scholarly journals Compound adjectives in the Erzya and Hungarian languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
Tatiana P. Ariskina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Large Groups

Introduction. Compounding is one of the leading ways to update vocabulary. A compound word is the result of combining two or more meanings at the lexical-semantic, word-formation, syntactic levels, which determines versatile approaches to its study, including comparative-historical. The purpose of the research is a comparative historical study of compound adjectives of the Erzya and Hungarian languages. It can be achieved by considering the formation patterns of compound adjectives; analysis of compound adjectives in Erzya and Hungarian; identifying the types of relationships between the components of a compound word; statistical calculations. Materials and Methods. The material for analysis was formed by the method of continuous sampling from bilingual dictionaries: Erzya-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. It used the methods for determining the genetic affiliation of language data, establishing a system of correspondences and anomalies in the compared languages; spatial localization of linguistic phenomena. Research and Discussion. Compounding in the Erzya and Hungarian languages are divided into two large groups: 1) formed on the basis of a compositional connection and 2) created on the basis of a subordinate connection between components. As the study showed, complex adjectives of the subordinate type in the Erzya language are few in number, while in the Hungarian language they constitute the majority. This group includes words with the first part – an adjective, a noun, a numeral. Compound adjectives of a compositional type, prevailing in the Erzya language, can be formed as a result of the merger of two proper adjectives, two derived adjectives, repetition of derived adjectives. In the Hungarian language, the share of complex adjectives of the compositional type is small. Among them there are the ones paired and formed by the type of twin words. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that the formation of complex adjectives in the Hungarian and Erzya languages is an active process.

scholarly journals Word-formation of compound nouns with a subordinate connection in the Erzya and Hungarian languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T. P. Ariskina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Agglutinative Languages ◽  
Russian Dictionary

Introduction: at present the oldest and most productive way of word formation – stem-composition in agglutinative languages – lies in the basis of the processes of formation of the grammatical system. Therefore, the study of new words, created in this way, is a relevant topic. It is especially important to pay attention to historical and comparative stemcomposition, which can serve as a good basis for expanding theoretical knowledge and activation of typological research in word formation. Objective: based on the methods of statistical analysis, to identify common and different features in the ways of formation of compound nouns based on the subordinate connection in the Erzya and Hungarian languages. Research materials: bilingual dictionaries: Erzya-Russian (edited by B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova M. V. Mosin) and Hungarian-Russian by L. Gáldi and P. Uzonyi.,Results and novelty of the research: in the Erzya and Hungarian languages, the formation of compound nouns on the basis of a subordinate connection is a productive way of word formation. Determinatives (or composites) are formed by attaching the main form of a defining noun to a defined noun. They are classified according to belonging of the first component to a part of speech. The largest group is compound words with the first noun component. It is productive to use an adjective as the first component of the name. A group of words, where the first component is a participle, an adverb, or a numeral name is small. In the Erzya language, there are few compound nouns consisting of three components, whereas in the Hungarian language it is a large group. In the process of word formation, morphological changes can be observed. The scientific novelty of the research is the detailed analysis of compound nouns based on the base of a subordinate connection in the Erzya and Hungarian languages on the material of dictionaries: Erzyan-ruzon valks = Erzya-Russian dictionary, Magyar-orosz szótár = Hungarian-Russian dictionary.

scholarly journals Complex nouns of common type in the Erzia and Hungarian languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Tatiana P. Ariskina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Descriptive Method

Introduction. Word building is used to form integral complex words on the basis of two or more simple ones. The initial base can be a group of equal lexical units or a phrase. There are many derivational types of composites, the study of which allows us to trace what trends are manifested in the modern word building system of the language. Topical comparative research in this area contributes to the replenishment of the theoretical base and makes a significant contribution to teaching methods. Within the framework of this article, the following tasks are solved: to establish derivational connections of complex words, to classify composites in the Erzia and Hungarian languages, to identify ways of word formation of complex nouns and the degree of their productivity, to carry out a comparative analysis of derivational formants in Erzia and Hungarian. Materials and Methods. The material for the research was bilingual dictionaries: Erzia-Russian and Hungarian-Russian. The author used a descriptive method, methods of synchronous analysis, formal semantic and component analysis, historical-comparative and comparative-comparative methods, as well as quantitative analysis. Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis of a continuous sampling from the dictionaries, it was found that the share of compound nouns with a compositional connection in both languages is within 20% of the total number of compound nouns. This means that the creation of composites is less productive than the formation of words with a subordinate link. In most cases, the first component in the examples under consideration is a noun, the history of which can be easily traced, in particular by derivational suffixes. In rare cases, the components of a compound word have lost their meaning. Conclusion. The intensity of the use of word building methods in the modern Erzia and Hungarian languages allow the production of words with a complex structure. The increase of the interest in comparative research indicate the need to study this phenomenon from a historical-comparative standpoint.

SYNTACTIC TYPOLOGY OF MULTICOMPONENT VERBAL PHRASEO-COMBINATIONS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Е.О. Ковыршина
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
German Language ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Concrete Language

Постановка задачи. В статье на материале собранного корпуса фразеологических единиц (в количестве 1828 ФЕ), полученного методом сплошной выборки из немецкоязычных и двуязычных словарей, выделяются и анализируются с синтаксической позиции многокомпонентные фразеоединицы со структурой словосочетания с главным словом - глаголом. Способом буквального перевода определяются синтаксические типы, которые активно используются для создания многокомпонентных глагольных фразеосочетаний (МКГФС), выявляется специфика синтаксических типов немецких ФС и создается синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка. Результаты. На основе изученного материала было выделено восемь синтаксических типов МКГФС. В ходе исследования с помощью метода квантитативного анализа были установлены наиболее частотные типы структурно-синтаксических схем, активно образующие многокомпонентные глагольные фразеосочетания. Выделение синтаксических типов немецких МКГФС и их анализ позволили установить специфику синтаксической организации МКГФС немецкого языка. Выводы. На основе проведенного исследования была создана синтаксическая типология МКГФС немецкого языка, одного из наиболее многочисленных классов многокомпонентных фразеоединиц с разнообразной синтаксической организацией. Установлено, что в немецком языке существуют специальные синтаксические структуры из трех и более словоформ, которые используются для создания многокомпонентных фразеосочетаний. Анализ МКГФС позволил выявить специфику немецких типов с двумя глагольными компонентами и выделить самый продуктивный, частотный (566 ФС) тип МКГФС со структурой сложного словосочетания. Проведенное исследование и дальнейшее изучение синтаксических типов других многокомпонентых ФЕ - неглагольных типов, ФЕ со структурой предложения позволят расширить и углубить знания о многокомпонентных фразеоединицах, занимающих весомое место в фразеологической системе немецкого языка. Изучение типов структурно-синтаксических схем МКГФС и других многокомпонентных ФЕ, являющихся конкретным языковым воплощением структурной модели ФС, открывает новые перспективы в области синтаксического моделирования немецкого языка. Statement of the problem. In the article on the material of the assembled corpus of phraseological units (in the amount of 1828 PU), obtained by the method of continuous sampling from German-language and bilingual dictionaries, multicomponent phraseological units with a phrase structure with the main word - a verb consisting of three or more components are selected and analyzed from the syntactic position. The method of literal translation determines the syntactic types that are actively used to create multicomponent verbal phraseological combinations (MCVPC), the specificity of syntactic is revealed. types of German PC and syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language is created. Results. Based on the material studied, eight syntactic types of MCVPC were distinguished. In the course of the study, using the method of quantitative analysis, the most frequency types of structural-syntactic schemes were established that actively form multicomponent verbal phrase combinations. Syntax type extraction of German MCVPC and their analysis made it possible to establish the specifics of the syntactic organization of the MCVPC of the German language. Conclusion. A syntactic typology of the MCVPC of the German language, one of the most numerous classes of multicomponent phraseological units with a diverse syntactic organization was created on the basis of the study. It is established that in the German language there are special syntactic structures of three or more word forms that are used to create multicomponent phrase combinations. The analysis of MCVPC revealed the specificity of German types with two verb components and highlighted the most productive, frequency (566PC) type of MCVPC with the structure of a complex phrase. The study of the syntactic types of other multicomponent phraseological units - non-verb types, phraseological units with a sentence structure will allow us to expand and deepen our knowledge of multicomponent phraseological units, which occupy a significant place in the phraseological system of the German language. Study of the structural-syntactic schemes types of the MCVPC and other multicomponent phraseological units, which are the concrete language embodiment of the structural model of the FS, opens up new prospects in the field of syntactic modeling of the German language.

scholarly journals Kesalahan Berbahasa dalam Modul I Bahasa Indonesia PPG Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Rahmad Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Word Writing ◽  
Writing Errors ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research is here to explain several forms of errors in the material module of the Pendidikan Profesi Guru Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020. Research on the analysis of language errors in the PPG module has never been carried out.  In data collection, used the Listening method with the Note Technique.  The data are recorded in such a way in tabulations.  In analyzing the data, the Intralingual Matching method was used with HBS and HBB techniques. HBS and HBB techniques are realized by comparing between language data and applicable rules.  Furthermore, deviant linguistic data are classified based on the types of violations against linguistic rules and theories.  The presentation of the results of data analysis in this study is based on the taxonomy of linguistic categories in language error analysis.  The results showed that in the module I PPG Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020 there were spelling errors in the form of punctuation errors, capital letters errors, italicization errors, and word writing errors; morphological errors in the form of word formation errors and word non-conformity; syntactic errors in the form of misuse of conjunctor and ineffective sentences.

Conversion Syntaxique

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe E. Barbaud
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Structure Level ◽  
Lexical Function ◽  
Verb Raising

In this study, it is shown that the "category changing" property of morphological rules of conversion is unable to account for compound words, for formal and semantic reasons. Several convergent facts demonstrate that the compounding process is syntactic in nature. Consequently, it is argued that X-bar theory must be involved in compound word formation because of the "lexical function" of the syntax. Empirical data are mainly focused on French Noms Composés à base Verbale, or NCV, as tire-bouchon (cork screw),porte-parole (spoke person), gagne-pain (job), etc., which are analyzed as base generated "quasi-VPs" embedded in a NP. Thus, the NPWP exocentric dominance instantiates a "syntactic conversion" at the D-structure level. Such a categorial hierarchy is based on the "distribution changing" property of X-bar theory rather than on the "category changing" property of structuring morphological rules. Therefore, the high productivity of NCVs in French and other Romance languages is due to their morphology, which allows SPEC\HEAD agreement and VERB RAISING movement. The licensing of exocentric X-bar structures in grammar depends on several semantic principles of lexical interpretation, which are relevant to hyperonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, etc.. Thus, the model is dispensed with a superfluous component of "peripheral" rules of compounding. In conclusion, exocentricity of syntactic structures leads the author to claim that X-bar schema is primitive in grammar and that a given phrase is not the necessary projection of its head.

scholarly journals SOME WORDS AND SEMANTIC PARALLELS BETWEEN GEORGIAN AND AVAR LANGUAGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
L. G. Azmaiparashvili
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Compound Words

Basing on the data of Georgian and Avar languages and their dialects, the article discusses some similarities that are confirmed in compound word formation (compound words which denote collectively ‘parents’, ‘siblings’, ‘spouses’, ‘domestic cattle’, ‘insects’, somatisms, compound words denoting ‘rainbow’), in phonosemantic vocabulary; In adverbs, adjectives, verbs derived from nouns (‘tiny hair’, ‘color’, ‘way’); In deverbative nominals, collocations and phrasemes (‘engaged girl’, ‘talking’, ‘lie’, ‘paying attention’).

scholarly journals Adjectives characterizing the water and near-water space in the Khanty language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-707
Author(s):  
A. A. Shiyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Water Space

Introduction: the article considers the names of adjectives that characterize the water and near-water space in the Khanty language on the material of Western dialects. The lexical and semantic structure and word-formation models were determined, the number of units of adjectives included in this group was revealed. Objective: to identify semantics and word-formation capabilities of adjectives of the Khanty language characterizing water and near-water space. Research materials: the file card composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections, and spoken speech samples collected from informants. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the study is the description of semantics and word-formation models of language units characterizing water and near-water space in the Khanty language on the material of the Kazym, Shuryshkar and Ural dialects. Lexical and semantic groups include the characteristic of water and near-water space: surface of water in liquid and solid state, extent, presence or absence of signs of water and near-water space. This vocabulary is formed according to six word-formation models. The scientific novelty of the study consists in systematization of this lexical and semantic group of adjectives in the Khanty language, consideration of methods of word formation, specification of lexical units characterizing this space.

scholarly journals Semantics of adjectives of sound in the Khanty language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
A. A. Shiyanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Card Index

Introduction: the article is devoted to identification of specifics of language processes in nomination of the sign «sound» in the Khanty language on the material of Western dialects. Objective: to consider the semantics of adjectives of sound in the Khanty language (word-formation models, lexical-semantic groups, compatibility, and intensification). Research materials: the card index consisting of the examples from bilingual dictionaries of the Khanty language, folklore collections, and samples of speech of informants. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the research is description of semantics of the language units making a basis of process of characteristic of a sound that allows receiving estimates of sound feelings in human consciousness. In all studied dialects of the Khanty language word formation of adjectives of sound occurs according to six models: 1) «N + =әŋ» model, 2) «N + = ԓy» model, 3) «V + = әŋ/=эŋ/=аŋ» model, 4) «N + =ԓy-N + =ԓy» model, 5) «N + =и-N + =y» model, 6) «V + =әŋ-V + =әŋ» model. These adjectives form seven lexical-semantic groups and include various sounds made by people, animals, nature, mechanical sounds, etc. The scientific novelty of the research consists in systematization of this lexical-semantic group, consideration of ways of word formation, specification of the lexical units characterizing a sound.

scholarly journals Specific Features of Lettered Words’ Integration in the Graphic, Phonetic and Grammatical Aspects of the Chinese Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Tatiana Uryvskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Know How ◽  
Native Chinese Speakers ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper is devoted to the specific features of lettered words' integration in the graphic, phonetic and grammatical aspects of the Chinese language. The author has analyzed a number of local and foreign studies, covering the main patterns of the lettered words' integration. Based on Liu Yongquan's studies, it was concluded that it's important to strictly follow letters' case. The case difference can distinguish semantics of different lettered words. Native Chinese speakers with high linguistic competence are able to recognize various lettered words in print, but they may not know how to read them out loud. Therefore, the pronunciation of lettered words is associated with a number of issues: the choice of pronunciation standard, the differentiation of initialisms and acronyms, the choice which syllable to stress. Based on the results of previous research, different ways of how borrowed lettered words respond to the grammatical norms of the Chinese language were identified. The empirical analysis was performed with lettered words extracted by the method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources. Using the cases described in the paper, the author has proved that in addition to such word-formation processes as compounding, semi-affixation, syntactic and morphological transposition, lettered words can also be formed and transformed with morphological contraction.

scholarly journals The Use of Japanese Loanwords in Culinary Content on Instagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Linna Meilia Rasiban ◽  
Amalia Rahmayanti ◽  
Renariah Renariah ◽  
Dedi Sutedi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Compound Word ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenon of Japanese loanwords (gairaigo) used in culinary content on Instagram, and to describe the analytical framework of those meaning and formation. This study used descriptive qualitative method with data sources from 8 Instagram accounts of culinary content. This data in this study including 74 postings and 115 data of loanwords use from the Instagram accounts. The results from this study showed that lexical and word-formation structure that form the Japanese loanwords mostly were the compound word form (fukugougo) because many cuisine terms used two or more words. The results also showed that many of Japanese loanwords in culinary content are using derivative forms and acronyms. It is suggested that teachers and Japanese learners should be aware of these structure changes and semantic change in Japanese loanwords, which can help Japanese learners to understand the meaning of loanwords in Japanese.

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