scholarly journals Spatializing the Coffee Yield Model SAFERNAC with Soil Fertility Data Across Tanzania

Author(s):  
GODSTEVEN PETER MARO ◽  
SUZANA GASPER MBWAMBO

The aim of this work was to explore the behavior and usability of the new model SAFERNAC over coffee growing areas throughout Tanzania. Soil fertility data from 1,131 georeferenced points in three zones were fed into the model under four distinct approaches – baseline (no input), organic (manure), inorganic (NPK) and combination of manure and mineral fertilizer. The simulated yields were descriptively compared per zone. They were loaded into QGIS 3.2, interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) algorithm and the resultant raster maps clipped on basis of digitized boundary shapefiles. Baseline yields were effectively computed from 99.2% of the surveyed sites. The model showed high sensitivity to pH, which has a greater influence on P than N or K. Calculated yields decreased in the order Zone 2 > Zone 1 > Zone 3. The difference in yield between NPK 160:80:80 alone and a combination of NPK 80:40:40 (half dose) plus 5 tons manure was neither quantitatively nor spatially significant. SAFERNAC has proved its usability across the Tanzanian coffee soils, in simulating yield of parchment coffee. The combination approach (organic materials and mineral fertilizers) is most appropriate, as it can reduce the fertilizer cost by about 50% without seriously compromising the expected yields.

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Alexei Solovchenko ◽  
Ludmila Stepantsova ◽  
Grigory Pugachev

Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
O. L. Romanenko ◽  
I. S. Kushch ◽  
A. V. Agafonova ◽  
Yu. O. Tenyukh ◽  
M. M. Solodushko ◽  
...  

During 2000–2018, the results of the application of organic and mineral fertilizers in dynamics and their effect on the content of humus and nutrients in the soils of the Zaporizhzhya region were reviewed. To control the state of soil fertility use the calculation of the balance of humus and nutrients. This makes it possible to determine the extent to which the application of nutrients with fertilizers covers their removal by crop yields. Negative tendencies have been identified, which have led to the deterioration of soil fertility in the Zaporizhia region. Measures are proposed to achieve a deficit-free balance of humus and nutrients. On average, in 2000–2018, the level of mineral fertilizer application in the Zaporizhia region remained low – 38 kg/ha (nitrogen – 28 kg, phosphorus – 7, potassium – 3 kg), and manure – only 0.2 t/ha. According to the results of agrochemical certification of agricultural lands, the dynamics of changes in the content of humus, easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium over the past 18 years has been determined. The average weighted content of humus in the soils in the VIII round was 3.44 %, IX – 3.52, X – 3.40, XI (2016–2018) – 3.57 %, which indicates the stability of this indicator. The weighted average nitrogen content, which is easily hydrolyzed during all rounds, has close values (83.6–90.3 mg/kg) and corresponds to a low level of its supply. The content of mobile phosphorus compounds during the VIII – IX rounds was quite stable (97.1–101.6 mg/kg), and in the X–XI rounds there was even an increase to 123.3–123.4 mg/kg. The phosphorus regime of soils is stable and corresponds to the increased level of security, except for the ninth round (average). Potassium regime of the soil for eighteen years also remains stable and refers to a high level of security (159.6–176.8 mg/kg). The balance of humus and nutrients in the soils of the region remains negative. There is a tendency of positive changes if we compare the results for the first (2003–2014) and second (2003–2018) periods. Thus, to achieve a positive balance of humus it is necessary to apply 2 t/ha of straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizers and 6.4 t/ha of manure, and in 2003–2018 – respectively 2 t / ha straw (+400 kg/ha), 20 kg/ha of nitrogen, 5.8 t/ha of manure. Key words: soil, balance, dynamics, humus, fertility, organic and mineral fertilizers.


Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko

The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment


2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmerson Rodrigues De Moraes ◽  
Reginaldo De Camargo ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Matheus Henrique Madeiros ◽  
Felipe Garcia Menezes ◽  
...  

The dependence of mineral fertilizers, increasingly, has brought concern facing the increased demand and because it is a non-renewable mineral resource. The organic fertilization, exclusively, it is impractical in large scale, however, the combination of organic and mineral sources have already proved to be feasible, both from the point of view of nutrition of plants as well as in the aspect of recycling of urban and industrial waste by agriculture. This research had as objective to determine the efficiency of aorganomineral fertilizer formulated on the basis of sewage sludge in substitution of mineral fertilizer in the cultivation of sugar cane in environments with different levels of soil fertility. An experiment was conducted in greater soil fertility, in the Institute Federal Goiano– Campus, Morrinhos-GO, Brazil. The other, less soil fertility, was implanted in the ethanol industry Tijuco Valley, located in Rio do Peixe, district of Prata-MG, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 5 x 2 +1 being five doses, with and without a biostimulant plus an additional with mineral fertilization, in four replications. The doses were in function of fertilization recommendation of planting and coverage for each environment, consisting of: 100 % of the mineral source and percentage 0; 60; 80; 100 and 120 % of organomineral fertilizer. We evaluated the productivity, tillering, diameter and height of stem in Prata-MG the different percentages of the fertilization of planting favored and increased productivity, height and stem diameter of sugar cane; the use of biostimulants not contributed to increase crop yield. In Morrinhos-GO, the different percentage of planting fertilization did not increase the productivity, tillering, height and diameter of the sugarcane stem; the use of biostimulants increases the productivity yield of sugarcane. Organomineral fertilizer based on biosolids is similar to fertilization with mineral fertilizer in environments.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Neumeier ◽  
Julien Guigue ◽  
Yaser Ostovari ◽  
Andreas Muskolus ◽  
Henk Martens ◽  
...  

<p>Sustainable agricultural practices aim to ensure the rebuilt of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and to sustain soil fertility. One of the levers is the use of carbon and nutrient inputs in the form of organic amendments, such as farmyard manure, slurry and biogas digestate. These organic fertilizers represent a promising alternative to the mineral fertilizers, which are mainly made from non-renewable resources. The use mineral fertilizers is indeed associated with an excessive use of natural resources and a loss of biodiversity. The effect of organic amendments compared with traditional mineral fertilizers on SOC stocks and soil fertility are uncertain in the longer-term. We aimed at investigating the effects of mineral and organic fertilizers (i.e., manure, pig slurry and biogas digestate) on topsoil and subsoil biogeochemistry, after eight years of application. For this purpose, we sampled soil cores down to a depth of one meter in a randomized field experiment in Germany, running since 2011. A full-profile assessment of the carbon and nitrogen distribution, stability and bioavailability was achieved using a combination of classical bulk physico-chemical analyses (e.g., SOC and nitrogen contents, texture, pH, bulk density) and state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Selected samples were analysed for aggregate size distribution, as well as organic carbon and nitrogen contents and allocation within these aggregates. Further, undisturbed core-samples were scanned using a hyperspectral camera in the Vis-NIR range to reveal hotspots of carbon storage at the soil profile scale. Soil carbon distribution was predicted as a function of spectral response, using a variety of machine learning approaches. The application of organic fertilizers (whatever their nature) resulted in higher SOC contents in the first 10 cm, as compared to the control and the mineral fertilizer treatments. The SOC stocks were + 21-33 % higher in the soil treated with organic fertilizers as compared to the control treatment. The application of mineral fertilizer or digestate, as compared to the control, resulted in higher relative amount of microaggregates (versus macroaggregates) (+ 19-40 %) in the soil down to 80 cm. These results will provide essential information to develop management strategies that increase nutrient recycling as well as SOC stocks.</p>


2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
P.A. Semina ◽  
I.V. Gavryushina

В статье представлены результаты исследований по влиянию внекорневой обработки посевов растворами комплексных удобрений с микроэлементами в хелатной форме Азосол 36 Экстра и Акварин 5 на элементы структуры и урожайность зерна раннеспелого и среднераннего гибридов кукурузы на различных уровнях корневого питания. В вариантах без минеральных туков при применении комплексных удобрений в фазу 5 листьев количество зерен в початке возросло на 7,0-9,0, а при двукратной обработке на 8,0-9,9 и большой разницы по гибридам не отмечено. На удобренном агрофоне обработка посевов в фазу пяти листьев кукурузы микроудобрениями позволила увеличить озерненность початка раннеспелого гибрида Ладожский 191 МВ на 7,2-7,5, а двукратное применение повышало озерненность початка на 7,8-8,1. При обработке посевов среднераннего гибрида Азосол 36 Экстра прирост полноценных зерен составил 3,0-3,9, причем большее количество зерен сформировалось при применении микроудобрения в фазу пяти листьев кукурузы. Акварин 5 способствовал увеличению количества зерен в початке на 4,5-5,6, а лучшие результаты получены при двукратном его применении. При внекорневой обработке посевов раннеспелого гибрида комплексными микроэлементными удобрениями в вариантах без минеральных туков масса зерна початка увеличилась на 6,4-11,1 при небольшом преимуществе использования Акварин 5 . Применение Азосол 36 Экстра на посевах гибрида Роналдинио на естественном агрофоне позволило увеличить массу зерна с початка на 8,3-9,7, обработка Акварин 5 на 11,1-13,2, причем большие прибавки получены при двукратном применении хелатированного удобрения. Бинарное применение Азосол 36 Экстра на посевах раннеспелого гибрида Ладожский 191 МВ в условиях улучшенного корневого питания способствовало получению с початка дополнительно 8,2 зерна. Обработка в фазу пяти листьев и двукратное применение Акварин 5 увеличивало массу зерна одного початка на 8,6-8,7. На посевах среднераннего гибрида преимущество было также за микроудобрением Акварин 5 . Применение его в фазу пяти листьев увеличивало массу зерна початка на 9,1, а двукратное использование на 10,1. Азосол 36 Экстра обеспечил меньшие прибавки зерна 5,2-6, 2, причем разница по срокам обработки незначительная. Перспективным для повышения урожайности зерна кукурузы является использование комплексного удобрения с микроэлементами в хелатной форме Акварин 5 в фазу пяти листьев и двойная внекорневая обработка, способствующая увеличению сбора зерна с единицы площади на неудобренном агрофоне на 9,6-12,4, а при улучшении условий корневого питания на 7,7-8,8.The article presents the results of studies on the effect of foliage treatment of crops with solutions of complex fertilizers Azosol 36 Extra and Aquarin 5 with micro-elements in chelate form on the structural elements and grain productuvity of early ripening and medium early maize hybrids at various levels of root nutrition. In the variants without mineral fertilizers, after applying complex fertilizers in the 5-leaf phase, the number of grains in the cob increased by 7.09.0, and after double treatment - by 8.09.9, and there is no big difference in hybrids notably. On the fertilized soil, the treatment of crops in the 5-leaf phase of corn with micronutrient fertilizers allowed to increase the number of grains on the cob of the early ripening hybrid Ladoga 191 MB by 7.2-7.5, and a double application increased the number of grains on cob by 7.8-8.1 When treating the crops of the mid-early hybrid Azosol 36 Extra, the growth of full-fledged grains amounted to 3.0-3.9, and a greater number of grains were formed when microfertilizers were applied in the 5-leaf phase. Aquarin 5 contributed to an increase in the number of grains on the cob by 4.5-5.6, and the best results were obtained with its double use. After foliar treatment of early ripening hybrid crops with complex microelement fertilizers in the variants without solid mineral fertilizer, the weight of corn cobs increased by 6.4-11.1 with a slight advantage of using Aquarin 5.The use of Azosol 36 Extra on the crops of the Ronaldinio hybrid in a natural soil made it possible to increase the weight of grain from the cobs by 8.3-9.7, treatment with Aquarin 5 - by 11.1-13.2, with large increases obtained after the double use of chelated fertilizer. The binary use of Azosol 36 Extra on the crops of the early ripening Ladoga hybrid 191 MV under conditions of improved root nutrition contributed to an additional 8.2 of grain from a cob. Treatment in the 5-leaf phase and the double use of Aquarin 5 increased the weight of the grain of one cob by 8.6-8.7. In the crops of the mid-early hybrid, the advantage was also for the Aquarin 5 microfertilizer. Its use in the 5-leaf phase increased the weight of the cob grain by 9.1, and its double use by 10.1. Azosol 36 Extra provided smaller grain increments - 5.2-6.2, moreover, the difference in treatment time was not significant. A promising way to increase the productivity of corn grain is to use complex fertilizer with microelements in the chelate form Aquarin 5 in the 5-leaf phase and double foliar treatment, which contributes to an increase in grain harvest from a unit area on an unapproved agricultural background by 9.6-12.4, and with the improvement of root nutrition conditions - by 7.7-8.8.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vozhegova ◽  
Yu. Lavrynenko ◽  
T. Glushko

Aim. To determine optimal doses of mineral fertilizers taking into consideration biological specifi cities of new maize hybrids of different FAO groups in irrigation conditions of the southern Ukraine and to trace their impact on the formation of grain productivity of plants. Methods. The fi eld method was used to study the in- teraction of the investigated object and both experimental and environmental factors via the registration of the yield volume and biometric measurements; the laboratory method was used to determine soil humidity, humidity content in grain and quality indices of grain; the statistical method was used to estimate the reli- ability of the results obtained; and the computational method was used in economic and energetic estimation of the employed cultivation techniques. Results. The yield of maize grain of 13–15.42 t per ha on condition of irrigation and introduction of the estimated amount of mineral fertilizer N 240 P 0 K 0 is registered for hybrids of mid-ripening and middle-late groups – Azov, Krasyliv 357 MB, Sokolov 407 MB, Bystrytsia 400 MB. Without irrigation, the highest yield is remarkable for the hybrids of early-ripening and middle-early groups – Tendra, April 187 MB, Syvash, Orzhytsia 237 MB (grain yield of 3.15–3.39 t per ha). Conclusions. The following hy- brids are recommended for cultivation on condition of irrigation of dark-chestnut soils of the southern steppe of Ukraine: early-ripening Tendra, middle-early – Orzhytsia 237 MB, mid-ripening – Krasyliv 357 MB, and middle-late – Bystrytsia 400 MB, with the introduction of the estimated dose of the mineral fertilizers, defined by the difference between the amount of nutritious elements, required for the formation of productivity of the desired level and their content in the soil of a specific plot.


Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Shameer Syed ◽  
Xingxing Wang ◽  
Tollamadugu N.V.K.V. Prasad ◽  
Bin Lian

Chemical (synthetic) fertilizers used indiscriminately for improved production pose a major threat to long-term soil fertility, the soil environment, and its components. The soil microbial community, however, plays a major and important role in fostering soil health and plant growth. While the use of synthetic fertilizers has a profound impact on plant growth, it also significantly alters the makeup of the microbial community towards a detrimental low, especially N and P fertilizers. Sustainable farming practices can reduce the depletion of natural resources and maintain both productivity and soil fertility. The use of minerals that contain fertilizer nutrients in their native state is a very promising approach to reducing emissions associated with the processing chemical industries. Organic material from natural sources (food waste, manure from livestock, agricultural biomass, etc.) acts as a source of microbial culture and encourages the release of nutrients into the soil during mineral weathering. The combination of nutrient-bearing minerals and their biological weathering agents together with organic matter has the potential to remediate, restore, and sustain depleted agricultural soils. Therefore, in this review, we emphasize the significance of sustaining agricultural productivity and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere, the two vital aspects of modern agricultural systems, through bio-organic mineral fertilizers.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000


Author(s):  
V. T. Sinegovskaya ◽  
E. T. Naumchenko

The article presents the results of comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers in the crop rotation system. It was found that the application of the mineral fertilizer system increased the value of hydrolytic acidity of the soil from 4,30 to 5,29 mg-eq per 100 g of soil, the indicator of metabolic acidity decreased from 5,2 to 4,9 pH units. By the end of the 11th rotation for both fertilizer systems, the content of mobile phosphorus increased by more than 4 times relative to the initial value, its mobility indicator – by 2,2-3,2 times compared with the control. The use of the organo-mineral system was accompanied by an increase in the content of humus by 0,35 % and a decrease in the C:N ratio from 11,2 to 8,9. The increased productivity of wheat was revealed when applying nitrogen and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers against the background of prolonged use of the mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer system. The change in wheat productivity by 56 % depended on the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, humus in the topsoil, and on the phosphate ion mobility. Soybean productivity depended on soil fertility indicators only by 24 %: the relationship between soybean productivity and the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus is weak and direct, between productivity and P2O5 mobility - weak and inverse, with humus - moderate and direct.


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