scholarly journals Our experience with peroral application of ivermektin in therapy of swine endoparasitosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Ivan Pavlovic ◽  
Misa Lazarevic ◽  
Mirjana Trifunovic ◽  
Aleksandar Cvetkovic ◽  
Milutin Cukic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Successful Therapy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parasite Infections

Endoparasitic infections present a frequent health problem among swine maintained on farms, with ascariasis and esophagostamosis being the most frequent diseases. There are several valid methods in curbing parasites in swine - peroral application of antiparasitics and their subcutaneous application. Ivermektin is an antiparasitic with a wide range of effects which is successfully used in curbing ecto and endoparasites in swine and other animals. Ivermektin has so far primarily been applied subcutaneously which required considerable efforts and the engagement of numerous staff in therapy of large agglomerations of frarm animals. In recent years Ivermektin has appeared in powder form that is mixed in feed which largely facilitates therapy and the prevention of ecto and endoparasitoses in farm animals. In order to examine the efficiency of the peroral application of Ivermektin in treating endoparasitic infections, our paper presents the curbing of acradosis and esophagostamosis in farm swine using peroral application of Ivermektin (Ivermektin-P, Hemovet, Vrsac). Four control examinations after therapy did not reveal any parasite infections, which is evidence that Ivermektin is absolutely efficient when applied perorally. On the grounds of the obtained results, we are of the opinion that the peroral application of Ivermektin is a successful therapy of endoparasitic infections in swine, which is not in any way less efficient than its subcutaneous application. The peroral application of Ivermektin largely facilitates therapy and the prevention of parasitic infections on farms with large agglomerations of animals.

Justification of the need to improve the legal, regulatory and methodological framework for the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
M. M. Aslanova ◽  
T. V. Gololobova ◽  
K. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Tamari R. Maniya ◽  
D. V. Rakitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Medical Network ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. The purpose of our work was to justify the need to improve the legislative, regulatory and methodological framework and preventative measures in relation to the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care. There is a wide range of pathogens of parasitic infestations that are transmitted to humans through various medical manipulations and interventions carried out in various medical institutions. Contaminated care items and furnishings, medical instruments and equipment, solutions for infusion therapy, medical personnel’s clothing and hands, reusable medical products, drinking water, bedding, suture and dressing materials can serve as a major factor in the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care. Purpose of research is the study of the structure and SMP of parasitic origin, circulating on the objects of the production environment in multi-profile medical and preventive institutions of stationary type in order to prevent the occurrence of their spread within medical institutions. Material and methods. The material for the study was flushes taken from the production environment in 3 multi-profile treatment and prevention institutions of inpatient type: a multi-specialty hospital, a maternity hospital and a hospital specializing in the treatment of patients with intestinal diseases for the eggs of worms and cysts of pathogenic protozoa. Results. During the 2-year monitoring of medical preventive institutions, a landscape of parasitic contamination was found to be obtained from the flushes taken from the production environment objects in the premises surveyed as part of the research work. Discussions. In the course of research, the risk of developing ISMP of parasitic origin was found to be determined by the degree of epidemiological safety of the hospital environment, the number and invasiveness of treatment and diagnostic manipulations and various medical technologies. Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct an expert assessment of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and hygienic measures for the prevention of medical aid related infections of parasitic origin, to optimize the regulatory and methodological base, to develop a number of preventive measures aimed at stopping the spread of parasitic infections in the medical network.

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

scholarly journals Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Veronica Folliero ◽  
Carla Zannella ◽  
Annalisa Chianese ◽  
Debora Stelitano ◽  
Annalisa Ambrosino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Molecular Volume ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Wide Range

Despite advances in medical knowledge, parasitic diseases remain a significant global health burden and their pharmacological treatment is often hampered by drug toxicity. Therefore, drug delivery systems may provide useful advantages when used in combination with conventional therapeutic compounds. Dendrimers are three-dimensional polymeric structures, characterized by a central core, branches and terminal functional groups. These nanostructures are known for their defined structure, great water solubility, biocompatibility and high encapsulation ability against a wide range of molecules. Furthermore, the high ratio between terminal groups and molecular volume render them a hopeful vector for drug delivery. These nanostructures offer several advantages compared to conventional drugs for the treatment of parasitic infection. Dendrimers deliver drugs to target sites with reduced dosage, solving side effects that occur with accepted marketed drugs. In recent years, extensive progress has been made towards the use of dendrimers for therapeutic, prophylactic and diagnostic purposes for the management of parasitic infections. The present review highlights the potential of several dendrimers in the management of parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1468
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Ansari ◽  
Jawed Akhtar Samo ◽  
Mohammad Aslam Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Parasite Infections

Background: Worldwide, intestinal parasitic infections are major causeof human mortality and morbidity especially among developing countries wherein publichealth standards are not much better like developed countries. Intestinal parasiticinfections are linked with poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, inadequate dietaryand cultural habits and climate conditions. Objective: To assess the frequency, riskfactors and clinical manifestations related to intestinal parasite infections in patients withgastrointestinal disorders. Study Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study. Setting:Department of Medicines, Chandka Medical College Larkana and Civil Hospital, KhairpurMirs. Period: 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Method: 260 patients, the patientswith gastrointestinal disorders presenting one or more symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, dysentery,abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, cramping and constipation) were included.Results: Frequency of intestinal parasites was 32.3%. The most common parasites wereEntamoeba histolytica (10.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (6.9%). Age,education, monthly income and contact with animal were significantly associated withintestinal parasite infections. Concerning symptoms, the presence of intestinal parasitesinfection was significantly associated with diarrhea and dysentery. Conclusion: Studyconcluded that most prevalent parasites were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambliaand Hymenolepis nana. Significant association was found in age, education and monthlyincome.

scholarly journals Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Nutritional Status to Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Simo, Boyolali

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sherlina Rintik Tirta Ayu ◽  
Sri Haryati ◽  
Yulia Sari ◽  
Sutartinah Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Students ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Parasite Infections

<p>Intestinal parasitic infections are caused by protozoa, STH and non-STH worms. Immunity, which can be determined by measuring nutritional status, and personal hygiene can affect the occurrence of intestinal parasite infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and nutritional status against intestinal parasite infections in elementary school students in Simo Boyolali. This type of analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. Total sampling was taken at elementary school of Wates, Talakbroto 1, and Kedunglengkong 1 Simo, Boyolali. There were 11 students with worms infections, 16 with protozoa infections, and 4 with worms and protozoa infection. There was a relationship between washing hands before eating (p = 0.004), after eating (0.027), after defecating (p = 0.04), biting nails (p = 0.008), wearing footwear when leaving the house (p = 0.008) , removing shoes while playing during school breaks (p = 0.001), and nutritional status (p = 0.002) with intestinal parasite infection. There was no relationship between nail clipping once a week (p = 0.118) and the availability of a latrine (p = 0.416) with intestinal parasitic infections. So, there is a relationship between personal hygiene (washing hands before eating, after eating, after defecating, biting nails, wearing footwear when leaving the house, removing shoes when playing during school breaks, and nutritional status) and intestinal parasitic infections.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords<strong>:</strong> elementary school; protozoa; worms.</p>

Homeopathy in parasitic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (40) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
Denise Lessa Aleixo ◽  
Leoni Vilano Bonamin ◽  
Silvana Marques De Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Main Effects

Introduction: The use of homeopathic medicines has increased, once traditional medicines sometimes do not produce the desired effects and because side effects sometimes compromise the treatment. In recent years, research on homeopathy has clearly developed, both in the implementation of more consistent methodologies and in the description of the data and published methods, improvement are still required in these matters. The acknowledgment of homeopathy depends on the credibility of the groups researching this topic Objective: list and criticize articles highlighting main effects, schedule of treatment and potencies used in different animals models. Material and Methods: A review of articles published since 2000 in journals indexed in the PubMed/Scielo databases was performed. Keywords used were parasitosis/homeopathy and parasitosis/ultra-diluted, in English and Portuguese. Specialized journals such as Homeopathy, International Journal of High Dilution Research, and Brazilian Homeopathic Journal were also used. The contents of each issue of these journals were examined for the "Use of highly diluted medication in parasitic infections." Results and Discussion: Thirty nine papers have been gathered. The methodology of the articles surveyed did not meet the requirements listed in the REHBaR[1]. Thirty seven reports have shown the benefits/effects of highly diluted medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases. In models where experimental conditions are carefully controlled, the conclusions follow the same pattern as those observed in the treatment of farm animals, where, even without completely controlled conditions, clinical result is positive. In fourteen reports using the same model, eight where animals were treated in a constant and prolonged way shown a better result, compared with six reports in which animals were treated for a short period of time, receiving a single daily dose. Several authors have conducted clinical trials using commercial formulas, which do not always provide their composition and/or dynamization, making it difficult to reproducing the experiment. In some of the articles, it was not mentioned if the experiments were repeated at least twice. Conclusions: In parasitic infections, the effect of homeopathic medications is still controversial, and the experimental parameters for evaluation shoud be carefully chosen to avoid isolated analyses of data. Researchers should consider results regarding environmental and sanitary conditions of the animal as a whole. The improvement of techniques and expansion of knowledge about highly diluted medicines may lead to a viable alternative to treat parasitic infections. Precise and detailed descriptions will contribute to advances in the use of homeopathy, so that the wider community can benefit, in practice, from these findings. Keywords: homeopathy, parasitic infections, CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine). Reference [1] Lüdtke R, Musial F, Wijk R, Witt C, Baumgartner S. Reporting experiments in homeopathic basic research (REHBaR) – A detailed guideline for authors. Homeopathy. 2009; 98:287-298.

Infections of the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Françoise Gray ◽  
Kum Thong Wong ◽  
Francesco Scaravilli ◽  
Leroy R. Sharer
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
System P ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Agent

This chapter describes and illustrates the different lesions observed in CNS infections. A wide variety of pathogenic infectious organisms may affect the CNS. They can be classified as “pathogenic” (causing disease in every individual) or “opportunistic” (affecting only patients with immunodeficiency). Bacteria may cause pyogenic infections or so-called “specific infections,” in which the morphology of the lesions is suggestive of a specific agent. Mycoses and parasitic infections used to be uncommon, restricted to certain countries; however, due to increasing incidence of immunodeficiency conditions and intercontinental travel, they are now more frequently encountered. Viral infections of the CNS cause nonspecific lesions due to immune-mediated reactions or more specific encephalitides. In AIDS, infection by the human immunodeficiency virus causes a unique encephalitis and immunodeficiency with a wide range of secondary opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals The expanding role(s) of eosinophils in health and disease

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (19) ◽  
pp. 3882-3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Jacobsen ◽  
Richard A. Helmers ◽  
James J. Lee ◽  
Nancy A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Medical Graduate ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Consensus Opinion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Healthy Persons

Abstract Surprisingly, the role(s) of eosinophils in health and disease is often summarized by clinicians and basic research scientists as a pervasive consensus opinion first learned in medical/graduate school. Eosinophils are rare white blood cells whose activities are primarily destructive and are only relevant in parasitic infections and asthma. However, is this consensus correct? This review argues that the wealth of available studies investigating the role(s) of eosinophils in both health and disease demonstrates that the activities of these granulocytes are far more expansive and complex than previously appreciated. In turn, this greater understanding has led to the realization that eosinophils have significant contributory roles in a wide range of diseases. Furthermore, published studies even implicate eosinophil-mediated activities in otherwise healthy persons. We suggest that the collective reports in the literature showing a role for eosinophils in an ever-increasing number of novel settings highlight the true complexity and importance of this granulocyte. Indeed, discussions of eosinophils are no longer simple and more often than not now begin with the question/statement “Did you know …?”

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal parasites in feral cats and rodents from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Fernando Santana Lima ◽  
Rafael Antonio Nascimento Ramos ◽  
Raphael Lepold ◽  
João Carlos Gomes Borges ◽  
Carlos Diógenes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Fernando De Noronha ◽  
Parasite Infections

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites are important pathogens affecting animals, some of them are of medical and veterinary concern. Although the dynamic of parasitic infections is a complex phenomenon that has been studied under experimental conditions, it shows several gaps in knowledge, especially in insular regions where a confined population of animals and parasites co-exists. In this study was assessed the parasitism by endoparasite gastrointestinal in feral cats (n = 37) and rodents (n = 30) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; in addition, the risk of human infection and ecological implications of these findings were discussed. Out of all samples analysed, 100% scored positive for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in both feral cats and rodents. A total 17 genera and/or species of endoparasite gastrointestinal were identified, Ancylostoma sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris campanula and Toxocara cati were the parasites more frequently in feral cats. In rodents Eimeria sp., Strongyloides sp. and Trichuris muris were parasites more frequently herein detected. Human population living in this area are at risk of parasite infections due to the population of rodents and feral cats in the archipelago.

scholarly journals The Impact of Cooperative Social Organization on Reducing the Prevalence of Malaria and Intestinal Parasite Infections in Awramba, a Rural Community in South Gondar, Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebeyehu Yihenew ◽  
Haileeyesus Adamu ◽  
Beyene Petros
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
Cooperative Community ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South Gondar

Introduction.Parasitic diseases are the major causes of human health problem in Ethiopia. The high prevalence of parasitic infections is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene, and impoverished health services.Objective.The study was conducted to assess the impact of health-conscious Awramba cooperative community and its neighboring communities on the prevalence of parasitic infections in South Gondar, Ethiopia.Methods.Single stool specimens were collected from 392 individuals from Awramba and the neighboring communities. Specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasites using microscopy. Questionnaire was administered to determine the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of study participants.Results.Of the total 392 study participants examined, 58(14.8%) were positive for malaria and 173 (44.1%) for intestinal parasites. The prevalence of malaria in Awramba community (5.1%) was less than that in neighboring communities (24.5%). The prevalence of parasitic infections in Awramba (18.8%) was less than that of the neighboring communities (69.4%).Conclusion.This study showed that good household and environmental hygiene, good toilet construction and usage, and proper utilization of ITN in Awramba cooperative community have significantly contributed to the reduction of the burden of parasitic infections. Thus, the positive achievement in reducing parasitic infections in Awramba cooperative community could be used as a model for affordable health intervention in the neighboring communities, in particular, and the whole country in general.

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