scholarly journals DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2: FAKTOR RISIKO, DIAGNOSIS, DAN TATALAKSANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Kadek Resa Widiasari ◽  
I Made Kusuma Wijaya ◽  
Putu Adi Suputra
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstrakDiabetes melitus menggambarkan sekelompok penyakit metabolik yang temuan umumnya adalah kadar glukosa darah yang meningkat. Pada usia 20-79 tahun, terdapat 463 juta atau setara 9,3% orang di dunia menderita diabetes pada tahun 2019. Diabetes melitus tipe 2 ditandai dengan defisiensi insulin relatif yang disebabkan oleh disfungsi sel pankreas dan resistensi insulin. Faktor risiko penyebabnya dibagi menjadi dua yaitu faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dan tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Gejala klasik diabetes seperti poliuria, polidipsia, polifagia dan penurunan berat badan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan sebabnya. Empat tes diagnostik untuk diabetes yaitu pengukuran glukosa plasma puasa, glukosa plasma 2 jam setelah TTGO 75 g, HbA1c, dan glukosa darah acak dengan adanya tanda dan gejala klasik diabetes. Tatalaksana dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Tatalaksana non farmakologis terdiri atas edukasi, nutrisi medis, dan latihan fisik. Terapi farmakologis terdiri atas obat oral dan bentuk suntikan dalam bentu obat anti hiperglikemik dan insulin. Terapi farmakologi dan non farmakologi ini berjalan beriringan. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode literature review dan diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan kedepan dalam melakukan tindakan pencegahan dan pengobatan pasien diabetes melitus sehingga prevalensi berkurang dan komplikasi dapat dihindari.   AbstractDiabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic diseases whose common finding is elevated blood glucose levels. At the age of 20-79 years, there were 463 million or 9.3% of people in the world suffer from diabetes in 2019. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by relative insulin deficiency caused by pancreatic cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. The risk factors that cause it are divided into two, namely modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The classic symptoms of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia and unexplained weight loss. The four diagnostic tests for diabetes are measurement of fasting plasma glucose, plasma glucose 2 hours after OGTT 75 g, HbA1c, and randomized blood glucose in the presence of classic signs and symptoms of diabetes. Treatment is divided into two, namely pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological management consists of education, medical nutrition, and physical exercise. Pharmacological therapy consists of oral drugs and injections in the form of anti-hyperglycemic drugs and insulin. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy goes hand in hand. The writing of this article uses the literature review method and is expected to be used as a future reference in carrying out prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus patients so that prevalence is reduced and complications can be avoided.  

scholarly journals Perkembangan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dari Prediabetes di Bogor, Jawa Barat

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sulistiowati ◽  
Marice Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstrak Prediabetes merupakan kondisi gula darah puasa 100-125mg/dL (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) atau kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah pembebanan 75 g glukosa 140-199 mg/dL (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Prediabetes meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2). Tujuan analisis ini untuk mengetahui terjadinya DM Tipe 2 pada responden dengan prediabetes dalam follow-up 2 tahun. Prospektif studi dalam 2 tahun pada 3344 responden Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM non-DM tipe 2. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik (BB, TB, lingkar perut, tekanan darah), dan laboratorium (GDP, GDPP, Kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, Trigliserida). Kadar glukosa darah untuk DM Tipe 2 dan prediabetes mengacu pada kriteria ADA 2011. Analisis deskriptif tentang karakteristik, life tabel perkembangan DM Tipe 2 dari prediabetes. Prediabetes yang terjadi sebesar 24,6% (IFG 2,3%; IGT 19,2% dan mix IFG/IGT 2,8%) dan 13,4% mengalami DM tipe 2 dalam kurun waktu 2 tahun. Progresivitas terjadinya DM dari IFG, IGT dan mix TGTmasing-masing 6,21; 6,12 dan 14,6 per 100 orang per tahun. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya DM tipe 2 antara lain: umur (40-54 tahun RR=1,97; CI 95%:1,02-3,82), 55-65 tahun (RR=2,74; CI 95%: 1,34-5,58), obesitas sentral (RR=4,42; CI 95%: 2,36-8,29), hipertensi (RR= 1,99; CI 95%: 1,29-3,06) dan hipertrigliserida (RR=1,83; CI 95%: 1,18-2,83). Proporsi prediabetes dan terjadinya DM tipe 2 di Bogor Tengah dalam pengamatan 2 tahun, meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur dan dipengaruhi oleh obesitas sentral, hipertensi, hipertrigliserida. Pengendalian faktor risiko dan pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin dapat mencegah terjadinya DM tipe 2. Perlu ditunjang dengan posbindu PTM aktif di masyarakat, lingkungan kerja maupun sekolah. Kata kunci: Prediabetes, Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2), Bogor Tengah Abstract Prediabetes is a condition that fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) or blood glucose 2 hours after loading 75 g glucose 140-199 mg/dL (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Prediabetes increases the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This analysis is to determine the progression rate to T2DM in prediabetes respondents during 2 years follow up. This is an two years prospective study in 3344 respondents Cohort Study of Risk Factors NCD without T2DM. The data collected included interviews, physical examination (body weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure), and laboratory (fasting plasma glucose/FPG, plasma glucose 2 hours after loading 75 g glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides). Blood glucose levels for DM and prediabetes refers to ADA criteria 2011. Data analisized by descriptive about characteristics, life table of T2DM development from prediabetes. Prediabetes occurred at 24.6% (IFG 2.3%, IGT 19.2% and mix IFG / IGT 2.8%) and 13.4% experienced type 2 diabetes within 2 years. The progression of DM from IFG, IGT and mix TGT is 6.21; 6.12 and 14,6 per 100 person per year respectively. The risk factors of T2DM are age (40-54 years old (RR=1,97; CI 95%:1,02-3,82), 55-65 years old (RR=2,74; CI 95%:1,34-5,58), central obesity (RR=4,42; CI 95%:2,36-8,29), hypertension (RR=1,99; CI 95%:1,29-3,06) and hypertriglyceride (RR=1,83; CI 95%:1,18-2,83). The proportion of prediabetes and progression T2DM in Central Bogor at 2 years follow up is quite high, increasing with age and influenced by central obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceride. Controlling risk factors and checking blood glucose regularly can prevent T2DM. Need to be supported by posbindu PTM active in the community, work environment and school. Keywords: Prediabetes, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Central Bogor

scholarly journals Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in non-menopausal and postmenopausal inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Zhou ◽  
Chenghuan Zhang ◽  
Jingyu Ni ◽  
Xiaoyun Han
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and assess the 10-year risk of CVD in non-menopausal and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 569 patients with T2DM at a Chinese tertiary hospital were investigated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). We evaluated the 10-year risk of CVD, clinical and menopause characteristics in all subjects. Results Among the 569 diabetic patients, the incidence of smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, overweight or obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was 0.7, 36.2, 38.1 56.6 and 58.2%, respectively. The usage rate of hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive agents, lipid modulators and antithrombotic drugs was 88.6, 78.3, 50.0 and 27.1%, respectively. However, only 1.2% of inpatients achieved the three target goals for the control of blood glucose (HbA1c < 7%), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg), and blood lipids (total cholesterol < 174 mg/dL). The 10-year risk of CVD was (1.6 ± 1.5%) and tended to increase along with age (F = 27.726, P <  0.001). For all subjects (n = 569), multiple linear regression analysis showed that menopause (β = 0.275, P <  0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = 0.212, P <  0.001), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β = 0.093, P = 0.018) and waist-to-hip-ratio (β = − 0.078, P = 0.047) were risk factors of 10-year risk of CVD, which may explain the variance of 14.3%. In the postmenopausal group (n = 397), LDL-C (β = 0.227, P <  0.001), FPG (β = 0.139, P = 0.003) and time since menopause (β = 0.230, P <  0.001) were found to be associated with CVD, which may explain the variance of 14.6%. Conclusion The incidence of dyslipidmia, hypertension, overweight or obesity and NAFLD is high. The level of control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids was found to be extremely low and the treatment status was not ideal. Besides menopause, LDL-C, FPG and time since menopause were found to be independent risk factors for the 10-year risk of CVD. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on comprehensive control of multiple risk factors, such as plasma glucose, blood pressure and serum lipid.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Coronavirus Disease 2019 pada Pasien dengan Komorbid Diabetes Melitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Nikma Syalsabiela Fauzia
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical scope of Covid-19 varies, from asymptomatic, mild symptoms, to clinical conditions characterized by acute respiratory failure. The most common comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 were hypertension (HTN) (56.2%), followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) (30.1%), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (17.5%). Several studies suggest that diabetes is one of the main risk factors for COVID-19. Therefore, this literature review aims to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus so that it can be used as a consideration for controlling risk factors and better treatment of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. The method used in this research is literature review and literature search is carried out through the NCBI, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. This research involves as many as 24 library sources from 2020-2021. Several studies have shown that diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for COVID-19. This condition is associated with several macrovascular and microvascular complications that ultimately impact the patient's survival. Diabetes which is a hyperinflammatory condition that can increase susceptibility to COVID-19 with possible mechanisms of chronic inflammation, hypercoagulable state, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Future research is urgently needed to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between COVID-19 and diabetes, and their clinical management

scholarly journals TELAAH KOMPREHENSIF DIABETES MELITUS: KLASIFIKASI, GEJALA, DIAGNOSIS, PENCEGAHAN, DAN PENGOBATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-317
Author(s):  
Dudi Hardianto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Test ◽  
Glucose Test ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. In general, diabetes is classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational, and other specific diabetes. The causes of diabetes are genetic disorders and environmental. Common symptoms of diabetes include: polydipsia, polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, dehydration, fatigue, weight loss, reduced vision, cramps, constipation, and candida infection. Test for diagnosis of diabetes include: fasting plasma glucose test, plasma glucose test after 2 hours of 75 g oral glucose administration, the glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1C), and random blood glucose test. Prevention of T1DM is still difficult because of the limited knowledge of metabolic, genetic, and immunological processes in the development of T1DM. T2DM is prevented by lifestyle and medical intervention. Insulin is the only drug for T1DM, whereas T2DM is treated with metformin as drug’s primary choice for reducing blood glucose levels. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kelainan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Secara umum, diabetes diklasifikasikan menjadi: diabetes melitus tipe 1 (DMT1), diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), gestasional, dan diabetes spesifik lain. Penyebab diabetes adalah kelainan genetik dan lingkungan. Gejala umum diabetes antara lain: polidipsia, polifagia, glikosuria, poliuria, dehidrasi, kelelahan, penurunan berat badan, daya penglihatan berkurang, kram, konstipasi, dan infeksi candida. Pemeriksaaan untuk diagnosis diabetes meliputi: pemeriksaan glukosa plasma saat puasa, pemeriksaan glukosa plasma setelah 2 jam pemberian glukosa oral 75 g, pemeriksaan hemoglobin terglikasi (HbA1C), dan pemeriksaan glukosa darah acak. Pencegahan DMT1 masih sulit karena terbatasnya pengetahuan proses metabolisme, genetik, dan imunologi pada perkembangan DMT1. DMT2 dicegah dengan intervensi gaya hidup dan intervensi medis. Insulin merupakan satu-satunya obat untuk DMT1, sedangkan DMT2 diobati dengan metformin sebagai pilihan utama dan non obat untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pada Penyandang Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pomantow A. L. Roeroe ◽  
Bisuk P. Sedli ◽  
Octavianus Umboh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has been declared as a pandemic by WHO in March 11, 2020. This disease is an additional problem in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several studies have shown that diabetes is a risk factor for COVID-19. This study was aimed to determine the risk factors for the occurrence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in T2DM patients. This was a literature review study using several journal databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. Literature searching was performed by using the PICOS method and the analysis was carried out qualitatively The results obtained 10 literatures reporting that T2DM would increase the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients related to elderly age, obesity, chronic systemic inflammation, increased coagulation activity, potential direct damage to the pancreas, changes in expression of ACE2 receptors, dysregulation of the number, activity of immune cells, alveolar dysfunction, and endothelial dysfunction. There was not yet strong evidence regarding discontinuation or continuation of various diabetes drugs in COVID-19 patients, but insulin remains the recommended agent for blood glucose control. In conclusion, T2DM increases the severity and mortality rate of COVID-19 patients Keywords: diabetes mellitus; COVID-19; risk factors Abstrak: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 dan telah ditetapkan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO pada 11 Maret 2020. Penyakit ini menjadi masalah tambahan bagi penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diabetes merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terjadinya COVID-19 pada penyandang DMT2. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review menggunakan laporan penelitian dari beberapa database jurnal, yaitu google scholar, PubMed, dan ClinicalKey. Pencarian artikel menggunakan metode PICOS dan analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 laporan penelitian yang melaporkan bahwa DMT2 meningkatkan tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19 akibat adanya mekanisme terkait dengan usia lanjut, obesitas, peradangan sistemik kronis, peningkatan aktivitas koagulasi, potensi kerusakan langsung pankreas, perubahan ekspresi reseptor ACE2, disregulasi jumlah dan aktivitas sel imun, disfungsi alveolar, dan disfungsi endotel. Belum terdapat bukti kuat mengenai penghentian atau pelanjutan berbagai obat diabetes pada pasien COVID-19, tetapi insulin tetap menjadi obat yang disarankan untuk mengontrol glukosa darah. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah DMT2 meningkatkan tingkat keparahan dan mortalitas dari pasien COVID-19.Kata kunci: diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2), COVID-19, faktor risiko

scholarly journals Gaya Hidup sebagai Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Made K. Murtiningsih ◽  
Karel Pandelaki ◽  
Bisuk P. Sedli
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. It is ranked as the seventh of top 10 causes of death worldwide, and the highest prevalence of cases is T2DM. The dominant lifestyle that triggers T2DM is diet and physical inactivity. This study was aimed to determine whether lifestyle was a risk factor of T2DM. This was a literature review study using two databases, namely Pubmed and Google Scholar. The keywords used were "lifestyle risk factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus". There were 10 literatures obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that lifestyle such as unhealthy eating pattern and less physical activity significantly influence the risk factors of T2DM. In conclusion, lifestyles such as unhealthy foods and less physical activity are at high risk of suffering from T2DM.Keywords: risk factors, lifestyle, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)  Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit metabolisme yang disebabkan karena resistensi insulin dan disfungsi sel beta pankreas. DM berada diperingkat ke tujuh sebagai 10 penyakit penyebab kematian di dunia, denganDMT2 sebagai prevalensi kasus tertinggi. Pola hidup yang dominan menjadi pencetus DMT2 ialah pola makan dan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gaya hidup sebagai faktor risiko DMT2. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Dengan kata kunci yaitu “faktor risiko gaya hidup dan diabetes melitus tipe 2”. Setelah diseleksi, didapatkan 10 literatur berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa gaya hidup seperti pola makan yang tidak sehat dan pola aktivitas fisik kurang secara bermakna berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya faktor risiko DMT2. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah gaya hidup dengan mengonsumsi makanan tidak sehat dan aktivitas fisik yang kurang memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami DMT2.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, gaya hidup, diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2)

scholarly journals Pneumonia Covid-19 dengan Gangguan Ginjal Akut

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivaldy Wahab ◽  
Efata Poli ◽  
Cerelia Sugeng
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Nephrotoxic Drugs ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes various symptoms, including mild, moderate, severe, and critical symptoms. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death. This study was aimed to evaluate patients with COVID-19 pneumonia associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). This was a literature review study using three databases, namely PubMed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were acute kidney injury AND pneumonia AND COVID-19. The results showed 10 selected literatures based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All literatures stated that males dominated the study samples (52.4-73%). The risk factors of AKI in COVID-19 pneumonia were co-morbidities which were predominantly hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases, as well as nephrotoxic drugs. AKI was the complication of pneumonia COVID-19. The mortality rate was higher among pneumonia COVID-19 patients with AKI compared to pneumonia COVID-19 patients without AKI. In conclusion, AKI is the complication of COVID-19 pneumonia. Nephrotoxic drugs and co-morbidities are the risk factors of AKI in COVID-19 pneumonia.  The mortality rate is higher in patients with AKI compared to those without AKI.Keywords: acute kidney injury, pneumonia COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019  Abstrak: Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 menimbulkan berbagai gejala baik yang ringan, sedang, berat        hingga kritis. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 yang berat dapat menyebabkan pneumonia, sindrom pernapasan akut, gagal ginjal, bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pneumonia COVID-19 dengan gangguan ginjal akut (GGA). Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu PubMed, ClinicalKey, dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah acute kidney injury AND pneumonia AND COVID-19. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 10 literatur berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pada semua literatur didapatkan jenis kelamin laki-laki yang mendominasi sampel penelitian (52,4-73%). Riwayat penyakit didominasi oleh hipertensi, diabetes melitus, PPOK, penyakit kardiovaskuler, dan penyakit pernapasan. GGA merupakan komplikasi pada pneumonia COVID-19. Pasien pneumonia COVID-19 dengan gangguan ginjal akut memiliki angka kematian yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien pneumonia COVID-19 tanpa gangguan ginjal akut di rumah sakit. Faktor risiko gangguan ginjal akut pada pneumonia COVID-19, antara lain: penggunaan obat yang bersifat nefrotoksik, memiliki komorbid (usia tua, diabetes mellitus, penyakit kardiovaskular, penyakit ginjal kronis, dll). Sinpulan penelitian ini ialah GGA merupakan komplikasi pada pneumonia COVID-19. Penggunaan obat yang bersifat nefrotoksik dan adanya komorbid merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya GGA pada pasien pneumonia COVID-19. Angka kematian lebih tinggi terdapat pada pasien pneumonia COVID-19 dengan GGA dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa GGA.kata kunci: gangguan ginjal akut, pneumonia COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019

scholarly journals Efektifitas Terapi Pijat Refleksi Kaki Terhadap Pengendalian Glukosa Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardiana Mardiana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by damaged insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, resulting in an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). The impact of chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders with diabetes mellitus, which causes damage to tissues and organs such as the eyes, nerves, kidneys and blood vessel systems.Purpose: This literature study aims to analyze the effectiveness of foot reflexology therapy in controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.Methods: the database in making this literature review is pubmed and google scholar. The articles found were in the 2015-2021 timeframe with full text and were selected according to the appropriate literature study topic.Results: Based on the results of literature search, 331 articles were found, and there were 5 articles that met the criteria regarding the effectiveness of foot reflexology therapy in controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.Conclusion: The results of research from several articles in this literature review indicate that foot reflexology therapy is effective in controlling blood glucose in diabetic patients.Keywords: Blood Glucose, Diabetes, Massage Therapy, Foot Reflexology

GAMBARAN PENYAKIT PERIODONTAL PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT PROF. DR. R. D KANDOU MANADO

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezra G. R. Tambunan ◽  
Karel Pandelaki ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Oral Health Problem ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristic hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This disease affects many societies and continuously growing in Indonesia. Periodontal disease is an oral health problem which has a relatively high prevalence in the community where periodontal disease in all age groups in Indonesia.The purpose of this study was to determine the periodontal disease in patients with diabetesmellitus in RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This descriptive study has 68 sample taken with total sampling technique. The sample is examined using evaluation criteria gingival index and CPITN index. The result show that subjects with periodontitis with a score of 4 is the highest as many as 18 people (44%) and subject with a score of 2 is that at least as many as 8 people (19.5%). And subjects with bad gingivitis is the highest as many as 10 people (52.6%) and subject with the good gingivitis is the at least as many as 5 people (26.3%). Based on the result of this study, periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus in RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou most that periodontitis with the number of 41 people (68.3%) compared to gingivitis which is just as many as 19 people (31.7%)Keywords: diabetes mellitus, periodontitis, gingivitis, periodontalAbstrak:Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena sekresi insulin, kerja insulin atau kedua-duanya. Penyakit ini merupakan penyakit yang banyak diderita kalangan masyarakat dan terus berkembang di Indonesia. Penyakit periodontal merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi di masyarakat dimana penyakit periodontal pada semua kelompok umur di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penyakit periodontal pada penderita diabetes mellitus di RSUP Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Sampel diperiksa dengan menggunakan kriteria penilaian indeks gingiva dan indeks CPITN. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa yang mengalami periodontitis dengan skor 4 adalah yang paling tinggi yaitu sebanyak 18 orang (44%), dan subjek yang mengalami skor 2 adalah yang yang paling sedikit yaitu sebanyak 8 orang (19.5%). Sedangkan yang mengalami gingivitis yang paling tinggi yaitu gingivitis buruk sebanyak 10 orang (52.6%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah yang mengalami gingivitis ringan yaitu sebanyak 5 orang (26.3%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyakit periodontal yang paling banyak ditemui pada penderita diabetes melitus di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado adalah penyakit periodontitis yaitu sebanyak 41 orang (68.3%) dan yang paling sedikit adalah gingivitis yaitu sebanyak 19 orang (31.7%)Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, periodontitis, gingivitis, periodontal

Literature Riview : Pengaruh Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
Oki Yanuarti ◽  
Nuniek Nizmah Fajriyah ◽  
Firman Faradisi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Relaxation Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstractDiabetes melitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels in the body, caused by abnormalitized in insulin secretion. One of the non-pharmacological method to reduce blood sugar level is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. This study aims to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation techniques in lowering blood sugar. A literature review of studies of progressive muscle relaxation therapy in reducing blood sugar publishedin 2011-2020 was conducted. The average number of respondents was 26 male and female responden with and average age of 55-60. The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation therapy was able to control blood glucose among diabetic. This study concludes that progressive muscle relaxation therapy effectively reduce blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes melitus. The findings suggest that progressive muscle relaxation therapy can be used as non-pharmacological therapy to lower blood sugar levels.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Progressive muscle relaxation AbstrakDiabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit degeneratif yang bermasalah pada sistem metabolik ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah dalam tubuh dan disebabkan karena kelainan sekresi insulin. Pada pasien diabetes melitus akan mengalami peningkatan kadar gula darah dalam tubuh, salah satu cara non farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus yaitu dengan terapi relaksasi otot progresif. Tujuan dari Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran dari pengaruh teknik relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Metode yang dilakukan dengan mencari tiga jurnal penelitian tentang pengaruh terapi relaksasi otot progresif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus terbit pada tahun 2011-2020. Hasil analisa karakteristik responden dari ketiga jurnal menunjukan jumlah responden rata-rata 26 responden laki-laki dan perempuan dengan usia rata-rata 55-60 tahun. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan terapi relaksasi otot progresif kadar gula darah pasien menjadi terkontrol. Simpulan dari karya tulis ilmiah ini yaitu terapi relaksasi otot progresif efektif terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Saran bagi perawat atau penderita diabetes melitus terapi relaksasi otot progresif dapat digunakan sebagai terapi non farmakologis untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Kata kunci: Diabetes mellitus; Relaksasi Otot Progresif

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