p class="MDPI18keywords">Environmental insults of different nature and intensity, such as fluctuation in the air temperature, which can affect access to food, its quality and diseases, are a reality in any livestock system. This is much more important when the insults occur in early life, conditioning the development and adult life of animals. In ecology, for instance, it is widely accepted that high quality offspring are more reactive against predators, occupy better territories and find more mates, resulting in longer lives and greater fitness. It is also a given that adults exposed to famine or disease as juveniles have shorter lives and produce fewer offspring. To determine whether the environment influences the development and lifetime reproductive performance of rabbit females, we designed an experiment combining two factors: nest and pubescent development. Nest development was measured by recording the average daily gain of 864 females during suckling and during their pubescent life (63 to 184 d old), and body development was conditioned by providing animals a high-energy control (C) or a fibre-rich (F) diet. However, in the course of the study, 191 of the 864 pubescent females were exposed to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). This unexpected environmental insult was considered as a third experimental factor influencing the reproductive performance of rabbit females. Contrary to expectation, fast suckling gain impairs reproductive lifespan, resulting in fewer newborn kits produced in a female lifetime. Although females on diet F lived 37 d longer than females on diet C, this difference was only perceived in their pubescent life. In addition, the exposure to RHD interacted with suckling gain (SG). Exposed females with a fast SG produced more kits as adults, but in the absence of the virus, high SG females produced fewer newborn kits. These results open new insights into the management of future breeders during nesting and pubescent life.</p>

scholarly journals Estado nutricional e desfechos clínicos em pacientes críticos internados em hospital universitário

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Edcleide Oliveira dos Santos Olinto ◽  
Gina Araújo Martins Feitosa ◽  
Izaura Odir Lima Gomes da Costa ◽  
Janine Maciel Barbosa ◽  
Ericka Vilar Bôtto Targino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

Introduction: There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and increased length of hospitalization and morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that malnourished patients can have up to twenty times more complications than eutrophic ones. In critically ill patients, there is a tendency to catabolism, resulting in the loss of lean body mass, which when it reaches 40% is usually lethal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted on adults from both genders, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, from March to December 2018. The following variables were collected from the evaluation and nutritional records: length of hospitalization in the ICU, date of discharge or death, nutritional risk through specific screening, height, weight and arm circumference (AC). For the screening, the Nutric score was used. For the nutritional evaluation, the body mass index (BMI) and AC indicators and the classifications recommended by the World Health Organization (2004) and Blackburn and Thornton (1979) were used. After collecting the data, they were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 and for the association of the variables the Chi-square test was used, considering statistical difference when the p value <0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 116 patients, mostly female (53.4%) whose median age was 46 years (interquartile range IQR 31-53). Regarding the frequency of nutritional risk, most patients (61.5%) had a low score. There was an important frequency of malnutrition, according to the AC indicator (73%), although BMI (43.5%) showed eutrophy. Even though most patients had low nutritional risk, those with high nutritional risk (38.5%) had a higher tendency to mortality, however, not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). There was also a tendency of association between death and malnutrition, although no statistical significance was shown(p> 0.05). Conclusion: Patients at nutritional risk and/or malnutrition appear to be vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIMMENTAL BULLS DEPENDING ON PROGENY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
Daily Gain

In dairy cattle breeding, selection and breeding work is widely used in order to transfer the pedigree qualities of parents to the offspring and obtain highly productive young animals. In this regard, in the conditions of «Enbek» LLP in the Akmola region, the growth and development of young Simmental breed depending on the origin was studied. Live weight of Litera line young animals at birth was 33.4 kg, at the age of 6 months-174.9, 12 months-251.8, 18 months-387.1 kg, respectively, Wildfang bull 32.0 kg, 165.5 kg, 251.3 kg, 378.6 kg. The average daily gain between the ages of birth and 6 months was increased. With age, the body parameters, height at the withers, increased from 104.3 cm and 103.5 cm to 125.4 cm and 123.9 cm, respectively, from 6 months to 18 months of young animals. According to the physique indices, we can say that the young Simmental breed is balanced. Only some deviations of the leggy index are observed from the optimal indicators. The index of legginess decreases with age by 7.7%, with indicators of 6 months – by 57%, at the age of 18 months-by 49.3%. The extension index for the period from 6 to 18 months increased by 10.5%, respectively, for 6 months-by 103.3%, for 18 months-by 113.8%. With age and an increase in live weight, the body of young animals lengthens, its width increases, the animal becomes deeper and relatively long-legged. Depending on the origin, we suggest using the Litera bull line, taking into account the growth and development of young animals, and the productivity indicators of bulls.

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