scholarly journals Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Melalui Desentralisasi Pendidikan

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233
Author(s):  
Toifur Toifur
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Area ◽  
The People ◽  
Government Power ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
The Will ◽  
Decentralization Of Education ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Along with the passing of decentralization of education, it is the impact of government decentralization as a form of Law Number 22 of 1999. Decentralization of education is not just deconcentralization of the central government power delivered to the autonomous regions, but the decentralization of education regarding the very basic problem, namely education belongs to the people and for the people, the process of developing social capital and intellectual capacity of a nation. In this case, the development of education sector in each autonomous region to be conducted. This means that, given the will to organize, empower, reforming the learning process and develop a local curriculum in accordance with the needs and characteristics of the local area. Success or failure of autonomy or the decentralization of education in the era of regional autonomy is determined by three factors which strongly support, namely, the central government, local governments, and schools. Each of these factors has different roles. Yet the differences are owned does not mean nothing related to each other, even the differences are a job distribution, which are mutually support and sustain a successful application in the concept of autonomy and decentralization of education. It may therefore be understood that decentralization provides an opportunity and vast opportunities for each educational unit to improve the quality of education. Keywords: Decentralization, Education Quality, the Education Unit.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Kebijakan Diseminasi Informasi Kinerja Lembaga Legislatif Daerah Dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Demokrasi

Jurnal Common ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahi M Hikmat
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Local Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
The People ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Government ◽  
Local Representative ◽  
The Voice

Salah satu perubahan paradigma yang mendasar dari lahirnya kebijakan otonomi daerah adalah penguatan aksebilitas rakyat terhadap kebijakan yang dibuat Pemerintah Daerah. Hal itu diwujudkan dengan penguatan eksistensi DPRD (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah) sebagai representasi kehendak rakyat. Sebagaimana amanah Pasal 18 ayat (3) UUD 1945, DPRD dipilih melalui Pemilu oleh rakyat daerah, sehingga suara DPRD merupakan suara rakyat daerah.Diseminasi informasi kinerja Legislatif Daerah merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam penguatan DPRD, sehingga harus dioptimalkan dalam kerangka mendorong kualitas demokrasi di daerah. Untuk mengungkap tujuan tersebut dilakukan kajian yuridis dengan menggunakan pendekatan subyektif dan metode deskriptif kualitatif.Kajian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan, 1). Banyak peraturan perundangan yang terkait dengan lembaga Legislatif Daerah mengamanahkan urgensi diseminasi informasi kinerja sebagai bagian dari pertanggungjawaban publik dan merupakan bagian penting dari penguatan kualitas demokrasi di daerah; 2). Semua kegiatan dalam implementasi amanah peraturan perundangan terkait dengan fungsi, tugas dan wewenang, hak dan kewajiban, merupakan hal penting untuk didiseminasikan kepada publik, kecuali informasi yang harus dirahasiakan menurut peraturan perundangan; 3) Model alternatif diseminasi informasi kinerja adalah Model Persuasi Hugh Rank yang lebih menguatkan pelibatan komponen pokok, mengekspose secara intensif ide-ide, peristiwa, kegiatan atau substansi diseminasi informasi lainnya yang bernilai kebaikan dan kelebihan sisi positif) serta memainkan, menyamarkan, atau menyembunyikan (downplay) aspek-aspek sisi negatif. AbstractOne of the paradigm changes which inherent from the birth of local autonomy policy is strengthening the accessibility of the people to the policies of the government made by local government. It occurred in strengthening existence of local representative (DPRD) as representatives of the will of the people. As the mandate of article 18 paragraph ( 3 ) 1945 constitution, local representative was elected through general election by local people, that the voice of local representative is the voice of the local people.Information dissemination of local legislative performance becomes really important part in strengthening parliament. To uncover the purpose of juridical, the study was conducted with the use of subjective approach and a method of descriptive qualitative study.This study finds several conclusions, 1) Many laws relating to the legislative institutions gives urgency disseminate information performance as part of accountability public and an essential part of strengthening the quality of democracy in the local area; 2) All activities implementation of legislation relating to the function, responsibility and authority, rights and obligations, are crucial to be disseminated to the public, except for information which should be confidential according to legislation; 3) Model of alternative disseminate information performance is a persuasion model of Hugh Rank, which more strengthens the principal engagement, exposes intensively ideas, events, activity or other substance of information dissemination which is good and excess (the positive side) and which plays, disguises, or downplays the negative sides.

Income and Life Quality of Farmer Households Suffering Social Exclusion

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-87
Author(s):  
Anh Mai Ngoc ◽  
Ha Do Thi Hai ◽  
Huyen Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Economic Aspect ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

Understanding the impact of mandatory accrual accounting on management practices: interpretation of Japanese local governments’ behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232198895
Author(s):  
Makoto Kuroki ◽  
Keiko Ishikawa ◽  
Kiyoshi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Accrual Accounting ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Accompanying the spread of “new public management” since the 1980s, accrual accounting and results-based management has become a global standard. However, whether accrual accounting results in successful outcomes and which drivers lead to the intended impacts of the reform have been contested. Given the mixed arguments in the literature, we set out two research questions: (1) “Have public sector organizations realized any positive impacts on management practices by adopting mandatory accrual accounting?”; and (2) “What are the primary drivers of such impacts?” To answer these questions, we examine the impact on management practices by analyzing a survey to ascertain how financial department officers in Japanese local governments perceive the benefits of adopting mandatory accrual accounting on management practices. The results indicate that they have so far not recognized the intended benefits, though they had expected higher benefits in internal control. Then, we use technical-rational, socio-political, and institutional isomorphic perspectives in a comprehensive approach to understand the impacts on management practices. The logistic analysis shows that financial managers in local governments that do not have a majority party in the assembly, but consist of several parties in power, as well as in those with greater financial dependence on the central government, perceive higher benefits. Further, we find that financial managers that imitate other local governments as a form of mimetic pressure perceive fewer benefits. The results show that some technical-rational tools, socio-political conditions, and institutional pressures change the perceived benefits for public managers of adopting mandatory accrual accounting. Points for practitioners We find that some technical-rational, socio-political, and institutional factors explain the intended internal benefits of the mandatory adoption of accrual accounting. In practice, financial managers in local government feel the merits of accrual accounting in less autonomy in not only politics, but also finance, and few mimetic conditions. It might be understood that difficult situations would drive practitioners to use mandatory information.

scholarly journals Citizen’s Charter a Mechanism for Accountability: An Analysis of India Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Ramthanpuia Pachuau
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The People ◽  
Official Statement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Country

The initiatives of Citizen’s Charter are an effort in solving citizen’s problems that they encounter regularly over a long time while dealing with the government or any other organizations. It is a document of an official statement that ensures the accountability of the organization and their commitment towards the citizen in providing the quality of service. The charter aimed to revolutionize public service by empowering the people who were so long regarded as a silent spectator and a mere receiver on the government policies and programmes. In a democratic country, citizens have become more vocals towards the government responsibilities and they expect the administration not only to respond to their demands but also to foresee their needs in the future. In India, the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances in Government (DARPG) is in charge of organizing, directing, formulating, and operationalizing Citizen's Charters at the Central Government as well as States Government. However, the fulfillment of Citizen’s Charter in India faced many difficulties due to its government bureaucratic structure and resistant to change in its working system.

scholarly journals World local government control and reference value for Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Dang Phuc Vu ◽  
◽  
Thi Thanh Nga Nguyen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Government Control ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Control

Control of local governments in countries around the world is very diverse,but mainly divided into two categories: 1) control of state agencies (central government control, court control, control of local power representations); 2) control of social institutions including political party control over local government, control of organizations and public associations, control of the media, and control of the people. The paper focuses on analysing the controlling local governments in some countries, thereby giving reference values for Vietnam.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Zuzana Stofkova ◽  
Peter Seemann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The paper deals with the quality of life and the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on people’s lives in Slovakia and in selected region. The concept of quality of life and dimensions of quality of life, which are necessary for its evaluation are mentioned, too. It also describes the current state of the issue in Slovakia and abroad on the basis of the selected indicators, where individual countries of the world are compared. Purpose of the article: There are mentioned approaches to quality of life assessment and to conduct a survey of quality of life in a selected region which deals with the development of the quality of life. The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in Slovakia and abroad. Various definitions of the term quality of life through several authors and views. Methods: Indices in a global and national level for assessment of selected aspects of objective and subjective quality of life in terms of pandemics COVID-19 are mentioned. In order to assess the impact of a pandemic related to COVID-19 on satisfaction of citizens with several aspects of their lives in selected region is analyzed on the basis of an e-survey. Findings & Value added: The result of the article is a comparison of individual indicators of the subjective quality of life in selected EU member states and the Slovak Republic. A survey of the satisfaction of the inhabitants of selected region with selected areas of quality of their lives connected with the COVID-19 pandemic is carried out in order to monitor and evaluate the quality of life at the level of local governments.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Accountability Mechanisms on Fiscal Management Challenges Facing Goromonzi Rural District Council, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Trust Madhovi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Fiscal Management ◽  
District Council ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of social accountability mechanisms on the fiscal management challenges facing local government bodies in Zimbabwe. The paper hypothesises that there is a positive relationship between the use of social accountability mechanisms or tools by local authorities and the effectiveness of their fiscal management policies to mobilize more revenue for service delivery. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods are adopted in gathering and analysing data from central government officials, Goromonzi Rural District Council employees and members of the public. The results of the study reveal that the local government body faces a number of fiscal management challenges that include a shrinking tax base, non-payment of taxes, resistance to successive budgets; lack of implementation; lack of monitoring and evaluation. Council has implemented participatory budgeting to deal with some of these challenges. While results show a significant improvement in tax collection, some of the challenges have persisted. The paper proposes some recommendations useful to central government, policy makers, civil society organisations, local government officials and the general public. The paper manages to demonstrate that the implementation of social accountability tools can have positive impacts on the fiscal management challenges facing local governments. 

scholarly journals Seducing for Truth and Justice: Civil Society Initiatives for the 1965 Mass Violence in Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Lestari Wahyuningroem
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The World

The article examines both civil society initiatives that seek to address the mass violence of 1965 and 1966 and the state's responses to them. Unlike other political-transition contexts in the world, a transitional justice approach is apparently a formula that state authorities have found difficult to implement nationally for this particular case. The central government has, through its institutions, sporadically responded to some of the calls from civil society groups and has even initiated policy reforms to support such initiatives. Nevertheless, these responses were not sustained and any suggested programmes have always failed to be completed or implemented. Simultaneously, however, NGOs and victims are also voicing their demands at the local level. Many of their initiatives involve not only communities but also local authorities, including in some cases the local governments. In some aspects, these “bottom-up” approaches are more successful than attempts to create change at the national level. Such approaches challenge what Kieran McEvoy refers to as an innate “seductive” quality of transitional justice, but at the same time these approaches do, in fact, aim to “seduce” the state to adopt measures for truth and justice.

scholarly journals National-Local Networks and Immigration Governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376
Author(s):  
Jill L. Tao
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
The Impact

The ability to regulate the flow of goods, capital and people across borders is one of the defining characteristics of nation-state political power. But there is not always agreement between the central government and local officials as to the desirability of immigration, where local governments may desire greater, or fewer, numbers of immigrants, depending on the local economy and labor needs. In South Korea, a unitary form of government offers an opportunity to examine the policy distance between the national government’s stance on immigration based on the politics of the ruling party, and the attitudes of local officials who work for metropolitan-level governments (those with a population of one million or more). I look at the impact of local economic market needs on local attitudes towards national immigration policy through the lens of intergovernmental relations and Lipsky’s concept of bureaucratic discretion. Comparing two cases drawn from local governments in South Korea with dissimilar economic bases but similar levels of local autonomy, I find that economic needs at the local level are addressed by local approaches to immigration policy. Contrary to expectations, the cases illustrate the relative importance of fiscal autonomy and a new understanding for political autonomy. These cases illustrate the need for caution when applying political and institutional theory within new contexts and offer new variables for future investigations of local autonomy.

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