scholarly journals The Use of Creative Board Media in Improving Arabic Writing Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72
Author(s):  
Isop Syafei ◽  
Aini Ummu Syukriya
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Collection Technique

The learning process of writing Arabic occasionally finds difficulties in examining the validity of writing or answers from the students as soon as possible evenly in the classroom, because of limited time. The teacher is required to be able to manage learning as well as possible, so that the interaction between students and teacher in the process of teaching activities runs optimally and comprehensively to all students in the class. This research aims to determine the efforts of the Arabic language teacher at Islamic senior high school of P.B. Soedirman 1 Bekasi in the use of creative board media to improve the Arabic writing skills of the students. The method used in this research is experimental method. The subject of research are students of class X KBC (Kelompok Belajar Cepat - Fast Learning Group) majoring in social studies (16 students), and students of class X majoring in science (22 students). Data collection technique used in this assignment project is documentation. In analyzing data, the researcher uses deductive analysis techniques. The results showed that; 1) the Arabic teacher has sought to use effective and efficient media in the learning process, 2) students can also get benefit from the Creative Board media to be more enthusiastic in practicing Arabic writing. The crative board media is hence very feasible to be implemented in the process of learning a foreign language.

scholarly journals Exploring Teachers’ Creative Teaching Strategies in Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language at a Private Islamic Secondary School in Malaysia

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faizuddin ◽  
Tumin An-Nuaimy ◽  
Ahmad Suhail Al-Anshory
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Creative Teaching ◽  
Islamic School ◽  
The Subject

Arabic is an important language for Muslims but teaching the language is not an easy task. It needs efforts to improve and simplify the learning process through creative teaching strategies. Creative teaching involves the development of materials and approaches that foster students’ interests and motivation in learning. This study explored the experiences of Arabic teachers in fostering students’ interests by developing creative approaches in teaching Arabic as a foreign language at Adni Islamic School, a private Islamic secondary school in Malaysia. In collecting the data, semi-structured interviews were used as part of qualitative research. The findings indicated that teachers have been using creative teaching strategies in the teaching and learning process. These are categorized into three strategies: (1) creativity in making daily lesson plans, (2) creativity during the teaching and learning process, and (3) creativity in evaluating and assessing the outcomes of teaching. The application of these creative strategies is in accordance with the message of the Islamic principles of teaching. Recommendations were made to the relevant authorities, including the teachers themselves, so that creative teaching can be applied to the subject of Arabic language in order to produce a meaningful lesson.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI BIMBINGAN BERKELANJUTAN DI SD NEGERI 017 KUNTO DARUSSALAM TAHUN 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Winarsih
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
School Principal ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Pedagogical Competence ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to determine the appropriate steps in carrying out academic supervision so as to be able to improve the pedagogical competence of teachers, especially in the learning process which in turn will affect the improvement of the quality of education.The study was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle has different planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Research subjects of the principal and teacher. The school principal with his academic supervision measures, while the Kunto Darussalam Elementary School 017 teacher as an object as well as the subject in providing academic supervision treatment. Data collection techniques through class supervision with stages of supervising teachers in the learning process and observation of classroom learning, to record important events related to research, especially at the time of the processlearning takes place.Data analysis techniques that guide data processing using a percentage (%) of achievement with 100 constants. And to see the interpertation using score interpertation criteria to strengthen the interpretation in conclusions as follows: 80% - 100% (Very Good), 66% - 79 % (Good), 56% - 65% (Enough), and 40% - 55% (Less).The results showed that the ability of teachers in the implementation of the learning process experienced an increase in the percentage at each stage, from the first cycle reached an average of 63% (sufficient) and in the second cycle reached an average of 68% (good). There is an increase in teacher's ability by 5% from cycle I. In detail there is a significant increase in the initial condition of the school when compared to the final condition in the second cycle. The accuracy of teachers entering the class increased by 48%, the use of learning media increased by 32%, varied methods increased by 31%, and learning strategies increased by 36%.

scholarly journals تطبيق طريقة رتلّي ستوري بالرسوم المتسلسلة لترقية قدرة الطلبة على مهارة الكلام دراسة تجريبية بـــباب النجاح بندا أتشية

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Nurdiyani Nurdiyani ◽  
Buhori Muslim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Serial Images ◽  
Learning Language ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Speaking Skills

In the second language, speaking is a basic skill in learning language, because language it selft is speech, a person not considered of mastering the language except by mastering the speaking. The students of Babun Najah not only found difficult in speaking Arabic language but got borred as well. Thus, student had a very low ability. It was caused by the disagreement between method used by teacher and do not use the interesting media according to students’ condition, it makes the students felt bored, lack of attention to the subject; even some of them spoke during the teaching and learning process. So the learning process runs ineffectively. This resulted in the limit ability of students to speak Arabic. Based on this problem that has been studied by the researchers, so we need for solution to overcome these problems, including: applying the Retelling Story method with the serial images in teaching Arabic language to reach the purposes of teaching speaking skills, in hopes of increasing student ability in speaking skills by combining these two variables. The purposed of this research is to know students’ responses to speaking skills and students’ abilities in speaking Arabic language using the retelling method and serial pictures in Babun Najah Banda Aceh boarding school. Quantitative supported by qualitative approach along with experimental method was used by the researcher. Purposive sampling was used to find the second graders of II-C as a control class and II-D as an experimental class that was consisted of 23 students. The results are that students’ response toward Retelling story Method with the pictures series is well, and the use of Retelling story Method with the pictures series was effective and it gave a good impact on students of  Babun Najah Banda Aceh boarding school, which the result from the t-test relate calculation is greater than t-table result, that is 1,69 < 1,93.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU MATEMATIKA DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI SUPERVISI KELAS DI MADRASAH BINAAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisyarah Maisyarah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mathematics Teacher ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Mathematical Ability ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Mathematical Abilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Academic Year

Kemampuan matematis yang baik oleh guru matematika tentu akan berimplikasi terhadap kemampuan matematis peserta didiknya. Kemampuan matematis merupakan kemampuan dalam pemahaman, penalaran, koneksi, pemecahan masalah dan komunikasi dalam matematika. Hasil supervisi kelas terhadap guru matematika dalam proses pembelajaran utamanya di kegiatan inti diperoleh 85,71% dengan kualifikasi cukup. Hal demikian tentu masih jauh dari yang diharapkan oleh pengawas pembinanya. Salah satu alternatif usaha yang dilakukan dengan bimbingan berkelanjutan yang implementasi perkembangannya dicermati melalui supervisi kelas oleh pengawas madrasah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru matematika dalam proses pembelajaran dan kemampuan matematis guru matematika tersebut. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan PTS/PTKp dengan 2 siklus. Dilaksanakan pada Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian adalah guru matematika. Objek penelitian, yaitu proses pembelajaran dan kemampuan matematis guru matematika. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, diskusi, observasi (supervisi kelas), dan tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistika deskriptif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian: (1) proses pembelajaran pada Siklus I, nilai 70 dengan kualifikasi cukup, dilanjutkan ke Siklus II, nilai 85 dengan kualifikasi baik; (2) kemampuan matematis guru matematika pada Siklus I nilai 68 dengan kualifikasi cukup menjadi 89 pada Siklus II dengan kualifikasi baik sekali. Peningkatan kemampuan guru matematika dalam proses pembelajaran sejalan dengan peningkatan kemampuan matematisnya. Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Matematis, Proses Pembelajaran, Supervisi Kelas Abstract: A good mathematical ability by mathematics teachers will certainly have implications for the mathematical abilities of their students. Mathematical ability is the ability in understanding, reasoning, connecting, solving problem and communicating in mathematics. The results of classroom supervision of mathematics teachers in the main learning process in core activities were obtained 85.71% with sufficient qualifications. This is certainly still far from what is expected by the supervisor. One alternative effort that can be carried out is ongoing guidance in which the development observed through classroom supervision by the madrasah supervisor. This study aims to improve the ability of mathematics teachers in the learning process and mathematical abilities of the mathematics teacher. This research was designed using PTS / PTKp with 2 cycles. Held in the even semester Academic Year 2018/2019. The subject of the research is the mathematics teacher. The objects of research are the learning process and mathematical ability of mathematics teachers. Data collection techniques through interviews, discussions, observations (class supervision), and tests. Data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics and quantitative descriptive. The results of the study: (1) learning process in Cycle I, 70 with sufficient qualifications, continued to Cycle II, 85 with good qualifications; (2) mathematical ability of mathematics teachers in Cycle I is 68 with sufficient qualifications to be 89 in Cycle II with very good qualifications. Increasing the ability of mathematics teachers in the learning process is in line with the improvement of their mathematical abilities. Keywords: Mathematical Ability, Learning Process, Class Supervision

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN NILAI KARAKTER MELALUI PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS IV SD NEGERI 8 BANDA ACEH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Nurhaidah M. Insya Musa
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Class Iv

The education movement in schools should be able to strengthen the character of students through affective, cognitive and psychomotor harmonization in the learning process. The problems addressed in this research are: 1) How is the development of character value in the learning process in class IV elementary School Negeri 8 Banda Aceh? 2) What are the difficulties faced by teachers in developing character values in the learning process in class IV elementary School Negeri 8 Banda Aceh? This research aims to describe the development of character values and difficulties faced by teachers in the learning process in grade IV of SD Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. The approach used is qualitative research with a type of descriptive research. The subject in this study was 1 teacher and 38 students. The data collection techniques in this study are observations and interviews. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and withdrawal of conclusions. The results of the development of character values in the learning process in class IV elementary School 8 Banda Aceh have been good, teachers always develop the value of students ' character through values of honesty, discipline, courtesy and courtesy, cooperation, responsibility, and In the learning process in the classroom and outside of class.  Guru Selau to develop character values in each learning process continuously. As for the difficulties teachers face on the development of character values in the learning process is because of the number of students in the classroom so that teachers are difficult to develop those values because not all students get noticed The same individual. But teachers always give students a moral message in a classical, developing character values both in the classroom and out of class so that they become students of good behavior. Conclusion of this research is teachers have developed values of honesty, discipline, courtesy and courtesy, cooperation, responsibility, and mutual respect, and others well in class IV elementary School 8 Banda Aceh.

scholarly journals Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Ekonomi dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Snowball Throwing pada Kelas VIII MTS Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Raudah Raudah ◽  
Isna Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Data Collection Technique

This study aims to determine learning activities and learning outcomes. This type of research is Class Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this study were class VIII students of Usman bin Affan, MTs Hidayatul, Palangka Raya Individuals totalling 17 students. This data collection technique is observation and testing. Data analysis techniques are based on the results of the cycle during the learning process. The results of the study concluded that: (1) learning activities of students in Economics Social Studies learning by applying the cooperative learning model Snowball Throwing type in class VIII Usman bin Affan MTs Hidayatul Insanity Palangka Raya was more active, (2) there was an increase in Social Economics learning outcomes after applying the model cooperative learning Type Snowball Throwing on class VIII students of Usman bin Affan MTs Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Bahasa “Syirik Dalam Hukum Seperti Syirik dalam Ibadah” Materi Dakwah Abu Sulaiman Aman Abdurrahman

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Darsita Suparno
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Basic Technique ◽  
The Subject

The aims of this research are to find out the types of language used and language choice in term of Indonesian-Arabic, language style, and to identify some causal factors of language choice in the discourse of Abu Sulaiman Aman Abdurrahman's dakwah. This research uses Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis model The object of this research is the Indonesia-Arabic contained in the text of his da'wah. The research method is the match method followed by basic and advanced techniques. The basic technique is the basic technique of Determining Elements (PUP). This technique is used to classify Arabic vocabulary as a foreign language in the text. The advanced technique refers the equalizing appeal technique. The result of this research shows that the form of foreign language usage in this text is Arabic. There are three sentence’s pattern in the text, such as: imperative, exclamatory and declarative. The purpose of using imperative sentence pattern is likely to show request, attitude and principle; additionally, the aim of using exclamatory is to express strong emotions. On the other hand, declarative sentence is used to convey information or make statements and ask the audience would like to change the way of thinking from common law to Islamic law. The style of language and the use of sentences in the text of da'wah is oriented to the concept of Islamic shari'ah according to Aman viewpoint. There are several factors that cause language choice, namely: (1) the background of the subject, (2) the background of the place, (3) the need for synonyms, (4)   the speaker's bilingualism.---Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk pemakaian bahasa Indonesa-Arab, pola, dan faktor penyebab pemakaian bahasa itu pada wacana dakwah Abu Sulaiman Aman Abdurrahman. Objek penelitian ini adalah bahasa Indonesia-Arab yang terdapat pada naskah dakwahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode padan dengan diikuti teknik dasar dan lanjutan. Teknik dasar yang digunakan adalah teknik dasar Pilah Unsur Penentu. Teknik ini digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan kosakata bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa asing pada naskah dakwah tersebut. Teknik lanjutan yang digunakan adalah teknik hubung banding menyamakan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bentuk pemakaian bahasa asing yang terdapat pada isi dakwah ini adalah bahasa Arab. Bahasa Arab digunakan untuk menyatakan konsep hukum Islam. Pola pemakaian kalimat yaitu kalimat ajakan, seruan dan pernyataan. Pola ajakan digunakan untuk menunjukkan sikap dan pendiriannya, kalimat seruan digunakan agar khalayak mau melakukan apa yang diserukan, selanjutnya, kalimat pernyataan dipakai untuk merubah cara berpikir dari hukum umum ke hukum Islam. Pemakaian pola kalimat dan gaya  bahasa  pada naskah dakwah itu berorientasi pada konsep syari’at Islam menurut cara pandang Aman. Selain itu, ada beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan pemilihan bahasa yang dilakukan oleh Aman antara lain, (1) latar belakang pokok bahasan, (2) latar belakang tempat, (3) kebutuhan sinonim, (4) adanya kedwibahasaan penutur. DOI : 10.15408/bat.v24i1.7070

scholarly journals Strategies for Teaching Arabic Language And Its Impact on the Development of Writing Skills At Ibn Sina University of Education Sciences Kepanjen Malang/استراتيجيّات تعليم اللّغة العربيّة وأثرها في تنمية مهارة الكتابة في جامعة ابن سينا لعلوم التربية كفانجين مالانق

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Ilman Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Writing Students ◽  
Descriptive Approach

Writing is an important skill of language skills. Writing ability is also an essential goal of learning a foreign language. To achieve the desired goals, Arabic needs an effective and proportionate learning strategy for students' ability. Ibn Sina University for Education Sciences Kepanjen is one of the universities in which the Department of Arabic Language Education in Malang and with it the subjects that promote the skill of writing. Students learn these subjects in 3 semesters from the fifth through the seventh. Therefore, the teacher or teacher must use a positive strategy so that students do not feel bored. The researcher used the qualitative research approach and the descriptive approach. The result is that there are a number of strategies that contribute to the improvement of the process of teaching Arabic at Ibn Sina University for the sciences of education, especially in the skill of writing. These strategies are the PAKEM strategy in which the Guided Composition strategy, the Pragraf Building strategy and the Power of Two strategy have promoted the interest of students in the writing skill lesson.تعتبر الكتابة مهارة مهمة من مهارات اللغة. كما تعتبر القدرة على الكتابة هدفا أساسيا من أهداف تعلم اللغة الأجنبية. وللوصول إلى الأهداف المرجوة، تحتاج اللغة العربية إلى استيراتيجية تعليمها الفعال والمتناسب بقدرة الطلاب. جامعة ابن سينا لعلوم التربية كبنجين هي من إحدى الجامعات التي فيها قسم تعليم اللغة العربية في مالانق ومعها المواد الدراسية التي ترقي مهارة الكتابة. يتعلم الطلاب تلك المواد الدراسية خلال 3 فصول منذ فصل الخامس حتى فصل السابع. فلذلك لا بد على المعلم أو معلمة أن يستخدم استيراتيجية جذابية لكي لا يشعر الطلاب بالملل. واستخدمت الباحثة مدخل البحث الكيفي والمنهج الوصفي، وخرج بالنتائج هي: أن هناك مجموعة من الاستراتيجيات التي تسهم في إنجاج عملية تعليم اللغة العربية في جامعة ابن سينا لعلوم التربية خاصة في مهارة الكتابة. وتلك الاستيراتيجيات هي إستيراتيجية PAKEM التي فيها استيراجية Guided Composition واستيراتيجية Paragraf Building واستيراتيجية The Power of Two وكانت تلك الاستيراتيجية تسبب ترقية اهتمام الطلاب في درس مهارة الكتابة. 

scholarly journals SIGNIFIKANSI DISIPLIN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Sayu Safira Andalucy ◽  
Syamsuddin Ali Nasution ◽  
Hasan Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Collection Technique

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh disiplin belajar dalam  pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, asosiatif berupa sebab akibat. Penggunaan sampel sebanyak 55 siswa dari populasi 122 siswa. Teknik pengambilan hasil data menggunakan angket skala bertingkat, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan signifikansi persamaan regresi dengan hasil nilai Fhitung25.932 dan Ftabel dengan dfreg=1 dfres=53  adalah 4,03 pada taraf 5%. Dengan demikian Fhitung> Ftabel (25.932> 4,03) sehingga H0 ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara disiplin belajar dengan hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran akidah akhlak. Hasil koefisien determinasi yaitu 0.5732 = 0.328 artinya hasil yang ada dalam proses belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran akidah akhlak sebesar 32.8% dipengaruhi oleh disiplin belajar. Sedangkan 64.6% hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran akidah akhlak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain.KATA KUNCI: akidah akhlak, disiplin belajar, hasil belajar.  THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING DISCIPLINE AGAINST STUDENTS AT SUBJECT AQEEDAH MORALSABSTRACTThe purpose of research to determine whether or not the influence of learning discipline in instructional process of learning outcomes on the subjects of moral aqid. This research used quantitative, associative approach in the form of cause and effect. The sample use of 55 students from the population of 122 students. The data collection technique used multilevel scale questionnaire, observation, interview and documentation. The results showed the significance of regression equation with the result value of Fh25.932 and Ft with dfreg = 1 dfres = 53 is 4.03 at 5% level. Thus Fh> Ft (25.932> 4.03) so that Ho is rejected, it means there is a significant influence between the learning discipline with student learning outcomes subjects akidah akhlak. The result of coefficient of determination is 0.5732 = 0.328 means that the results of existing in the learning process of students on the subject of moral aqid is 32.8% influenced by the discipline of learning. While 64.6% of students' learning achievement subjects akidah akhlak influenced by other factors. 

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Aplikasi Macromedia Flash 8 Dalam Pembelajaran Kosakata Bahasa Arab

Al-Lisan ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Eka Dewi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The Subject

Language learning in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 is also influenced by technology information development, for example, on using an application in the teaching and learning process. The application is usually using as a medium for improving language skills or language components, such as vocabulary. One application is efficient and effective in teaching the Arabic language, especially Arabic language vocabulary is a Macromedia flash 8 application. The application can be used to solve the problem which still constraint the Arabic teacher and also the students. This article aims to research the Macromedia flash 8 application in learning Arabic vocabularies. This research used a research design method with procedures, need analysis, application design, application implementation, application evaluation, and application validation. The subject of this research was Islamic junior student's grade IX. The result showed that Macromedia flash 8 application was effective in improving students’ vocabulary, especially related to Islamic fasting, Ied Al-Adha, and hobby. They were presented using text, graphics, and animation. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document