scholarly journals Association Between Active or Passive Smoking and Allergic Rhinitis: an Evidence-Based Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Lupita Reksodiputro ◽  
Thalia Mufida ◽  
Niken Poerbonegoro ◽  
Mirta Hediyati Reksodiputro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
University Of Oxford

This evidence-based case report (EBCR) aims to investigate the association between active or passive smoking with allergic rhinitis by summarizing existing studies on the topic. A literature search was done on major databases with keywords related to this study’s research question. The literature was appraised using CEBM University of Oxford for etiology study and systematic review sheets. The search obtained two articles for critical appraisal, includes a meta-analysis and a cohort study. The studies were appraised as valid, important, and applicable to the writer’s setting. Saulyte et al’ s2 article described RR active smoking with allergic rhinitis of 1.02 (95%CI 0.92-1.15), with no significant association. They resolved the heterogeneity by making subgroups. The cross-sectional subgroup with RR 1.09 (95%CI 1.06-1.12) is statistically significant. There was a significant association in passive smoking and obtained RR 1.10 (95%CI 1.06-1.15). In the study by Mlinaric et al4 the RR of active and passive smoking compared to non-smoker are 1.82 and 2.00; both show statistical significance. Both active and passive smoking is associated with a high risk of allergic rhinitis in adults and children. Keywords active smoking, passive smoking, allergic rhinitis.   Hubungan Perokok Aktif dan Pasif dengan Rhinitis Alergi: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti Abstrak Pada laporan kasus berbasis bukti ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan antara perokok aktif dan perokok pasif pada pasien dengan rinitis alergi. Dilakukan pencarian literatur menggunakan kata kunci yang berhubungan dengan kasus pada beberapa search engine, kemudian dilakukan penilaian kelayakan dengan lembar appraisal dari CEBM University of Oxford for etiology study and systematic review sheet. Dari pencarian didapatkan dua artikel yang mepresentasikan kasus tersebut, yaitu studi meta analisis dan studi cohort. Studi meta analisis oleh Saulyte et al2 menyatakan RR pada perokok aktif dengan rinitis alergi adalah 1,02 (95%CI 0,92-1,15). Pada subgrup potong lintang didapatkan perbedaan bermakna dengan RR 1,09 (95%CI 1,06-1,12). Pada studi cohort oleh Minaric et al didapatkan RR pada perokok aktif 1,82 dan pada perokok pasif 2,00, keduanya menunjukan angka yang signifikan. Pada perokok aktif dan pasif berhubungan dengan risiko tinggi pada rinitis alergi di pasien dewasa dan anak-anak. Kata kunci: perokok aktif, perokok pasif, rhinitis alergi.

scholarly journals Foetal Exposure to Maternal Passive Smoking Is Associated with Childhood Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Eczema

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Lee ◽  
T. H. Lam ◽  
T. H. Leung ◽  
W. H. S. Wong ◽  
M. Schooling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese Children

Objective. We examined the hypothesis that foetal exposure to maternal passive smoking is associated with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.Methods. The study was a population-based cross-sectional survey of Hong Kong Chinese children aged ≤14 years carried out in 2005 to 2006.Results. Foetal exposure to maternal passive smoking was significantly associated with wheeze ever (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.58–2.67), current wheeze (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.48–2.86), allergic rhinitis ever (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.09–1.37), and eczema ever (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.38–1.87). Foetal exposure to maternal active smoking was significantly associated with asthma ever (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.14–3.84), wheeze ever (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.27–4.78), and current wheeze (OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.24–6.01) but not with allergic rhinitis ever (OR 1.01; 95% CI 0.70–1.46) or eczema ever (OR 1.38; 95% CI 0.87–2.18). The dose response relationship between wheeze ever and current wheeze with increasing exposure, from no exposure to maternal passive smoking and then to maternal active smoking, further supports causality.Conclusion. There is significant association between foetal exposure to maternal passive smoking and maternal active smoking with childhood asthma and related atopic illnesses. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential causal relationship.

Early Childhood Caries and Iron Deficiency Anaemia : A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshini Nivetha Easwaran ◽  
Anitha Annadurai ◽  
M.S. Muthu ◽  
Aruna Sharma ◽  
Sneha S. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Identification of the association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) will aid pediatricians and pediatric dentists to enhance health promotion measures to reduce the related morbidity in children. This systematic review aims to determine an evidence based association between ECC and IDA. A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Oral Health Group’s Specialised Register, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science and Scopus up to May 2020. Hand searching and grey literature screening were also conducted. Cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies in English language which assessed the association was included. Two reviewers independently assessed the study quality and extracted the outcome data. A total of 1434 studies were identified. Fourteen studies qualified for qualitative review and seven of them for a meta-analysis. In comparison with children not affected by ECC, those affected had an increased likelihood of IDA (OR = 6.07 (3.61, 10.21). The meta- analysis showed no statistical difference when comparing blood parameters (Hb, MCV and Serum ferritin) in children with and without ECC. This systematic review demonstrates an association between ECC and increased odds of IDA rather than it being the cause for IDA. Further longitudinal studies with robust methodology are required to determine an evidence based association.

Abstract P269: Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and the Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-cause Mortality: A Systematic Review

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Esther Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stiffness Evaluation ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is widely used as an index of arteriosclerosis and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was developed as a measurement of arterial stiffness that is independent of blood pressure at the time of arterial stiffness evaluation. The associations of CAVI with CVD events and all-cause mortality have not been extensively assessed. We therefore systematically reviewed the studies reporting CAVI and relevant outcomes. Methods: We searched for both prospective and cross-sectional studies using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to April 11, 2017. Two independent reviewers screened the retrieved papers, extracted relevant data and assessed the risk of bias. Any discrepancy was solved by discussion or a third reviewer. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the I 2 statistic. We pooled the results of studies that were sufficiently homogeneous. Results: Among 1,519 records, we identified 9 cohort studies (n=5,292) and 17 cross-sectional eligible studies (n=7,309). All 9 cohort studies reported the outcome of composited CVD (498 cases), but the categorization/modeling of CAVI was not consistent across those studies. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of CVD for the highest vs. lowest CAVI category in 3 studies was borderline significant (pooled HR=1.34 [0.95, 1.87], p=0.092) (I 2 = 25.2%, p=0.263). For 3 studies examining the continuous association between CAVI and CVD, 1standard deviation (SD) increment of CAVI was significantly associated with CVD risk (pooled HR=1.22 [1.03, 1.45], p=0.023) (I 2 = 27.1%, p=0.253). Only 3 cohort studies investigated CAVI and all-cause mortality, and none of them reported a significant association. All 17 cross-sectional studies reported higher CAVI values in patients with CVD compared to those without CVD, with statistical significance in most studies. Conclusions: CAVI was generally higher in patients with CVD compared to their counterparts. In terms of the prospective prognostic value of CAVI, we found a limited number of studies, but they indicated a modest association between CAVI and CVD risk. Our systematic review highlighted the need for large prospective studies to assess the usefulness of CAVI as a predictor of CVD and mortality.

scholarly journals Serum level and clinical significance of vitamin E in children with allergic rhinitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-yi WANG ◽  
Yin-feng WANG ◽  
Chun-chen PAN ◽  
Jingwu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Outpatient Group

Abstract Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) has an increasing prevalence in children and its etiology has aroused wide concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of vitamin E and allergic rhinitis (AR) to determine if the vitamin E level is correlated with the occurrence and severity of AR. Methods: A total of 113 children were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sixty-five children in the outpatient group were diagnosed with AR, and 48 healthy children were recruited as controls. All subjects underwent serum vitamin E measurements. Serum tototal IgE (tIgE), the five most common allergen- specific IgE (sIgE) levels and skin prick test (SPT) were measured in children with AR. The severity of AR was assessed with the nasal symptoms score. Results: Serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in the AR group than in the normal children (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between serum vitamin E levels and sIgE as well as the SPT grade. Serum vitamin E levels were also inversely related to the nasal symptoms score; however, statistical significance was not found. Conclusions: A significantly lower vitamin E level was found in children with AR. Lower serum vitamin E levels play a role in the occurrence of AR in children. However, serum vitamin E levels were not statistically correlated with the severity of AR.

scholarly journals Effects of passive smoking on the health of children and ad+olescents: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e582101321275
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Vieira Azevedo ◽  
Giulia Vittoria Ambrogi Pereira ◽  
Mariana Xavier e Silva ◽  
Kristian Sbolli ◽  
Elaine Rossi Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Allergic Disorders

Despite growing global efforts to control tobacco use, it remains a common addiction. Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke from tobacco derivatives by non-smokers, breathing in the same toxic substances that the smoker inhales. The objective of this systematic review was to identify the possible effects of passive smoking on the health of children and adolescents. The PICO tool was used to prepare the research question. The protocol of this study was submitted to PROSPERO and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The following databases were used: LILACS, MEDLINE and EMBASE. As a result, 493 articles were identified from the last 5 years, 8 articles were removed for being duplicates, 439 articles were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, 8 articles were excluded for poor methodological quality and 38 were included in the study.  It was concluded, as evidence, that passive smoking has negative effects on the health of children and adolescents and was associated with respiratory, infectious, psychoneurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular, otorhinolaryngological, allergic disorders and increased mortality.

scholarly journals Incidence of HIV and HCV in people who inject drugs: a systematic and meta-analysis review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041482
Author(s):  
Asaad Sharhani ◽  
Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari ◽  
Azam Rahmani ◽  
Bahram Armoon ◽  
Mehdi Noroozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionHIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major health concerns globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol study aims to estimate the incidence of HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) by reviewing studies that have applied mathematical modelling. The primary purpose of this systematic review is to identify and review mathematical modelling studies of HIV and HCV incidence in PWIDs.Methods and analysis cohort, cross-sectional and clinical trial studies conducted to estimate the incidence of HIV and HCV based on mathematical models or have evaluated the effectiveness of mathematical models will be considered for inclusion in the review. A comprehensive search applying a Cochrane approach will be used to identify relevant primary studies, published between January 2000 and July 2020, and indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, Opengrey, WOS, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library with no restriction on language. This protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Assessment of risk of bias will be implemented using forms of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots, Begg’s and Egger’s tests. A meta-analysis will be conducted to answer the first research question, ‘What is the incidence of HIV and HCV when applying mathematical model in PWID?’. Clinical heterogeneity will be assessed by looking at the characteristics of participants, method of diagnosis and case definitions in the included primary studies. In addition, subgroup analyses will be conducted for population and secondary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical issues related to this study. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at international and national conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126476.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age in developing countries of Asia and Africa: A systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savera Savera ◽  
Sumera Aziz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
English Language ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Detailed Search

Abstract Background The burden of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) is significantly higher in developing countries. Studies have been conducted to estimate the prevalence and magnitude of anemia among women of reproductive age and its associated factors mainly in African and Asian countries. However, findings from the existing literature are not synthesized in a systematic way to make evidence-based decisions. Given the high burden of anemia in Asian and African countries and an enormous amount of literature on the prevalence and determinants of anemia, there is a need to undertake a systematic review on prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Hence, the objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review on the prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in developing countries of Asia and Africa. This synthesis of literature will help to understand the determinants of anemia to design targeted and context-based interventions primarily for WRA. In addition, this systematic review will also assist policymakers, stakeholders and managers to make informed and evidence-based decisions mainly in developing countries of Asia and Africa.Methods The review will focus on assessing the burden of anemia and its determinants in the developing countries of Asia and Africa. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, Medline and Cochrane will be explored using a detailed search strategy. A study will be considered eligible, if it will be a primary epidemiological research conducted through quantitative observational study designs (cross-sectional, case-control or cohort studies) on prevalence and determinants or only determinants of anemia among WRA (15-49 years) in the developing country of Africa or Asia and published in the English language in a peer-reviewed local or international journal from 2000 to 2020.Discussion This systematic review will provide an opportunity to critically appraise and synthesize the findings from individual studies on the prevalence and determinants of anemia to finally generate a summary. These aggregated findings, in turn, can guide practice and inform policymakers to make evidence-based decisions to address the problem of anemia among women of reproductive age. The results of the review will be disseminated through presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Do Patients with Extrinsic Black Tooth Stains Have a Lower Dental Caries Experience? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva de Rezende ◽  
Thiago Fonseca-Silva ◽  
Clarissa Lopes Drumond ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: –0.78 [–1.09; –0.48]; I2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: –0.50 [–0.93; –0.08]; I2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.

scholarly journals Association of tooth loss with morbidity and mortality by diabetes status in older adults: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Raju ◽  
George W. Taylor ◽  
Peggy Tahir ◽  
Susan Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Based Medicine

Abstract Objective This systematic review assesses the association of tooth loss (TL), as the exposure, with morbidity and mortality by diabetes mellitus (DM) status, as the outcome, in older adults. Background Individuals with DM have higher prevalence of severe TL and increased risk of developing morbidities and mortality. No systematic review has evaluated the association between TL with morbidity and mortality by DM status. Material and methods Comprehensive searches used multiple publication databases containing reports published between 01/01/2000 and 04/21/2021. Two authors independently evaluated included studies for quality and risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for cohort and Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) critical appraisal sheet for cross-sectional studies, while a third author arbitrated decisions to resolve disagreements. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria: eight cross-sectional and five cohort. Qualitative review of the included studies indicated TL is associated with increased incidence and prevalence of DM. TL is also associated with DM-related morbidities including greater prevalence of heart disease, diabetic retinopathy, metabolic syndrome; poorer health-related quality of life; poorer survival of participants with chronic kidney disease; and increased medical expenditure. Overall, the quality of the evidence reviewed was medium, as per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. Conclusions/practical implications This review found significant associations of TL with prevalence and incidence of DM and adverse DM-related outcomes. An interprofessional team-care approach that includes an oral health component could benefit the prevention and management of DM.

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