scholarly journals Barley feed fractions from integrated ethanol-starch process in diets of pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Growth Trial

The nutritive value of feed fractions of barley obtained from integrated ethanol-starch production was evaluated in a feeding trial and five digestibility and balance trials with growing pigs. The products examined were barley protein, (375 g CP/kg), barley fibre (166 CP and 653 NDF), barley molasses (298 CP) and distillers solubles (333 CP); their respective digestibilities for OM were 0.895, 0.633, 0.864 and 0.834 and for CP 0.910, 0.577, 0.809 and 0.851. Barley protein fortified with pure lysine gave a nitrogen balance similar to that of the isonitrogenous soybean-barley diet. In the growth trial, one third and two thirds of soybean meal protein were replaced with barley protein and barley was replaced with 200 g/kg barley fibre or processed fibre. There was no significant difference in performance between the control and treatment groups, the mean growth rate being 795 g/d and the feed conversion rate 2.9 FU/kg gain. Carcass quality was inferior (P

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

scholarly journals Productive performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed at different frequencies and periods with automatic dispenser

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.R. Sousa ◽  
C.A. Agostinho ◽  
F.A. Oliveira ◽  
D. Argentim ◽  
P.K. Novelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

The performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in cages furnished with an automatic dispenser, supplied at different frequencies (once per hour and once every two hours) and periods (daytime, nighttime and both) was evaluated. Eighteen 1.0m³ cages were placed into a 2000m² pond, two meters deep with a 5% water exchange. One hundred and seventy tilapias, with initial weight of 16.0±4.9g, were dispersed into each 1m³ cage and the feed ration was adjusted every 21 days with biometry. Data was collected from March to July (autumn and winter). Significant difference to final weight (P<0.05) among treatments was observed. The increase in feeding frequency improves the productive performance of Nile tilapias in cages and permitted better management of the food. The better feed conversion rate for high feeding frequency (24 times day-1) can result in saving up to 360kg of food for each ton of fish produced, increasing the economic sustenance for tilapia culture and suggesting less environmental pollution.

scholarly journals PSX-32 Prediction of energy requirements for maintenance and growth of female Korean black goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 453-454
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Sung Soo Lee ◽  
Dong Kyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improving Accuracy

Abstract The consumption of goat has changed from medicinal to meat in Korea. Thus, the population of Korean black goats (KBG) are continuously increased in recent years. However, the nutrition requirement of KBG has not been clearly defined. Therefore, this study was conducted to predict the energy requirements for maintenance and growth of female Korean black goats during their growth and pregnancy phases. Fifty female goats (18.7±0.27 kg) in their growth phase with an average age of 5 months were stratified by weight and randomly assigned into 5 groups. They were fed 5 diets varying in metabolic energy (ME) [2.32 (G1), 2.49 (G2), 2.74 (G3), 2.99 (G4), and 3.24 (G5) Mcal/kg] until they were 9-month-old. After natural breeding, 50 female goats (30.7±0.59 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned into 5 groups. They were fed 5 diets varying in ME [2.32 (P1), 2.43 (P2), 2.55 (P3), 2.66 (P4), and 2.78 (P5) Mcal/kg]. The average feed intake ranged between 1.5 and 2.0% of the body weight (BW), and there was no significant difference between the treatment groups with goats in growth or pregnancy phases. Average daily gain (ADG) in diet demand during the growth phase increased with an increasing ME density and ranged from 46 to 69 g/d (P &lt; 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with the ME density during the growth phase (P &lt; 0.01). The intercept of the regression equation between ME intake and ADG indicated that energy requirement for maintenance of goats during growth and pregnancy phases was 103.53 kcal/BW0.75 and 102.7 kcal/BW0.75, respectively. These results may serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding standards in Korea. Further studies are required to assess the nutrient requirement of goats using various methods for improving accuracy.

The effects of water to feed ratio on the digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention of a grower ration

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 136-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barber ◽  
P.H. Brooks ◽  
J.L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Optimum Water

With the increase in the use of wet feeding systems, there has been a controversy over the optimum water to feed ratio to be used in these systems. Braude et al., (1967) showed that the feed conversion ratio was 20% higher for wet fed pigs compared to dry fed pigs. However, Forbes et al., (1968) found no significant difference in daily gain between wet and dry fed pigs.Gill et al., (1987) conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of different water to feed ratios on the performance of growing pigs provided with an additional water supply. They showed that liveweight gain and feed conversion significantly improved (p < 0.05) as the water to feed ratio of the liquid feed was increased from 2:1 to 3.5:1.The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether water to feed ratio effects digestibility, digestible energy and nitrogen retention.

Influence of Dietary Substitution of Palm Oil by Rapeseed Oil at Different Levels on Growth Performance and Economics of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sudharsan ◽  
S. Senthil Murugan ◽  
Biju Chacko ◽  
Sanis Juliet ◽  
Suresh N. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Poultry Diets

Background: Fat and oil are commonly used in poultry diets to increase energy density and also to increase the palatability of feed, feed efficiency and for deposition of fat in broilers. Thus a study was proposed to find the effects of dietary replacement of saturated fatty acid rich palm oil (PO) by omega-3 rich rapeseed oil (RO) on growth performance and economics in broilers. Method: The growth performance feeding trial was conducted in 160 day-old broilers (vencobb 400) with four treatment groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4) with four replicates of ten chicks each. The basal diet (R1) was prepared with palm oil included at the rate of 1.5, 3, and 4.5 per cent in pre-starter, starter and finisher ration, respectively and fed to G1. The other treatment groups G2, G3 and G4 received R2, R3 and R4 experimental rations respectively. The experimental rations R2, R3 and R4 were prepared with rapeseed oil replacing 25, 50 and 100 per cent of palm oil which was included in R1. Result: The broiler ration prepared with rapeseed oil at 50 and 100 per cent level (G3 and G4) replacing palm oil showed increased body weight gain (P less than 0.01) and better feed conversion ratio (P less than 0.05) than G1 group. There was no significant difference in the feed intake among the different treatment groups. Profit per kg live weight in G3 (Rs.12.06) and G4 (Rs.11.14) was more than G1 (Rs.8.21) and G2 (Rs.6.57). The supplementation of omega-3 rich rapeseed oil had significantly improved the performance of broilers.

Level of feeding during early life and the subsequent reproductive performance of sows

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
R. M. McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Plane Group ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Size At Birth

1. Nine groups of 4 litter-mate Wessex Saddleback gilts were divided on a within-litter basis between 4 treatments so that they were reared from 8 weeks of age to 200 1b. live-weight according to different levels of total feed intake; (a) a high level rising to 8·0 1b. meal per day at 200 1b. live-weight, (b) a medium level approximately 80% of the high, (c) a low level approximately 60% of the high and (d) changing from the low to the medium level between 14 and 16 weeks of age. From 200 1b. live-weight to mating at first heat after reaching 300 1b. all were fed to the medium scale (6·5 1b. meal per day), and all were treated alike during each of 3 pregnancies and lactations.2. Mean rate of growth from weaning to 100 1b. and from 100 to 200 1b. differed significantly between treatments (P<0·001), and mean efficiency of feed conversion of the low-plane group was significantly poorer than that of the high-plane group (P<0·05) from weaning to 100 1b. live-weight.3. All gilts, regardless of treatment, reached puberty at approximately the same age (25 weeks), with the result that mean weight at puberty differed markedly between treatments (P<0·001); 116, 154, 189 and 147 1b. for treatments (a) to (d) respectively.4. Gilts reared on medium and high planes of feeding exhibited oestrus less strongly than those reared on the low-plane, with the result that mean weight at successful mating was significantly greater in these two groups (P<0·05).5. Four gilts in the low-plane group and one in the high-plane group failed to conceive after repeated matings, but numbers were insufficient to indicate the significance of this.6. From the original 36 gilts, 27 first litters, 26 second litters and 25 third litters were produced and reared to 8 weeks of age. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in litter size at birth, mean weight of piglets at 3 or 8 weeks of age or total litter weight at weaning.7. Trouble from temporary collapse of the legs was experienced in all but one gilt of the high-plane group between 6½ and 7½ months of age.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF A PURIFIED SOURCE OF CELLULOSE ON THE GROWTH AND BODY COMPOSITION OF GROWING PIGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
D. W. Friend ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Basal Ration

One hundred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the nutritive value of a purified source of cellulose (solka-floc) and its effect on body composition and iodine number of the loin fat. In each experiment one group of pigs received a basal ration ad libitum while levels of 10 and 40 per cent solka floe were added to the basal ration of two groups at 62 and 162 pounds liveweight, respectively. The pigs given solka-floc were fed ad libitum and the amounts of basal ration consumed were pair-fed to two respective control groups. There was a significant decrease (P <.01) in dressing percentage of pigs fed solka-floc. Feed efficiency, based on total feed (less solka-floc) per pound of gain, was better in the pair-fed controls reaching statistical significance (P <.05) in one experiment. There was no significant difference in the protein or fat content of the carcasses but the iodine number of the loin fat was significantly higher (P <.01) in pigs fed solka-floc. It was concluded that in growing pigs there is no net gain in energy from the consumption of cellulose.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of full-fat rapeseeds for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

The digestibility and nutritive value of full-fat, ground rapeseeds of two low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate varieties, Candle (Brassica campestris) and Regent (B. napus), were determined for three pigs, weighing about 40 kg each. The ME values were 18.72 and 20.26 MJ ME/kg DM, the NE values 1,58 and 1.70 FU/kg DM (FU = 0.7 kg starch) and the DCP values 155 and 201 g DCP/kg DM, respectively, for the two varieties. Nitrogen balances in the same trials were 21.0 and 22.0 g N/d. Twenty-eight freshly weaned piglets averaging 11 kg in weight were fed during four weeks 1) a control diet containing barley and skim milk powder, or 2) the control diet with 10% finely ground Candle seeds incorporated. The calculated energy and DCP values of the diets were alike. The growth rates of both groups were equal, as were the palatabilities of the diets. The feed conversion figures were 2.0 and 2.1 FU/kg liveweight gain, respectively. Accordingly, the energy value of Candle seeds was a little poorer for piglets than for the older growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Glutathione on Growth, Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity, Histology, Gene Expression, and Microbiota of Juvenile Triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang’an Wang ◽  
Baohui Su ◽  
Shaoxia Lu ◽  
Shicheng Han ◽  
Haibo Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on growth, intestinal antioxidant capacity, histology, gene expression, and microbiota in juvenile triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Different diets (G0-control, G100, G200, G400, and G800) containing graded levels of GSH (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800mgkg−1) were fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial mean weight 4.12±0.04g) for 56days. G400 had significantly improved weight gain and feed conversion rate. Based on the broken-line regression analysis, the optimum dietary GSH level was 447.06mgkg−1. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in G200–G800. G200 had significantly lower malondialdehyde content. The height of the intestinal muscular layer in G400 was significantly higher than that of the control group. Intestinal PepT1 and SLC1A5 gene expression was significantly increased, and the highest was observed in G400. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-8 expression were significantly decreased than that of G0. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed a significant difference in alpha diversity whereas no differences in beta diversity. On the genus level, LefSe analysis of indicator OTUs showed Ilumatobacter, Peptoniphilus, Limnobacter, Mizugakiibacter, Chelatococcus, Stella, Filimonas, and Streptosporangium were associated with the treatment diet, whereas Arcobacter, Ferrovibrio, Buchnera, Chitinophaga, Stenotrophobacter, Solimonadaceae, Polycyclovorans, Rhodococcus, Ramlibacter, and Azohydromonas were associated with the control diet. In summary, feeding juvenile triploid O. mykiss 200–800mgkg−1 GSH improved growth and intestinal health.

Effect of feeding graded levels of apple pomace on growth performance, haemato-biochemical parameters and rumen metabolites in crossbred calves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Massod ◽  
A M Ganai ◽  
G G Sheikh ◽  
J Farooq ◽  
Y Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

To study effect of feeding graded levels of apple pomace on performance of crossbred calves,90 days growth trial followed by 6 days metabolic trail was conducted on 16 female Jersey crossbred calves divided into four equal groups with control (T0) fed concentrate diet without apple pomace and experimental groups viz, T1, T2 and T3, where maize was replaced by 25%, 50% and 75% of apple pomace, respectively. There was no significant difference in dry matter intake, growth performance, feed conversion ratio and digestibility coefficients of CF, NFE, ADF and HC with inclusion of apple pomace in calf ration; however digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and NDF reduced significantly at higher inclusion level (75%). There was also no significant difference in nutritive value of the experimental diets with respect to %DCP and %TDN, ME, DE and NR. There was no significant difference in the mean haemato-biochemical values, however significant (P LESS THEN 0.05) effect of feeding apple pomace was observed on total serum proteins with lower values in animals of T3group as compared to control. Similarly non-significant differences were observed in ruminal pH, TVFA, total nitrogen, NH3-N, TCA-ppt. N and NPN values.

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