Wildlife–Watching in Marine Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor John Swarbrooke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Selling Point ◽  
Marine Wildlife

If one looks at destination guide books from as late as the 1990s, very few would have had much to say about watching marine wildlife, except perhaps a few sentences about scuba-diving and the opportunity it gave the tourist to see interesting and beautiful fish as an added bonus for participating in this leisure activity. Otherwise, the tourist may have been recommended to visit a certain place because of the opportunities to fish for huge specimens that could be displayed as trophies and photographed to impress the folks back home. Yet, a few years later, marine wildlife-watching has become a major selling point for many coastal destinations around the world, from Australia to California, Sri Lanka to Alaska, South Africa to Scotland. Interestingly, it is also an activity, out of all of the ways in which tourism and the marine environment interacts, that has attracted perhaps the most attention by tourism researchers. In this chapter we will look at how and why this change occurred together with a look at the impacts of the rise of marine wildlife-watching in its many forms. However, first we need to be clear what we are talking about by looking at several typologies of marine wildlife-watching.

Leisure Activities in Marine Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor John Swarbrooke
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Coastal Tourism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

In recent years we have seen a veritable ‘explosion’ in the use of the sea for a growing variety of marine leisure activities. This is now a truly global phenomenon that can be seen from Iceland to South Africa, Australia to Florida. Activities in the sea have always been part of coastal tourism, from paddling and swimming to sailing and diving to angling and boat trips. However, in the past decade or two we have seen the invention of new activities and the developments of variations on traditional marine activities. We now have coasteering, wild swimming, paddle-boarding, RIB and banana boats and sea kayaking, all giving tourists further opportunities to get pleasure from the marine environment. Many of these activities also reflect a change in marine leisure with an increase in active rather than passive activities and an increase in adventure activities. This has, inevitably, increased the risk level of sea-based leisure activities in some ways. Several of the more adventurous new activities also involve travelling further from land or to less developed areas of coast, increasing the risk further. Interestingly, it appears that many tourists become ‘hooked’ on some sea-based leisure activities once they have experienced them on vacation. From that point onwards their desire to continue to participate in an activity will often influence their choice of vacation destination. The innovative developments we have seen in terms of sea-based leisure activities have led to a huge increase in participation in marine leisure activities. This has been stimulated by, and reflected in, the investment made in equipment and infrastructure for such activities by governments, commercial operators, and hotels and resorts.

scholarly journals HOLOCENE FORAMINIFERAL FAUNA AT THE REGION OF PHAN VINH ISLAND, TRUONG SA ARCHIPELAGO AND SOME RELATED PROBLEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
The World ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Initial Research

Holocene Foraminiferal fauna at the area of Phan Vinh island, Truong Sa archipelago is relatively abundant and diverse in both taxonomic composition and ecological characteristics. The initial research results have identified 69 species (excluding several ones unidentified) belonging to 42 genera, 25 families and 6 orders. Among them, the representatives of the genera of Calcarina, Amphistegina, Heterostegina, Elphidium, Amphisorus, Marginopora, Sorites, Parasorites, Peneroplis, Archaias, Siphonipheroides, Septotextularia are predominant. They characterized by the shallow, transparent and warm marine environments of the region of Truong Sa archipelago during Holocene. Some problems related to this fauna at the area of Phan Vinh island such as biodiversity of coral-reef ecosystems, stratigraphic and paleogeographical significances, and its role of reef - building are also mentioned in this article. In addition, for the modern Foraminifera in the world, today they are being used as ‘biomarkers’ (bioindicators) in assessing and monitoring environmental quality of coral reef ecosystems in particular and marine environment in general. In Vietnam, this method has not been applied, but in the future, this is one of the methods that should be concerned. In addition, in aquaculture the Foraminifera is also a source of nutrition that should not be ignored.

PROCLAIMING THE CRUCIFIED CHRIST IN A BROKEN WORLD: An Asian Perspective

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
A.J.V. Chandrakantan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Keynote Address ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Common Agenda ◽  
Broken World

AbstractThis article originally delivered as a keynote address at the IAMS Tenth International Conference in Hammanskraal, South Africa, is a passionate call to attend to the atrocities being committed against Tamils in the "broken world" of contemporary Sri Lanka. As the author puts it: "Disbelief and forgetfulness are the weapons of those who are opposed to humanity therefore to God. Forgetfulness is the antidote to truth and truthfulness of memory. Looking at this indescribable suffering of the innocent I have often felt that we all live in a world that has become unresponsive to the cries of the poor and under privileged. Such an attitude calls for solidarity among the victims and the oppressed. We also live in a world where a common agenda seems to unite all those who have chosen to be the enemies of humanity. It is our duty to fight this mute silence of the world with the power of the WORD. We should allow the word of Truth about the poor and innocent about voiceless women, men and children, to seek refuge and self-exile. Let us speak this word to the powers that be. All that we carry with us now is the memory of our life and that of the death of our fellow Tamils."

Diagnosing marine diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-232
Author(s):  
Salvatore Frasca, Jr ◽  
Rebecca J. Gast ◽  
Andrea L. Bogomolni ◽  
Steven M. Szczepanek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Use

Infectious disease concerns are paramount when considering the health of the oceans and seas of the world. Understanding the ecology of disease in marine environments requires knowledge of diagnostic principles and techniques. Morphologic and molecular approaches exist that allow for the detection of infectious agents from marine life and from the marine environment. However, detection of infection may not be the equivalent of a diagnosis of disease. Disease determination requires recognition of anatomic, biochemical, and molecular features that are characteristic of the disease state and that identify pathogenic organisms. Disease investigations in marine scenarios can be complex and may engage concurrently a wide variety of techniques including microbiological culture and isolation, histotechnological procedures performed on arrays of tissue samples, immunohistochemical methodologies, and nucleic acid-based techniques that make use of genetic, genomic, transcriptomic, and metagenomic data. Effective use of these techniques requires knowledge of their capabilities and limitations so that appropriate selection, proper application, and accurate interpretation can be made.

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation in Sri Lanka

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudath Samaraweera ◽  
Athula Sumathipala ◽  
Sisira Siribaddana ◽  
S. Sivayogan ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
National Average ◽  
The West ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
The World

Background: Suicidal ideation can often lead to suicide attempts and completed suicide. Studies have shown that Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of suicide in the world but so far no studies have looked at prevalence of suicidal ideation in a general population in Sri Lanka. Aims: We wanted to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation by randomly selecting six Divisional Secretariats (Dss) out of 17 in one district. This district is known to have higher than national average rates of suicide. Methods: 808 participants were interviewed using Sinhala versions of GHQ-30 and Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Of these, 387 (48%) were males, and 421 (52%) were female. Results: On Beck’s Scale for Suicidal Ideation, 29 individuals (4%) had active suicidal ideation and 23 (3%) had passive suicidal ideation. The active suicidal ideators were young, physically ill and had higher levels of helplessness and hopelessness. Conclusions: The prevalence of suicidal ideation in Sri Lanka is lower than reported from the West and yet suicide rates are higher. Further work must explore cultural and religious factors.

Invasive Shot Hole Borers Euwallacea fornicatus, E. kuroshio, and E. perbrevis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Demian F. Gomez ◽  
Jiri Hulcr ◽  
Daniel Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Invasive species, those that are nonnative and cause economic damage, are one of the main threats to ecosystems around the world. Ambrosia beetles are some of the most common invasive insects. Currently, severe economic impacts have been increasingly reported for all the invasive shot hole borers in South Africa, California, Israel, and throughout Asia. This 7-page fact sheet written by Demian F. Gomez, Jiri Hulcr, and Daniel Carrillo and published by the School of Forest Resources and Conservation describes shot hole borers and their biology and hosts and lists some strategies for prevention and control of these pests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr422

The World Economic Forum Principles on "Climate Governance on Corporate Boards": can soft law help to face climate change around the world?

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

Climate change is a financial factor that carries with it risks and opportunities for companies. To support boards of directors of companies belonging to all jurisdictions, the World Economic Forum issued in January 2019 eight Principlescontaining both theoretical and practical provisions on: climate accountability, competence, governance, management, disclosure and dialogue. The paper analyses each Principle to understand scope and managerial consequences for boards and to evaluate whether the legal distinctions, among the various jurisdictions, may undermine the application of the Principles or, by contrast, despite the differences the Principles may be a useful and effective guidance to drive boards' of directors' conduct around the world in handling climate change challenges. Five jurisdictions are taken into consideration for this comparative analysis: Europe (and UK), US, Australia, South Africa and Canada. The conclusion is that the WEF Principles, as soft law, is the best possible instrument to address boards of directors of worldwide companies, harmonise their conduct and effectively help facing such global emergency.

Social Design for Services Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie SARANTOU ◽  
Satu MIETTINEN
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Social Design ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This paper addresses the fields of social and service design in development contexts, practice-based and constructive design research. A framework for social design for services will be explored through the survey of existing literature, specifically by drawing on eight doctoral theses that were produced by the World Design research group. The work of World Design researcher-designers was guided by a strong ethos of social and service design for development in marginalised communities. The paper also draws on a case study in Namibia and South Africa titled ‘My Dream World’. This case study presents a good example of how the social design for services framework functions in practice during experimentation and research in the field. The social design for services framework transfers the World Design group’s research results into practical action, providing a tool for the facilitation of design and research processes for sustainable development in marginal contexts.

Engaging Diaspora in Reconciliation Efforts in Sri Lanka: Lessons Learnt

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Amjad Mohamed-Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
The World ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation ◽  
National Framework

With nearly three million Sri Lankans living overseas, across the world, there is a significant role that can be played by this constituency in post-conflict reconciliation.  This paper will highlight the lessons learnt from a process facilitated by International Alert (IA) and led by the author, working to engage proactively with the diaspora on post-conflict reconciliation in Sri Lanka.  The paper shows that for any sustainable impact, it is also critical that opportunities are provided to diaspora members representing the different communities of the country to interact and develop horizontal relations, whilst also ensuring positive vertical relations with the state. The foundation of such effective engagement strategies is trust-building. Instilling trust and gaining confidence involves the integration of the diaspora into the national framework for development and reconciliation. This will allow them to share their human, social and cultural capital, as well as to foster economic growth by bridging their countries of residence and origin.

International Listening Post report summary: the world at the dawn of 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Sandy Henderson ◽  
Ulrike Beland ◽  
Dimitrios Vonofakos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

On or around 9 January 2019, twenty-two Listening Posts were conducted in nineteen countries: Canada, Chile, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany (Frankfurt and Berlin), Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy (two in Milan and one in the South), Peru, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the UK. This report synthesises the reports of those Listening Posts and organises the data yielded by them into common themes and patterns.

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