Influence of Low Levels of Ochratoxin A on Egg Production, Egg-Shell Stains, and Serum Uric-Acid Levels in Leghorn-Type Hens

Prediabetes is a glucose homeostasis condition characterized by decreased absorption to glucose or reduced fasting glucose. Both of these are reversible stages of intermediate hyperglycaemia providing an increased type II DM risk. Pre-diabetes can therefore be viewed as a significant reversible stage which could lead to type II DM, and early detection of prediabetes may contribute to type II DM prevention. Prediabetes patients are at high risk for potential type II diabetes, and 70 percent of them appear to develop Type II diabetes within 10 years. The present study includes total 200 subjects that include 100 Prediabetic patients, 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy individual. Blood samples were collected from the subjects were obtained for FBS, PPBS, Uric acid and Creatinine estimation, from OPD and General Medicine Wards. Present study showed low levels of Serum Uric Acid in prediabetic and T2DM patients were decreased as compared to control group, while the level of creatinine in prediabetic and diabetic were elevated as compared to control group, were not statically significant. Serum Uric Acid was high in control group and low in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Serum creatinine was declined in control group and increased in prediabetic and diabetic patients with increasing Fasting blood glucose level.

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Threonine Requirements in Dietary Low Crude Protein for Laying Hens under High-Temperature Environmental Climate

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090586 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 586

Author(s):

Mahmoud Mostafa Azzam ◽

Rashed Alhotan ◽

Abdulaziz Al-Abdullatif ◽

Saud Al-Mufarrej ◽

Mohammed Mabkhot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Control Diet ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Quadratic Trend ◽

Coa Reductase

Lohmann Brown hens (n = 420), at 28 weeks of age, were divided into five dietary treatments, and each treatment included six replicates of 14 laying hens. Dietary crude protein (14%) was presented as the control diet. Dietary L-Thr was added to the control diet for 12 weeks. Dietary Thr levels are 0.43%, 0.49%, 0.57%, 0.66%, and 0.74%, based on digestible base. From 28 to 40 weeks, hen-day egg production presented a quadratic trend to supplementing dietary Thr (R2 = 0.96, p = 0.02), and reached a maximum level at 0.58%. Serum uric acid demonstrated a quadratic trend (R2 = 0.62, p = 0.02) at 0.59%. Both serum total cholesterol and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG-CoA) reductase showed lower levels (p < 0.05) at 0.66% Thr. Serum CuZn-SOD elevated (p < 0.05) at 0.49%, 0.57%, and 0.66% Thr, as compared to the control group, and showed a quadratic trend (R2 = 0.87, p = 0.003) at 0.56%. Supplemental L-Thr decreased (p < 0.05) the expression of ileal HSP70 at 0.66% Thr. In summary, the optimal dietary Thr requirements to optimize egg production, serum uric acid, and serum CuZn-SOD were 0.58%, 0.59%, and 0.56%, respectively, by regression analysis.

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Extremely Low Levels of Serum Uric Acid Are Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans

Circulation Journal ◽

10.1253/circj.cj-15-0232 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 978-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Tatsuya Iso ◽

Masahiko Kurabayashi

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Low Levels

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Associations between low levels of serum uric acid and cardiometabolic parameters

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.3109/13813455.2015.1069359 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sara Ciarla ◽

Paolo Giorgini ◽

Manuela Struglia ◽

Rinaldo Striuli ◽

Stefano Necozione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Low Levels

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Gene expression in the kidneys of broilers fed ochratoxin A for different time periods

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2014.1873 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 257-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.P. Zeferino ◽

K.D. Wells ◽

A.S.A.M.T. Moura ◽

R.A. Murarolli ◽

G.E. Rottinghaus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Time Periods

Consumption of ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminated diets by broilers results in economic losses to the poultry industry. This experiment evaluated the effects of quantity and time of exposure to dietary OTA on performance, organ weights, serum biochemistry, and renal gene expression of chicks. Determination of genes expressed in response to OTA will allow for the identification of pathways that are influenced by OTA. 180-day old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments (3 levels of OTA; 0, 1 and 2 mg OTA/kg diet and 3 time periods; 7, 14 and 21 days) with 4 replicate pens of 5 birds each per treatment. For RNA-sequencing analysis (RNA-Seq), kidney samples were collected weekly from 3 controls and 3 chicks fed 1 mg OTA/kg. NextGENe software was used for read alignment and transcript quantification. Birds fed 2 mg OTA/kg diet had decreased feed intake and body weight gain, and increased serum uric acid on days 14 and 21. Compared to controls, birds fed 2 mg OTA/kg diet also had poorer feed conversion and increased kidney weights. On day 21, birds fed 1 mg OTA/kg diet had decreased albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations. Genes associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were downregulated, and genes associated with the immune system were upregulated at days 7 and 14. Genes associated with lipid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation were also downregulated on day 14. These changes disappeared on day 21 suggesting that the kidney and other related organs were repaired or the damage was contained. In conclusion, decreased performance and increased kidney weight and serum uric acid in birds fed 2 mg OTA/kg confirmed the effects of OTA. Supplementation of 1 mg OTA/kg diet caused time-dependent alterations in renal gene expression in chicks.

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Hyperuricemia And Estimated Cardiovascular Risk Among Migrant and non-migrant Africans

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

C Agyemang ◽

M A M Mannens ◽

P Henneman ◽

E Beune ◽

K Meeks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Logistic Regressions ◽

Low Levels ◽

Study Participants ◽

Rodam Study

Abstract Objective In the advent of rapid urbanization, migration and epidemiological transition, the extent to which serum uric acid (sUA) affects cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Africans is not well understood. We assessed differences in sUA levels and associations with estimated CVD risk among migrant Ghanaians in Europe, and non-migrant Ghanaians in rural and urban Ghana. Methods Baseline data from 633 rural, 916 urban and 2315 migrant RODAM study participants (40-70 years) were analyzed. Hyperuricemia was defined as sUA >7mg/dl in males and >6mg/dl in females. Elevated CVD risk was defined as pooled cohort equation estimates ≥ 7.5%. Logistic regressions were used to assess differences in hyperuricemia and associations with estimated CVD risk. Receiver operator curves were used to calculate sUA cut off values that maximised likelihood of elevated CVD risk. Results Prevalence for hyperuricemia in rural, urban and migrant participants were 17.4%, 19.1% and 31.7% for men, and 15.9%, 18.2% and 33.2% for women, respectively. Hyperuricemia was positively associated with elevated CVD risk among rural residents(adjusted OR for men 2.88, 95%CI, 1.20-6.88, 5.32, 95%CI, 2.86-9.95 for women), urban residents(1.26, 95%CI, 0.59-2.69 for men, 2.41, 95%CI, 1.56-3.73 for women) and migrants(2.39, 95%CI, 1.57-3.64) for men, 3.74, 95%CI, 2.78-5.02 for women). SUA cut-off values were 6.8mg/dl in men and 5.2mg/dl in women. Conclusions Our study shows variations of sUA levels in different African contexts. Hyperuricemia is associated with elevated estimated CVD risk in both migrants and non-migrants. Further studies should identify factors driving associations between SUA and CVD risk in Africans. Key messages Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular risk in both migrants and non-migrants. Cardiovascular risk is seen at low levels of serum uric acid levels in Africans.

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Ontogeny and oestradiol dependence of vitamin D-binding protein blood levels in chickens

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1080081 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 81-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Y. Nys ◽

R. Bouillon ◽

H. Van Baelen ◽

J. Williams

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Sexual Maturity ◽

Egg Production ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Low Levels ◽

Egg Shell

ABSTRACT The concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-binding protein (DBP) was measured, by immunodiffusion, in the blood of chickens from embryonic stages to sexual maturity. Low levels of DBP and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were detectable in the blood of chick embryos from the 12th and 17th day of incubation respectively and stayed at the same low levels until hatching. The blood concentration of DBP doubled between the 1st and 5th days of life, then increased slowly and reached the mean level of the adult male at 7–8 weeks of age. The concentration of DBP was independent of vitamin D status in growing chickens. A large increase was observed in DBP blood levels in hens just before sexual maturity. This change, and those observed in moulting hens, followed the variations in plasma concentrations of oestradiol more closely than those of progesterone or testosterone. Moreover, a large increase in plasma DBP levels was induced in immature chickens by oestradiol (0·5 mg/day), but not by testosterone or progesterone. Finally, the experimental suppression of egg shell formation and the associated decrease in 1,25-(OH)2D3 plasma levels had no effect on plasma DBP concentrations. However, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and DBP levels were higher in hens laying shell-less eggs than in immature pullets. The increases in DBP levels at hatching, in immature pullets treated with oestrogens, in hens laying uncalcified eggs and at the onset of egg production were associated with increases in 1,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting a relationship between the levels of DBP and 1,25-(OH)2D3 in the blood. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 81–87

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