Functional-semantic field of quantity (number) in systematically different languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-231
Author(s):  
Aliyeva Gulchohra Babali
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Field ◽  
Ontological Category ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Colloquial Language

This article studies the problem of the functional-semantic field of quantity (number) in systematically (structurally) different languages. The author analyses various language structures with the meaning of quantity obtained from 18 monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. The peculiarities of the functioning of these structures are recorded based on a continuous sampling from the literary and journalistic works of the English, American, Russian, and Japanese authors. The research considers the ontological category of quantity (number) conceptualizing in a language and being a language category of quantitativeness. The analysis is performed based onliterary and journalistic works, colloquial language. It is established that the category of quantity (number) is essential for all the languages studied. The grammatical category of number is represented through the opposition of singularity and plurality, duality. The functional-semantic field of quantity (number) is represented through four main parameters: composition, measurability, deviation, and state. The research results are that the author discovers that the functional-semantic field of quantity consists of two quantitative macrofields – definite and indefinite.

SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY OF MULTICOMPONENT VERBAL PHRASEO-COMBINATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Е.О. Ковыршина
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
German Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Concrete Language

Постановка задачи. В статье на материале собранного корпуса фразеологических единиц (в количестве 1828 ФЕ), полученного методом сплошной выборки из немецкоязычных и двуязычных словарей, выделяются и анализируются с синтаксической позиции многокомпонентные фразеоединицы со структурой словосочетания с главным словом - глаголом. Способом буквального перевода определяются синтаксические типы, которые активно используются для создания многокомпонентных глагольных фразеосочетаний (МКГФС), выявляется специфика синтаксических типов немецких ФС и создается синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка. Результаты. На основе изученного материала было выделено восемь синтаксических типов МКГФС. В ходе исследования с помощью метода квантитативного анализа были установлены наиболее частотные типы структурно-синтаксических схем, активно образующие многокомпонентные глагольные фразеосочетания. Выделение синтаксических типов немецких МКГФС и их анализ позволили установить специфику синтаксической организации МКГФС немецкого языка. Выводы. На основе проведенного исследования была создана синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка, одного из наиболее многочисленных классов многокомпонентных фразеоединиц с разнообразной синтаксической организацией. Установлено, что в немецком языке существуют специальные синтаксические структуры из трех и более словоформ, которые используются для создания многокомпонентных фразеосочетаний. Анализ МКГФС позволил выявить специфику немецких типов с двумя глагольными компонентами и выделить самый продуктивный, частотный (566 ФС) тип МКГФС со структурой сложного словосочетания. Проведенное исследование и дальнейшее изучение синтаксических типов других многокомпонентых ФЕ - неглагольных типов, ФЕ со структурой предложения позволят расширить и углубить знания о многокомпонентных фразеоединицах, занимающих весомое место в фразеологической системе немецкого языка. Изучение типов структурно-синтаксических схем МКГФС и других многокомпонентных ФЕ, являющихся конкретным языковым воплощением структурной модели ФС, открывает новые перспективы в области синтаксического моделирования немецкого языка. Statement of the problem. In the article on the material of the assembled corpus of phraseological units (in the amount of 1828 PU), obtained by the method of continuous sampling from German-language and bilingual dictionaries, multicomponent phraseological units with a phrase structure with the main word - a verb consisting of three or more components are selected and analyzed from the syntactic position. The method of literal translation determines the syntactic types that are actively used to create multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC), the specificity of syntactic is revealed. types of German PC and syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language is created. Results. Based on the material studied, eight syntactic types of MCVPC were distinguished. In the course of the study, using the method of quantitative analysis, the most frequency types of structural-syntactic schemes were established that actively form multicomponent verbal phrase combinations. Syntax type extraction of German MCVPC and their analysis made it possible to establish the specifics of the syntactic organization of the MCVPC of the German language. Conclusion. A syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language, one of the most numerous classes of multicomponent phraseological units with a diverse syntactic organization was created on the basis of the study. It is established that in the German language there are special syntactic structures of three or more word forms that are used to create multicomponent phrase combinations. The analysis of MCVPC revealed the specificity of German types with two verb components and highlighted the most productive, frequency (566PC) type of MCVPC with the structure of a complex phrase. The study of the syntactic types of other multicomponent phraseological units - non-verb types, phraseological units with a sentence structure will allow us to expand and deepen our knowledge of multicomponent phraseological units, which occupy a significant place in the phraseological system of the German language. Study of the structural-syntactic schemes types of the MCVPC and other multicomponent phraseological units, which are the concrete language embodiment of the structural model of the FS, opens up new prospects in the field of syntactic modeling of the German language.

Object Categorization of the English Nominations for Animals Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Rozhkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Object Categorization ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Anatomical Objects ◽  
Conceptual Research

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of features of object categorization in veterinary terminology for animal diseases. The relevance of the article is due to the need to study the object categorization in the formation, structuring and functioning of the English terminology of veterinary medicine, in particular the terms for animal diseases. The analysis was performed using definitive, semantic, categorical and conceptual research methods. The purpose of the research is to study object categorization of the English terms for animal diseases. Materials and methods of research. English veterinary terms that name animal diseases, obtained by the method of continuous sampling from specialized dictionaries were chosen as the material for research Results of the research. The category OBJECT is widely used in veterinary terminology, as it is one of the basic categories for the classification of concepts that are nominated by terms for animal diseases. Terms representing the category of OBJECT are divided into three groups: 1) terms for affected anatomical objects; 2) terms for pathological objects; 3) terms to indicate the diseases of certain animals. The author represents groups of nominations that correspond to the category OBJECT. Thus, the category of OBJECT is widely used in veterinary terminology, as it is one of the basic categories that play an important role in the formation of a scientific concept, as well as in the formation of the name that reflects it. Conclusions. Object categorization is one of the principles of classification of animal diseases, on the basis of which the process of cognition of objects of veterinary medicine is realized, as well as the formation, structuring and functioning of English terminology for animal diseases. We see the prospect of research in identifying a set of language tools in English that are used to verbalize the category OBJECT in the terminology for animal diseases.

scholarly journals English in the Pandemic: Changes and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
L. L. Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Arrangement

The article sheds light on some of the new developments in English under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic: namely, various types of neologisms, which have appeared over the past year and a half. The paper offers an overview of these new formations, supplemented by discourse analysis. The study is based on the material gleaned from online editions of The Economist newspaper, with the examples selected using the method of continuous sampling. Research results indicate that the majority of neologisms are portmanteau words; however, abbreviations, compounds and new coinages referring to people’s work arrangement are also encountered. In addition, some data on the increase in dictionary searches for words connected with the pandemic are adduced. COVID-19 has boosted the capacity of the English language for expanding its vocabulary, and the changes brought about by this process should be thoroughly studied and understood.

scholarly journals Money in Economic Activity and Language of the Old Believers of the South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Olga Rovnova
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
The South ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Lexical Field

The article investigates how lexemes within the lexical field “Money” are used in the Russian dialects of Old Believers spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Uruguay. The study addresses the use of recently borrowed names for monetary units as well as of the original Russian nouns. The dialectal material is compared with the data from the Dictionary of Contemporary Russian Colloquial Language and from a variety of dialectal dictionaries. Special attention is given to the names for Russian monetary units rublʹ and kopejka. The word kopejka has retained some of the original Russian figurative meanings and developed a new one. The fact that kopejka has not fallen into disuse in the figurative meaning is not surprising given that original Russian idioms are very well preserved in the dialects in question, including those with kopejka (the latter are analysed in the article). The study has demonstrated significant similarity between the Old Believers’ dialects in South America and Russian varieties spoken in Russia with respect to the semantic field “Money”. At the same time, the analysis has revealed several properties which are unique to the Old Believers’ dialects. These include deviations in lexical meaning, in collocational and stylistic properties, and in usage.

scholarly journals Compound adjectives in the Erzya and Hungarian languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
Tatiana P. Ariskina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Large Groups

Introduction. Compounding is one of the leading ways to update vocabulary. A compound word is the result of combining two or more meanings at the lexical-semantic, word-formation, syntactic levels, which determines versatile approaches to its study, including comparative-historical. The purpose of the research is a comparative historical study of compound adjectives of the Erzya and Hungarian languages. It can be achieved by considering the formation patterns of compound adjectives; analysis of compound adjectives in Erzya and Hungarian; identifying the types of relationships between the components of a compound word; statistical calculations. Materials and Methods. The material for analysis was formed by the method of continuous sampling from bilingual dictionaries: Erzya-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. It used the methods for determining the genetic affiliation of language data, establishing a system of correspondences and anomalies in the compared languages; spatial localization of linguistic phenomena. Research and Discussion. Compounding in the Erzya and Hungarian languages are divided into two large groups: 1) formed on the basis of a compositional connection and 2) created on the basis of a subordinate connection between components. As the study showed, complex adjectives of the subordinate type in the Erzya language are few in number, while in the Hungarian language they constitute the majority. This group includes words with the first part – an adjective, a noun, a numeral. Compound adjectives of a compositional type, prevailing in the Erzya language, can be formed as a result of the merger of two proper adjectives, two derived adjectives, repetition of derived adjectives. In the Hungarian language, the share of complex adjectives of the compositional type is small. Among them there are the ones paired and formed by the type of twin words. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the formation of complex adjectives in the Hungarian and Erzya languages is an active process.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Grammatical Category of Gender by Fernão de Oliveira

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
S. V. Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Gender ◽  
Gender Classification ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Linguistic Data ◽  
Gender Category ◽  
Nasal Vowels ◽  
Definition Of

The present research featured the definition of grammatical gender category as it was coined by Fernão’s de Oliveira (1507–1581), a prominent Portuguese linguist that wrote the first Grammar of the Portuguese Language (1536), where he outlaid the main principles of gender classification. The research was based on F. de Oliveira’s works, namely The Grammar of the Portuguese Language, The Art of Sea Warfare, The Voyage of Fernão de Magalhães, and The Book of Shipbuilding. The linguistic data were selected from the above-mentioned works based on linguistic criteria by the method of continuous sampling. The article also describes various gender definition methods, e.g. morphonology, morphology, anaphora, syntax, secondary morphologization, words of one flexion, and vocalic inflexion (alternation of open and closed, pure and nasal vowels). The analysis of Oliveira’s speculations on grammatical gender revealed that the Portuguese grammarian failed to cover the issues of Singularia / Pluralia tantum, grammatical doublets, toponyms, epicenes, possessive pronouns, and participles.

scholarly journals Język opisów natury w "Balladach i romansach" Adama Mickiewicza (obrazy wody, nieba, księżyca, nocy i dnia)

2006 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Urszula Sokólska
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Night And Day ◽  
Folk Tradition

The article is devoted to methods of constructing images of water, the sky, the moon, night and day in a poetical cycle which is now counted as the beginning of Polish Romanticism. It should be noticed that Mickiewicz’s descriptions of nature refer to common knowledge of the world, triggering specific archetypes and sets of imaginings in reader’s consciousness. I mean here associating water with transparent sparkling/glossy objects or skilful reconstruction of emotions accompanying the observation of the night sky, which in consequence gives, for instance, artistic description of illusionary blending of the sky and water. Mickiewicz introduces neutral lexical elements corresponding to specific designates, elements of nature, e.g. forests, flowers, water, swamps, backwoods, the moon, stars etc., in a thoughtful and orderly way. In accordance with the Romantic convention words that are opposite to the set of neutral words typical of other epochs, the ones which are emotionally or stylistically featured e.g. diminutives, which are one of the ways of folk stylistics (cloudlet, rivulet, pebbles, brook), regionalisms, which are also characteristic of colloquial language (month for “the moon”, depth, bluish/livid, brook), are introduced as well. However, the lack of complex stylistic structures is surprising indeed. Romantic ballad-like convention as well as folk tradition make extended metaphors be scarce, e.g. personifications and animizations referring to literary tradition (water’s face, river’s arms, Świteź’s womb/lap, midnight will pull the curtains through), periphrases (the chasm/depths of sky-blue, water deep gulf, glassy plain), or comparisons (as smooth as ice pane). Among natural phenomena discussed above Mickiewicz describes water in the most beautiful pictorial/artistic way. Using an extensive semantic field of water, he shapes and organizes a poetic text where the power of water as nature element is omnipresent in an extraordinary way. Lexis referring to the semantic field of the night, moon and stars, and most of all – day, is represented much more humbly.

scholarly journals IMAGE OF A WOMAN IN RUSSIAN, FRENCH, SPANISH AND MALAGASIAN LINGUO5CULTURES ON THE MATERIAL OF PAREMIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-322
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Novospasskaya ◽  
Antsa Miangola Malala Raadraniriana ◽  
Olesya V. Lazareva
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Behavior Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Linguistic Material

The article offers an analysis of the paremias of Russian, French, Malagasy and Spanish, devoted to women. The research material was the paremiological units of these languages, obtained by continuous sampling from collections of paremias, works of art and bilingual dictionaries, the selection criterion is the presence of a woman’s lexical unit (French femme , Spanish mujer , Malagasy Vehivavy ) or a description of appearance, significance, behavior function as mother, wife, housewife, etc. in paremias in considered linguocultures. The purpose of the study is to reveal the universal and cultural-specific features of the concept of a woman in the considered corps of the Russian, French Malagasy and Spanish paremies. The tasks of the work also include consideration of the peculiarities of the paremiological and lexical units used in this fragment of the linguistic picture, as well as to describe the general and non-coinciding aspects of the origin and functioning of the antiparemia and the use of gradualness in the paremies. The selection and analysis of paremiological units showed that in the languages in question one can find paremic units characterizing a woman as ideal, intelligent, strong, etc. person, and also the importance of a woman as a housewife and her superiority over a man. A significant part of the analyzed linguistic material is made up of paradoxes in which a woman is compared with a female animal, a plant or object with which a certain quality of a woman is associated, and also a woman is presented as a stupid, talkative, unreliable, lazy, capricious person or unreasonable wife. The originality of the research is that the first time the analysis of the comparative consideration of the paremias about the woman on the material of the Russian, French, Malagasy and Spanish languages and the lexical and paremiological material of the Malagasy language introduced into the scientific circulation is made.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of using exclamatory constructions in headlines of French economic articles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Julia A. Drozdova ◽  
◽  
Maria N. Zubkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The Press ◽  
Economic Press

The following article is dedicated to certain grammar, lexical and stylistic particularities in headlines of French economic articles with exclamatory constructions. Authenticity of received results is ensured by the analysis of important corpus of factual material, headlines of French economic press articles of the last three years, chosen by continuous sampling method. Headlines of articles with exclamatory constructions clearly demonstrate a full variety of means to draw reader’s attention to the problems described in the text of the article. The authors specify strong interdependence of extralinguistic reality and lexico-grammatical means in headlines. The research shows that French economic press headlines with exclamatory meaning are the most frequent nominative constructions, but verbal elements are also present. The analysis helps to find out some regularities in the choice of verbal tenses and modalities, syntax construction in headlines of articles. The article highlights the most important lexical, grammar and orthographical expressive means used by authors in headlines of articles. The research results can be used in teaching of French press language and in special courses at the bachelor and master levels. It can be quite interesting to study grammar, lexical and stylistic means in exclamatory headlines of economic articles in contrastive-comparative aspect, based on the press of different countries.

scholarly journals Linguistic and cultural characteristics of the lexical-semantic field «Réalité russe» in the novel «Ideal» by F. Beigbeder

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Svetlana B. Barushkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Mass Literature ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article discusses and defines the content of the lexical and semantic field «Russian reality» in modern literature on the example of the novel by F. Beigbeder «Au secours, pardon» («Ideal»). The author of the selected work F. Beigbeder is a popular modern French writer, the winner of the famous literary award «Renaudot». F. Beigbeder is known in the literary world as a prominent representative of mass literature. The images created by the writer on the pages of novels are understandable and close to the reader. The style and linguistic units used in the works deserve special attention, since F. Beigbeder’s novels are characterized by intertextuality, the method of quoting cult classical works, the principle of ambivalence, and autobiography. The text under consideration is no exception. In it, the abovementioned techniques and principles are applied by merging the author with the narrator, shifting styles and genres in the work, using irony, and the presence of thematic images and representations. The analysis of entire thematic blocks in a work of fiction remains an urgent linguistic problem, since lexical and semantic research allows us to consider thematic groupings of words from the point of view of psycholinguistics, thenational cultural component. In the work under study, a significant place is given to the formation of images, ideas, stereotypes, and mythologies about Russian reality, which served as a rich material for building a lexical and semantic field with the same name. In addition, the image of Russian reality is reflected in the novel not directly, but through the perception of female characters, through the interpretation and explication of the concept «female beauty». This fact is even more interesting for the description of the selected field. The main results of the research are, first of all, the formation of the lexical-semantic field «Russian reality» (réalité russe) on the basis of linguistic units selected by the continuous sampling method from the text of the work in French and the linguistic-cultural analysis of the factual material with the indication of the percentage of filling the core and periphery of the analyzed lexical-semantic field.

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