The problem of cognitive impairment in neurological practice (reference review)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4 (72)) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Purdenko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Diseases ◽  
Success Of Treatment ◽  
The Brain

The article presents an analysis of the literature on the problem of cognitive disorders. It is in old age, when vascular and neurodegenerative diseases of the brain are most frequently diagnosed, leading to cognitive disorders of varying severity: from mild to severe. Early diagnosis of cerebral diseases increases significantly the chances of success of treatment to the problem.

scholarly journals Features of diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic brain ischemia

2016 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
N.P. Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Ischemia ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

One of the major problems in modern health care are cerebrovascular disease, which occupy a leading place in the structure of mortality and disability in the population. Among the many clinical features of chronic ischemia of the brain is a key manifestation of cognitive impairment that often determine the severity of condition and quality of life of the patient and his relatives. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment is very important, as the timely appointment of therapy may prevent or at least delay the development of dementia.

scholarly journals Use and understanding of functional cognitive disorder terminology in United Kingdom clinical practice - a survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S277-S277
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nash ◽  
Jon Stone ◽  
Alan Carson ◽  
Craig Ritchie ◽  
Laura McWhirter
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Case Vignettes

AimsThis study aimed to explore the terms used by old-age psychiatrists and psychologists to describe subjective and mild cognitive impairment and functional cognitive disorders (FCD) in clinical practice.MethodParticipants were selected from across the United Kingdom based on their clinical involvement in the assessment of cognitive complaints. 9 old-age psychiatrists and 4 psychologists were interviewed about their use of terminology in clinical practice and their awareness and understanding of FCD terminology via semi-structured interview questions and case vignettes. Interviews were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 using online platforms Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Participants were recruited by email and Twitter. All questions were asked verbally; however, the four case vignettes were displayed via screen-share. All discussions and answers were transcribed and transcripts were coded manually using the exploratory case study methodology in order to identify themes in participants’ responses.ResultThis study has highlighted the variable use of terms used to describe and diagnose patients presenting with symptoms of cognitive disorders. The terms ‘mild cognitive impairment’, ‘subjective cognitive decline’ and ‘functional cognitive disorder’ were used most commonly amongst participants, though the terms ‘subjective cognitive impairment’ and ‘pseudodementia’ were also presented. This theme of language discontinuity is underscored by participants’ varying use of terminology when describing or presenting their diagnoses for the case vignettes. The data also reveals a sub-theme of variability in application of the term FCD. Whilst all participants gave similar definitions for this term, the application of FCD as a diagnosis in practice was inconsistent. Six participants described FCD as associated with or secondary to other functional or psychiatric conditions, four participants viewed FCD as an isolated diagnosis, and one participant considered FCD to be either part of another illness or a separate diagnosis. Two participants neither used nor recognised the term FCD.ConclusionIt is evident that there is varied use of terms describing or diagnosing forms of cognitive symptoms. The findings of this study highlight the need for a clear, adoptable definition of FCD in practice as well as implementable management plans for FCD patients. This is critical in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mismanagement, which may have harmful effects on patients living with debilitating cognitive symptoms.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL USE OF SULFORAPHANE AS A NEUROPROTECTOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
S. A. Tsiumpala ◽  
K. M. Starchevska ◽  
V. I. Lushchak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Use

Introduction. Under normal conditions, oxidative stress and proinflammatory processes are tightly controlled. However, during neuroinflammation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), homeostasis is disrup­ted, which may lead to development of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Inflammatory processes may result in neurodegenerative disorders. Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate compound which has potential for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Its therapeutic potential is based on the ability to activate transcription of genes, that regulate protective cellular mechanisms. The importance of stu­dying sulforaphane as a neuroprotector is based on the fact, that dementias are the seventh leading cause of death glo­bally and actively progress due to aging of human population. In this review, the anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane in the brain and its use as a potential neuroprotector in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. The aim of the study – to review available literature sources on the potential use of sulforaphane to prevent or mitigate neuroinflammation. Conclusions. Economic and technological development of mankind and the improvement of the general qua­lity of life leads to prolongation of human life. But, achievements of longevity give new challenges to humanity. In young age and early adulthood, the organisms can relatively easily maintain homeostasis, then in old age intensification of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes can lead to the development of dementias and mental disorders. What should we do now to save clear mind in old age? In this review, sulforaphane is considered to be a potential neuroprotector. Biologically active supplements and drugs containing sulforaphane can weaken up inflammatory processes in the brain and in the body in general, and therefore they can be used for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals 548 - Cognitive aging and cognitive reserve

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Alena Sidenkova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionThe aging processes are accelerating in all regions of the world. The involvement of older people in production and social processes determines the need to maintain a high level of social and psychological adaptation, despite the progressive pathology of the brain caused by its aging. This increases the relevance of research related to the study of biological reserves of the brain and psychological and social mechanisms of human adaptation in late adulthood. The risk of developing cognitive disorders is not fatal. According to some observations, even in the hippocampal type of UKR, despite the content of amyloid in the brain, the functional and social activity of the elderly remains high. Prospective studies show that people with high cognitive reserve have a lower risk of developing dementia. Cognitive reserve is the brain’s resistance to damage. Cognitive reserve is the ability of the brain to cope with the consequences of damage caused by external influences, brain stroke, chronic brain ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, and age-related changes. Cognitive reserve is the brain’s ability to functionally compensate for and minimize clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment. The mechanisms of cognitive reserve in normal and Alzheimer’s disease are different. In healthy older adults, a higher cognitive reserve correlates with larger brain sizes and effective strategies for performing cognitive tasks. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, the size of the brain decreases. But high brain activity helps preserve cognitive resources. Excessive brain activity in dementia is a compensatory mechanism. This is confirmed by the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Of course, the degree of brain atrophy is a predisposing factor for dementia, but it is not a mandatory factor for cognitive decline. So, the symptoms of dementia do not appear until you have crossed the critical border of damage to the brain substance. Progressive brain atrophy underlies the clinical manifestations of dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, but the correlation between the degree of brain damage and cognitive impairment is not linear.Research materials and methodsAn observational 10-year longitudinal study was conducted. In 2006, moderate cognitive impairment was found in 66 patients. The group of patients included 49 women and 49 men. Their average age in 2006 was 59.3±5.2 years. In 2006, the severity of cognitive decline was 26.2±1.9 points on the MMSE scale. This corresponds to indicators of moderate cognitive impairment. Research methods: clinical and psychopathological, psychometric, statistical. Questionnaire “Loss and acquisition of personal resources” (N. Vodopyanova, M. Stein), MMSE scale.Research resultIn 2006, amyloid was detected in the spinal fluid of all patients selected for the study group. If a patient developed dementia, they were given specific therapy. The dynamics of cognitive functions in patients was different. Mild dementia was formed in 53% of patients. Moderate dementia was formed in 10.6% of patients. Moderate cognitive impairment (pre-dementia) persisted in 36.4% of patients. Hereditary burden of dementia in patients with moderate dementia was detected 2 times more often. Back in 2006, we identified the leading sensory systems of patients. The master sensor system determines the modality of the main information flow. This is the most important part of the information that a person interacts with. This is the basis of interaction with reality. This is the basis of cognitive functions. Correlations of age-specific lesions of the corresponding sensory systems with the severity of cognitive decline were found in patients with the corresponding sensory modality (Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient-r, p<0.05): presbyacoussis – auditory r=0.667, presbyopia-visual r=0.705. The influence of psychosocial factors on the condition of patients was studied. In dementia, significant history of psychotrauma was found in 35.7%. Moderate stress was detected in the group of patients with moderate cognitive impairment in 33.3%. Moderate stress was detected in the group of patients with dementia in 83.3%. Stress of loss of life meaning was detected more often in patients with dementia 76.7%. It is important not only what stresses a person endures, but how they can cope with them. Dementia patients were statistically more likely to have unproductive coping strategies that did not help them cope adequately with stress.ConclusionsThe concept of cognitive reserve suggests possible causes of heterogeneity in the dynamics of cognitive decline in the initial stages of atrophic-degenerative brain diseases: biological causes and psychosocial causes. The concept of cognitive reserve helps to study and develop individual programs for the prevention of severe cognitive disorders.

scholarly journals Awareness of Medical Workers with Early Diagnosis of Cognitive Disorders at the Primary Health Care Level in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 595-600
Author(s):  
Assel Tukinova ◽  
Gulnar M. Shalgumbayeva ◽  
Zhanna A. Mussabekova ◽  
Roza A. Abzalova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
The Republic

   BACKGROUND: Early detection of cognitive impairments (CIs) has been identified as one of the most important factors for the treatment of the disease. The World Alzheimer report 2011 states that the earlier a diagnosis is known, the better patients can be treated medically, patients and their family members can adapt to the development and learn to deal with the disease. Early diagnosis also leads to higher cost-effectivity, which will further improve, when treatments and social care interventions become more effective in future. It is the first-contact doctor who becomes the main figure in identifying the patient’s cognitive disorders. AIM: This study aimed to research the awareness of medical workers with early diagnosis of cognitive disorders at the PHC level in Kazakhstan. METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study. A survey of primary healthcare workers was conducted to study the early diagnosis of CI in the elderly in the period from December 2019 to March 2020. The questionnaire was developed independently according to international finding and experiences and passed the validation process. The questionnaire included questions such as age, gender, nationality, education, specialty, work experience, conduct early diagnosis of CI or not, what methods respondents know, time available for admission for early diagnosis, desire to learn early diagnosis methods, and the region of residence. RESULTS: The total number of respondents was 823. To the question, “Do you check older patients for early cognitive impairment?” 335 (40.7%) answered “no.” To the question “Do you have time to use methods for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly during admission?” “no” – 354 (43%). To the question “Would you like to learn methods for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in the elderly?” The answer was “yes” 759 (92.2%) of respondents. This study reveals that the presence of time during admission, the region of residence, and the desire to study affect whether elder people check for early CI or not, in turn, specialty, education, gender, nationality, age, and work experience do not affect. We have identified a relationship of age, region of residence with the availability of time during admission to use methods for early diagnosis of CI, while it was absent with work experience. The region of residence, the availability of time during admission, and education influenced the respondents’ desire to learn early diagnosis methods, while age and work experience did not. CONCLUSION: The problem of early diagnosis of CI in the elderly at the PHC level is relevant and not fully understood. Early detection of CI at the PHC level is a key element in the fight against such a serious condition as dementia.

Brain, Eyes, Light: Biological Electrical Magnetism of Light and Neurorehabilitation of Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 129-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pyatin ◽  
N. Romanchuk ◽  
P. Romanchuk ◽  
A. Volobuev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Multimodal Interaction ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
The Brain

Biological electrical magnetism of light and neural networks of the brain is the adaptation and optimization of external and internal lighting conditions (type, nature, duration) to improve the cognitive brain. Homo sapiens brain operates in a 24-hour biological electrical magnetic environment. Light is the strongest synchronizing signal for the circadian system, and therefore keeps most biological and psychological rhythms internally synchronized, which is important for the optimal functioning of H. sapiens brain. Circadian Sleep–Wake disorders and chronic circadian misalignment, often seen in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, may be effective in neurorehabilitation of cognitive impairment. Beneficial effects on circadian synchronization, sleep quality, mood and cognitive performance-depend on the time, intensity and spectral composition of light exposure. Multidisciplinary and multimodal interaction in the triad “brain–eyes–vessels” allows to identify early biomarkers of both General accelerated and pathological aging, and timely diagnose neurodegeneration, and conduct effective neurorehabilitation of cognitive disorders. Control and treatment of vascular risk factors and endocrine disorders can reduce the prevalence of long-term disability among the elderly population. Combined and hybrid methods of neuroimaging in conjunction with artificial intelligence technologies, allow to understand and diagnose neurological disorders and find new methods of neurorehabilitation and medical and social support that will lead to improved mental health. To restore circadian neuroplasticity of the brain, a multimodal scheme is proposed: circadian glasses, functional nutrition and physical activity. A combined and hybrid cluster in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of cognitive disorders and cognitive disorders has been developed and implemented.

scholarly journals Interactions of Amyloid-β with Membrane Proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Benita Wiatrak ◽  
Janusz Piasny ◽  
Amadeusz Kuźniarski ◽  
Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

In developing and developed countries, an increasing elderly population is observed. This affects the growing percentage of people struggling with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Nevertheless, the pathomechanism of this disease is still unknown. This contributes to problems with early diagnosis of the disease as well as with treatment. One of the most popular hypotheses of Alzheimer’s disease is related to the pathological deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain of ill people. In this paper, we discuss issues related to Aβ and its relationship in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The structure of Aβ and its interaction with the cell membrane are discussed. Not only do the extracellular plaques affect nerve cells, but other forms of this peptide as well.

scholarly journals Algorithm prediction of cognitive impairment

2015 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
N.K. Svyrydova ◽  
T.P. Parnikoza ◽  
G.M. Chupryna ◽  
R.V. Sulikom ◽  
G.S. Lubenets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Profile

The most strong and independent risk factor for cognitive disorders are age because the brain undergoes a series of regular changes that make it more vulnerable to various pathological effects. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with atherosclerosis of coronary and cerebral arteries in the early stages of development (for example, at the stage of mild cognitive disorders) hard due to ignorance of doctors therapeutic profile of peculiarities and rate of progression of cognitive impairment in hypertensive patients, especially their maintenance and necessary neuropsychological testing.

scholarly journals Poststroke cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Parfenov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Brain

Cognitive impairment (CI) is one of the leading causes of disability after stroke; CI is observed in more than half of patients and reaches a pronounced degree (of dementia) in every three to five patients. CI in poststroke patients is often caused not only by focal vascular lesions of the brain, but also by the presence of concomitant vascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The treatment and prevention of progressive CI are based on stroke prevention, non-drug and drug methods to improve cognitive functions. Blood pressure normalization during antihypertensive therapy is most effective in preventing the progression of CI in stroke patients. The use of Actovegin in patients with CI after stroke is discussed. The results of the author's own 5-year follow-up of 350 patients with stroke are presented.

scholarly journals Bacterial overgrowth syndrome with hyperammonemia as a cause of cognitive disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
L. G. Vologzhanina ◽  
E. N. Borodina ◽  
O. A. Igumnova ◽  
A. A. Trapeznikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
The Brain

The growth of cognitive impairment (CI) in clinical practice makes us search for their new pathogenetic mechanisms, among which the effect of intestinal microbiota on the brain is currently being actively studied. The mechanisms of interaction of the axis “brain - microbiota” have not been completely studied. The aim of this study was to confirm the possible effect on the brain of the neurotoxin ammonia, which rises in the blood due to the syndrome of excessive bacterial growth (SIBO). Materials and methods: The article presents data from a clinical observation, which included an examination of 70 patients of the gastrocenter in Perm with dyspepsia syndrome, who studied changes in the intestinal microbiota, the level of ammonia of capillary blood, and cognitive impairment, and conducted a correlation analysis. Results: According to the results of a statistical analysis of the obtained data, we did not find any significant changes or significant correlations between the studied parameters. However, the identified tendency in the connection “SIBO - hyperammonemia - cognitive impairment” suggests that the presence of SIBO can aggravate the severity of not only existing gastroenterological manifestations, but also be a risk factor for hyperammonemia, as well as contribute to the formation of impaired human cognitive functions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document