scholarly journals DIVERSITY OF BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES IN IN YOUNG AND OLD LEAVES OF ANDALEH PLANT (MORUS MACROURA MIQ.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Dwi Hilda Putri ◽  
Mades Fifendy ◽  
Moca Faulina Putri
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Village

Endphytic microbes are microscopic living organisms (bacteria and fungi) that live in plant tissues (xylem and phloem), leaves, roots, fruit, and stems. These microbes live symbiosis of mutual benefit. Morus macroura miq. or Andaleh is a native plant of western Sumatra that is considered rare. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify entophytic bacteria found in young leaves and old leaves andaleh taken from the village Andaleh, Kec. Batipuah West Sumatra. The methods used to isolate endophytic bacteria from andaleh leaves are spread plate and streak plate. Identification of endophytic bacteria in macroscopic or colony morphology. A total of 12 isolates of endophytic bacteria from young andaleh leaf and 8 isolates of endophytic bacteria from andaleh leaf. Identification Microscopic using gram staining obtained bacteria 18 gram positive endophytic bacterial isolates and 2 isolate gram negative bacteria.

Biological Seed Treatments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Harman
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Proper Formulation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Microbial Agents

Abstract Bacteria and fungi are both used in biological seed treatments. While all have potential uses, some organisms are more widely and successfully used than others. Shelf life is an important consideration. For this reason, organisms that lack cell walls are more difficult to use than ones with long-lasting spores. Bacillus and Trichoderma are both widely effective, have good shelf life, and are frequently used. However, Rhizobiacae lack cell walls, which is a limitation; they are widely used because their symbiosis with legumes facilitates nitrogen fixation which is an important factor that provides economic, agricultural and environmental sustainability. For all organisms, proper formulation is critical for success; this is especially true for Rhizobiacae and other gram-negative bacteria. There are several specialized processes to deliver microbial agents or to enhance their biological activity, such as solid matrix priming and hydroseeding. Biorational chemicals derived from microorganisms are also frequently used. Both living organisms and biorationals provide benefits to plant agriculture. They can control diseases and increase resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought, temperature, salt, and flooding. They also can enhance mineral nutrition and photosynthesis. For these applications, the most effective ones colonize roots internally and provide season-long benefits. These endophytes induce systemic changes in plants’ gene expression and encoding of proteins.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Beberapa Jenis Pohon Berhabitat Basah

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Ckrisna Nuruwe ◽  
Johan M Matinahoru ◽  
Miranda H Hadijah
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Group ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microscopic Identification ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

The purpose of this study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of endophytic bacteria that live in the root and leaf tissue of several wet habitat trees, such as: kayu marsegu (Anthocephalus cadamba), ketapang hutan (Terminalia copelandii) and kayu burung (Elaeocarpus ganitrus). This study shows that the results of microscopic identification of 20 samples of bacterial isolates, there are only 11 samples of endophytic bacteria that live in the root and leaf tissue of tree samples. Furthermore, based on microscopic identification with the Gram Staining Method, it was found that there were 17 samples of endophytic bacterial isolates categorized into gram-negative (-), namely: DM1, DM3, DM4, AM1, AM2, AM3, AM4, DKH2, DKH3, DKH4, AKH1, AKH2, AKB1, AKB2, AKB3, DKB3, and DKB4. While 3 other bacterial isolate samples were classified into gram-positive (+), namely: AKH3, AKH4, and AKB4. Based on observations with a microscope with 1000 times the magnification size, all bacteria isolates were categorized as a rounded bacterial group, and therefore they are classified as genera Monococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. The study also found that all three genera of bacteria have the ability to live in root and leaf tissue, even though the tree habitat is in a long-wet condition. Keywords: endophytic bacteria, isolation, morphology, wet habitat trees   ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik makroskopis dan mikroskopis dari bakteri endofit yang hidup di akar dan jaringan daun dari beberapa pohon habitat basah, seperti: kayu marsegu (Anthocephalus cadamba), ketapang hutan (Terminalia copelandii) dan kayu burung (Elaeocarpus ganitrus). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil identifikasi mikroskopis terhadap 20 sampel isolat bakteri, hanya ada 11 sampel bakteri endofit yang hidup di akar dan jaringan daun sampel pohon. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan identifikasi mikroskopis dengan Metode Pewarnaan Gram, ditemukan bahwa ada 17 sampel isolat bakteri endofit yang dikategorikan menjadi gram‑negatif (-), yaitu: DM1, DM3, DM4, AM1, AM2, AM3, AM4, DKH2, DKH3, DKH4, AKH1, AKH2, AKB1, AKB2, AKB3, DKB3, dan DKB4. Sedangkan 3 sampel isolat bakteri lainnya digolongkan kedalam gram-positif (+), yaitu: AKH3, AKH4, dan AKB4. Berdasarkan pengamatan dengan mikroskop ukuran pembesaran 1000 kali, semua isolat bakteri dikategorikan sebagai kelompok bakteri bulat, dan oleh karena itu mereka diklasifikasikan sebagai genus Monococcus, Staphylococcus, dan Streptococcus. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa ketiga genera bakteri memiliki kemampuan untuk hidup dalam jaringan akar dan daun, meskipun habitat pohon berada dalam kondisi basah yang lama. Kata Kunci: bakteri endofit, isolasi, morfologi, pohon berhabitat basah

scholarly journals Antibacterial activity of endophytes from Musa Paradisiaca

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 3104-3110
Author(s):  
Keerthy Reghunandanan ◽  
Aleena Jolly ◽  
Manjusha P V ◽  
Kavitha M
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Banana Cultivar

This study was aimed to isolate the endophytic bacteria and fungi from the fruit and root of Musa Paradisiaca, commonly called as Nendran banana cultivar in the southern Indian state of Kerala. Endophytes are microbes living in plant tissue without harming the plants rather existing as potential beneficial organisms. Musa paradisiaca is a less explored variety of banana cultivar which possess anti-disease potential apart from nutritional quality. The total number of twelve root and fruit associated endophytes were isolated. The fruit associated endophytes were seven with four bacterial isolates and three fungal isolates. The number of root-associated endophytes were five with three bacterial isolates and two fungal isolates. The morphological characterisation of both root and fruit endophytes were performed by Gram staining for bacteria and lacto-phenol cotton blue staining for fungi. The bacterial colony examination of the fruit associated culture revealed a specific pink strain with an inhibitory zone proving antibacterial activity which was further investigated through agar well diffusion test.  The strain exhibited potential antibacterial activity against five human clinical pathogens. A significant zone of inhibition was observed against Bacillus subtilis  (22 mm), Escherichia coli (21 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia  and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm) which confirmed the potential antibacterial property of the fruit endophytic strain.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

scholarly journals Diversity and Biocontrol Potential of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Halophytes from the West Aral Sea Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Jinbiao Ma ◽  
Yonghong Liu ◽  
Yin Huang ◽  
Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens

Endophytes associated with halophytes may contribute to the host’s adaptation to adverse environmental conditions through improving their stress tolerance and protecting them from various soil-borne pathogens. In this study, the diversity and antifungal activity of endophytic bacteria associated with halophytic samples growing on the shore of the western Aral Sea in Uzbekistan were investigated. The endophytic bacteria were isolated from the nine halophytic samples by using the culture-dependent method and identified according to their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The screening of endophytic bacterial isolates with the ability to inhibit pathogenic fungi was completed by the plate confrontation method. A total of 289 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the nine halophytes, and they belong to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The predominant genera of the isolated endophytic bacteria were Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Streptomyces, accounting for 38.5%, 24.7%, and 12.5% of the total number of isolates, respectively. The comparative analysis indicated that the isolation effect was better for the sample S8, with the highest diversity and richness indices. The diversity index of the sample S7 was the lowest, while the richness index of samples S5 and S6 was the lowest. By comparing the isolation effect of 12 different media, it was found that the M7 medium had the best performance for isolating endophytic bacteria associated with halophytes in the western Aral Sea Basin. In addition, the results showed that only a few isolates have the ability to produce ex-enzymes, and eight and four endophytic bacterial isolates exhibited significant inhibition to the growth of Valsa mali and Verticillium dahlia, respectively. The results of this study indicated that halophytes are an important source for the selection of microbes that may protect plant from soil-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes of the Halophytic Plant Kalidium schrenkianum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Zhi-Dong Zhang ◽  
Qi-Yong Tang ◽  
Mei-Ying Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Root Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Geochemical Factors ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Endophytic bacteria and fungi colonize plants that grow in various types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Our study investigates the communities of endophytic bacteria and fungi of halophyte Kalidium schrenkianum growing in stressed habitats with ionizing radiation. The geochemical factors and radiation (at low, medium, high level and control) both affected the structure of endophytic communities. The bacterial class Actinobacteria and the fungal class Dothideomycetes predominated the endophytic communities of K. schrenkianum. Aerial tissues of K. schrenkianum had higher fungal diversity, while roots had higher bacterial diversity. Radiation had no significant effect on the abundance of bacterial classes. Soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter showed significant effects on the diversity of root endophytes. Radiation affected bacterial and fungal community structure in roots but not in aerial tissues, and had a strong effect on fungal co-occurrence networks. Overall, the genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments, however negative correlations were found between endophytic bacteria and fungi in the plant. The genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments. Our findings suggest that radiation affects root endophytes, and that the endophytes associated with aerial tissues and roots of K. schrenkianum follow different mechanisms for community assembly and different paradigms in stress response.

Isolasi dan Potensi Enzim Hidrolase Bakteri Simbion Padina sp. dari Pantai Lengkuas Belitung

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Jannah ◽  
Yumna Rahmadias Hanifa ◽  
Adi Budi Utomo ◽  
Ashar Kurnia Dian Prambodo ◽  
Arina Tri Lunggani
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organism ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Sea Use ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

Marine organism is one of the riches in the ocean of Indonesia. The benefits of sea use for new products produced are widely used and have high market demand. Enzymes that have marine interests have unique properties and have good benefits for industry. This study aims to isolate the bacteria that have symbionts with Padina sp and determine the potential of the enzyme hydrolase produced by these bacteria. Isolation is done by the spread plate method. Pure isolates obtained were then tested for the potential of the enzyme hydrolase on selective media. Clear zone measurements are performed to determine which bacterial isolates are good for enzyme production. The results obtained by 6 isolates of pure bacteria, all of which include Gram negative bacteria that form bacilli. All isolates had the ability to produce different Protease, Lipase, Amylase and Cellulase enzymes. The enzymes obtained from these symbiotic bacteria are expected to be used for industrial-scale production in Indonesia. In addition, the presence of this symbiont bacteria is able to reduce the level of exploitation of Padina sp and contribute to preserving the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Synthesis of New Furothiazolo Pyrimido Quinazolinones from Visnagenone or Khellinone and Antimicrobial Activity

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameen Abu-Hashem
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
New Compounds

Substituted-6-methyl-1-thioxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolin-3-ones (5a,b) were synthesized from condensation of visnagenone (2a) or khellinone (2b) with 6-amino-thiouracil (3) in dimethylformamide or refluxing of (4a) or (4b) in dimethylformamide. Hence, compounds (5a,b) were used as the starting materials for preparing many new heterocyclic compounds such as; furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazoline (6a,b), furo[3,2-g]thiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolinone (7a,b), substituted-benzylidene-furo[3,2-g]thiazolo[2′,3′:2,3]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazoline-3,5-dione (8a–f), 3-oxo-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazoline-pentane-2,4-dione (9a,b), 1-(pyrazole)-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolinone (10a,b), 2-(oxo or thioxo)-pyrimidine-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolinone (11a–d), 1-(methylthio)-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolinone (12a,b), 1-(methyl-sulfonyl)-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolinone (13a,b) and 6-methyl-1-((piperazine) or morpholino)-3H-furo[3,2-g]pyrimido[1,6-a]quinazolin-3-one (14a–d). The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS) and elemental analysis. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated for the synthesized compounds against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The new compounds, furothiazolo pyrimido quinazolines 8a–f and 11a–d displayed results excellent for growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates from Tracheal Aspirates and their Anti-microbial Susceptibility in Mechanically-Ventilated Children with Pneumonia Admitted to an Urban Critical Care Ward

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Shahunja ◽  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
Tahmeed Ahmed ◽  
Pradip Kumar Bardhan ◽  
Shafiqul Alam Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Tracheal Aspirates

Background and Aims: Data on Bacterial isolates from tracheal aspirates in children with severe pneumonia requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation especially in developing countries are very limited. We examined the microbial spectrum of bacteria isolated from tracheal aspirate of those children. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of those bacteria were also examined.Methods: We evaluated the data of all mechanically ventilated children aged 0-59 months admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of “Dhaka Hospital” of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between August 2009 and July 2013 having their tracheal aspirate culture done. Data were extracted from electronic medical records of the Dhaka Hospital.Results: Among 836 admitted pneumonia children in the ICU, we identified 35 children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among them 34 (97%) had positive bacterial growths: Klebseilla species in 14 (40%), Escherichia coli in 11 (31%), Acinetobacter in 8 (23%) and Streptococcus species in 8 (23%). Additionally, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudominas and Proteus species were identified in 6 (17%), 4 (11%), and 2 (6%) of the children respectively. The susceptibility of the gram-negatives, except Klebseilla, to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone ranged from 0- 54%, while that for ceftazidime and amikacin ranged from 12-80%. The sensitivity of Klebseilla to these antibiotics ranged from 0-100%.Conclusions: Our data suggests that gram-negative bacteria, Klebseilla followed by Escherichia coli, and Acenetobacter are the predominant bacteria associated with severe pneumonia in ventilated children. The increased number of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria is being accompanied by rising rates of multi-drug resistance which underscores the importance of aggressive antimicrobial therapy in the management of such children.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2014; 2 (2): 60-64

scholarly journals Performance and Carcass Production of Balinese Ducks Given Rumen Watse Based Biosupplement Rations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Mayani Kristina Dewi ◽  
I Nyoman Sutarpa Sutama ◽  
I Wayan Wijana ◽  
I Made Mudita
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Content ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
The Village

A study aimed at studying the performance and production of Balinese duck carcasses that were given rations containing biosupplement-based waste of rumen content, conducted in the village of Peguyangan, Denpasar, Bali, for 3 months. Four biosupplements produced in this study were 1) BR0 = biosupplement with fermented rumen based waste without bacterial isolates, 2) BR1 = biosupplement with fermented rumen based waste with superior 1 cellulolytic bacteria inoculant  (BR3.5), 3) BR2 = biosupplement with fermented rumen based waste with superior 2 cellulolytic bacterial inoculants  (BR3.3), 4) BRmix = biosupplement with fermented rumen based waste with combination of superior cellulolytic bacteria 1 and 2 (BR3.5 and BR3.3), The study was carried out with Completely Randomized Sampling/CR Design with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions, in which each repetition consisted of 5 Balinese ducklings aged 2 weeks. The treatment given was to ducks given supplemented ration with BR0; BR1; BR2; BRmix, respectively for the treatment of R1; R2; R3; and R4, as well as ducks that were given basal rations without supplementation (R5). The results showed that the performance of duck that received treatment of R2 was significantly better (P<0,05) than R1, R3, R4 and R5, while the carcass butching weight and fat weight were not significantly different (P>0,05) . Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded; 1) the performance of Balinese ducks receiving ration biosupplement of R2 is better compared to R1, R3, R4 and R5; 2) Meat production/ducks carcasses to the weight of butchery, carcass production, non-carcass parts and body fats are not significantly real between all treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document