scholarly journals Time factor in civilian material legal relations. Features of the security and legal obligation

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
P.D. Guyvan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Time Factor ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Imple Mentation ◽  
State Coercion ◽  
Security Regulations

This scientific article is devoted to the study of an important issue on the essential and temporal characteristics of regulatory and protective civil legal relations. In operation it is necessary that the factor of time in different ways affects the essence and existence of both regulatory and protected legalization. A comparative study of the term of their existence is carried out, similar and excellent features are identified. It is noted that in contrast to the estab-lished mechanisms for regulating the time measurements of interactions in an undisturbed state, with the scientific postulation of existence / implementation of security and legal powers there are numerous problems. And the first of them is that the overwhelming majority of researchers practically identify the terms of protection of violated sub-jective law with a lawsuit. So the author advocates the thesis, the lawsuit and the period of protection of protection rights are not the same. Only the realization of claims are not limited to the security of the person in case of viola-tion of its rights. If a person made its own law, presenting a lawsuit for a court period, which means that it has been able to realize its security rights requirement for a faulty debtor by means of state coercion. If not, then its security right will still continue although without the ability to enforce. But, in any case, regardless of whether the belief of the judiciary or an extrajudicial way to protect its impaired material law, the duration of compulsory or voluntary realization of its security powers does not fall under the influence of a different institute. Therefore, ways to solve the problem of distinguishing security terms, providing various definitions and legal provision of periods of imple-mentation of security regulations, which arises as a result of and at the time of the offense, and the element of this law - the claim, which provides an appropriate result with the use of state coercion. Proposals for systematization of material terms are made, based on the effects of their expiration regarding the possibilities of implementing the legal status of the carrier.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN INSTITUTIONS OF THE PENAL SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Екатерина Викторовна Глебова
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
The Russian Federation

Актуальность темы научной статьи обусловлена тем, что каждый гражданин Российской Федерации независимо от его социального статуса обладает правом на образование. Однако отдельные категории граждан, в частности, осужденные лица, не могут воспользоваться данным правом по причине наличия у них особого юридического статуса. Беспрепятственный доступ осужденных к образовательному процессу оказывает положительное влияние на социальную безопасность и защищенность каждого отдельного гражданина, так как от уровня их образованности напрямую зависит степень их исправления. В данный момент на территории нашей страны наблюдается большая вовлеченность всех слоев населения (включая осужденных) в сферу образовательных услуг как на возмездной, так и на безвозмездной основах. Профессиональное образование и профессиональное обучение как очень важный и необходимый элемент в отечественной пенитенциарной системе регулируется различными источниками права, относящимися и к системе уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, и к системе образовательного законодательства РФ. Целями правового регулирования отношений в сфере образования являются установление государственных гарантий, механизмов реализации прав и свобод человека в указанной сфере, а также защита прав и интересов участников отношений в сфере образования. Problem statement of the scientific article is due to the fact that every citizen of the Russian Federation, regardless of his social status has the right to education. However, some categories of citizens cannot exercise this right due to their special legal status, in particular, we will talk about convicted persons. Unimpeded access of this category of citizens to the educational process has a positive impact on the social safety and security of each individual, since the level of education of convicted persons directly affects the degree of their correction. At the moment on the territory of our country there is a great involvement of all segments of the population (including convicts) to the sphere of educational services free or for a fee. Vocational education and training as a very important and necessary element in the domestic penitentiary system is regulated by various sources of law relating to both the system of penal legislation and the system of educational legislation of the Russian Federation. The objectives of legal regulation of relations in the field of education are the establishment of state guarantees, mechanisms for the implementation of human rights and freedoms in education, as well as the protection of the rights and interests of participants of relations in the educational field.

scholarly journals The Impact of (Lot Upon Dispute) Maxim on Judiciary - A Comparative Study between Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law in the Sultanate of Oman-: أثر قاعدة (القرعة عند التَّشَاحِّ) في القضاء – دراسة مقارنة بين الفقه الإسلامي والقانون الوضعي في سلطنة عمان –

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Khamis Ahmad Al- fahdi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Impact

The importance of this research lies in identifying the significance of giving due regard to the jurisprudential maxims, especially those related to judicial work. Islamic jurists have paid attention to the maxim of “lot upon dispute” to console the souls and reconcile litigants. This maxim represents the highest and loftiest degrees of social interactions in the Islamic community depending on a prudent Quranic provision and wise prophetic Sunnah. This study is divided into three subjects: First: the definitions of study terms. Second: the researcher addresses the impact of the maxim in the judiciary literature and related topics in the code of procedures, personal affairs and civil transactions. Third: the researcher mentions some exceptions of maxim and the characteristic of lot, then clarifies the legal status of the maxim. The researcher concludes the study with the most important results, such as the jurisprudential maxim combines different issues in a phase of an eloquent meaning and precise wording. Jurists adopt this maxim more than the people of law do in order to achieve justice and block the accusation door. The study refers also to the necessity that those who work in the judiciary work should consider these jurisprudential maxims through establishment and application. Judge or arbitrator shall also act upon this maxim, and seek to reconcile between people through balloting. In addition, the specialized colleges and universities shall adopt the “lot upon dispute” maxim, and exert due diligence in studying it and any subdivided contemporary issues.

scholarly journals SEPARATION OF POWERS BETWEEN PROSECUTOR AND THE HEAD OF THE INVESTIGATIVE BODY

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-779
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
Systemic Problems

Problems related to the delimitation of powers between the prosecutor and the head of the investigating body, as well as ways to resolve them, are in the constant focus of attention of representatives of legal science. The concept and model of differentiation of powers between such participants in criminal proceedings that was introduced in 2007, has led to serious problems, which are expressed in: - decrease in the quality of prosecutorial supervision of the preliminary investigation body in order to protect human and civil rights and freedoms at the stage of preliminary investigation; - lack of procedural independence of the investigator, priority of interdepartmental control over prosecutorial supervision; - duplication of prosecutors supervision; - large accusatory bias of the court, prosecution and investigation body and others. The negative side of such problems is that the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are violated in the first place at all stages of criminal proceedings. In this regard, the properly organized delineation of powers and functions between the prosecutor and the head of the investigating body will be standard for ensuring the rule of law; it will contribute to the fight against crime and speedy preliminary investigation in order to create the court basis to reduce the cases of incorrect court decision. The purpose of the scientific article is to analyze the provisions of the current concept and models of separation of powers between the prosecutor and the head of the investigating body, identify the main systemic problems in this area and formulate proposals for their elimination. To achieve this goal, the scientific article explores the features and problems of individual concepts and models for their implementation in organizing activities of prosecution body and preliminary investigation bodies to delimit the powers between the prosecutor and the head of the investigating body. In a scientific article, the author came to the conclusion that reforming the current concept and model of separation of powers between the prosecutor and the head of the investigating body in order to eliminate significant problems is not possible without a reform. A return to previous concepts and models is also unacceptable due to historical experience of their application. The necessity of reforming the foundations of the entire law enforcement system of criminal justice body as a whole and reviewing the legal status of the prosecutor at all stages of criminal proceedings is noted.

LEGAL OBLIGATION IN THE LEGAL STATUS STRUCTURE OF A PERSON SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT AND ITS STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кулаков ◽  
Ольга Рениславовна Родионова
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theory Of Law

Общей теорией права и отраслевыми науками достаточно давно исследуется структура правового статуса личности и место в данной структуре юридической обязанности. Доктринально обоснованной является позиция ученых, согласно которой структуру правового статуса личности, в том числе и осужденного к лишению свободы, составляют права, свободы и обязанности лица, закрепленные в нормативно-правовых актах. Несмотря на это, в отечественной науке время от времени появляются мнения ученых-правоведов, которые наряду с системой прав и обязанностей включают в состав правового статуса такие правовые явления, как «законные интересы», «гарантии прав», «юридическая ответственность» и т. д. Кроме того, подвергается сомнению и устоявшееся положение о структуре юридической обязанности как элементе правового статуса. Проведенный авторами анализ уголовно-исполнительных отношений дает основание утверждать, что, несмотря на особое правовое положение осужденных к лишению свободы, структура их правового статуса не изменяется, а юридические обязанности являются неотъемлемым ее элементом. При этом юридическая обязанность осужденного к лишению свободы, как и любого другого участника правовых отношений, всегда корреспондирует субъективному праву и состоит из четырех элементов: - необходимость совершения осужденным определенных (требуемых, должных) действий, предписанных нормативно-правовыми актами; - необходимость отреагировать на законные требования управомоченного лица; - необходимость (обязанность) претерпеть меры государственного принуждения в случае нарушения нормативно-правовых предписаний; - необходимость (обязанность) не мешать контрагенту пользоваться и/или реализовывать законное право. Только при таком подходе к юридической обязанности как элементу правового статуса осужденного ее можно считать не только средством установление границ дозволенного поведения, но и действенным регулятором общественных отношений. The legal status structure of an individual and the place of the legal obligation in it have been studied for a long time by the general theory of law and branch sciences. Doctrinally justified is the opinion of scientists, according to which the structure of the legal status of an individual including a person sentenced to imprisonment, consists of the rights, freedoms and duties of a person enshrined in normative legal acts. Despite this in Russian science from time to time there are points of view of legal scientists which along with the system of rights and obligations, include the legal status of such legal phenomena as «legitimate interests», «guarantees of rights», «legal responsibility», etc. In addition the well-established position on the legal obligation structure as an element of the legal status is also questioned. The author's analysis of penal relations gives grounds to assert that despite the special legal status of those sentenced to imprisonment the structure of their legal status does not change and legal obligations are an integral part of it. At the same time the legal obligation of a convicted person as well as any other participant in legal relations always corresponds to subjective law and consists of four elements: - the need for the convicted person to perform certain (required, due) actions prescribed by regulatory legal acts; - the need to respond to the legal requirements of the authorized person; - the need (obligation) to undergo measures of state coercion in case of violation of legal regulations; - the need (obligation) not to prevent the counterparty from using and / or exercising the legal right. Only with this approach to the legal obligation as an element of the legal status of the convicted person, it can be considered not only a means of establishing the boundaries of permissible behavior, but also an effective regulator of public relations.

Intersectional relations between executive law and civil law of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
N. Sergiienko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Executive Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The scientific article is devoted to analyze the intersectional relations between executive law of Ukraine and civil law of Ukraine. The classification of forms of intersectional relations, offered by M.Yu Chelyshev, was taken as the ground of theoretical and methodological base of scientific research the intersectional relations between executive law of Ukraine and civil law of Ukraine. Even though this scientist-lawyer researched the intersectional relations of civil law, grounding on the subject of his scientific researches, his classification is stated as universal and grounded enough and can be used for different legal researches. In the scientific article the intersectional relations between executive law of and civil law of Ukraine are discovered though direction as follows: 1) intersectional interaction between executive law of Ukraine and civil law of Ukraine (it represents by using in executive law definitions and constructions of civil law. As an example of definitions and constructions of civil law, that are used in executive law, can be stated the definition of agreement); 2) intersectional influence between executive law and civil law (it represents by mutual influence of compositions of executive law and civil law, especially norms and institutions. The bright example of that mutual influence is the legal status of some kinds of property on the context of forfeiture the property – some kinds of property are out of forfeiture in the executive process, despite that property are out of turnover restrictions); 4) intersectional legal and collision regulation (it represents by direct and indirect mutual renvois between civil legislation and executive legislation. As an example can be used the direct renvoi to art. 28 of The Civil Code of Ukraine from subpar. 5 par. 2 sec. III of The Instruction of Compulsory Execution Organization, approved by The Ministry of Justice of Ukraine from 02.04.2012 under № 512/5).

Cryptocurrency as an object of tax law: practice of political application and legal regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Dmytro Kobylnik ◽  
Anton Burchak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Legal Nature

Problem setting. The work is devoted to the study of the legal status of cryptocurrency as an object of taxation. The legal status of cryptocurrency in legal relations between tax authorities and individuals or legal entities is an urgent problem, since there is only a small number of works on this issue. Of particular note is the study of international experience in taxation of cryptocurrency transactions, as well as an analysis of the most relevant proposals for amending national legislation in order to establish the legal status of cryptocurrency and transactions related to cryptocurrency as an object of tax legal relations. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Despite the great relevance of this topic, in the modern science of tax law there are no fundamental scientific works and studies on the problems of taxation of cryptocurrency and cryptocurrency transactions. Target of research. The purpose of the scientific article is to conduct research on the legal nature of cryptocurrency, as well as the disclosure of theoretical, practical problems and features of legal regulation of cryptocurrency and operations related to the use of cryptocurrency in modern tax law. Article’s main body. The article deals with the legal nature of transactions connected with the use of the cryptocurrency as an object of tax relations. The issues of the possibility of attributing income, as well as profits from cryptocurrency transactions to the objects of taxation of personal income tax, profit tax, and value-added tax, are disclosed in accordance with the current tax legislation. The following conclusions have been drawn: it is impossible to impose the relevant taxes on income and profits from transactions with the cryptocurrency; there is a conflict in the current legislation, according to which the proceeds from transactions with cryptocurrency may be subject to the Law ‘On Prevention and Counteraction to Legalization (Laundering) of the Proceeds from Crime or Terrorism Financing, as Well as Financing Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction’ In addition, foreign experience of legal regulation of transactions with cryptocurrency in tax legislation in such economically developed countries as the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, etc. has been analyzed. It has been established that nowadays, in world practice, there is no unambiguous approach to the tax regulation and taxation of cryptocurrency transactions. So, in some countries, the income from operations with cryptocurrency is taxable, while in others cryptocurrency transactions do not belong to objects of taxation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. As a result, the author presents her own proposals on amending the tax legislation aimed at determining the legal status of cryptocurrency transactions in tax law. The article is devoted to the legal nature of transactions related to the use of cryptocurrency as an object of tax relations. Foreign experience of taxation of operations with the cryptocurrency is analyzed. The author considers current proposals for amending the tax legislation of Ukraine, who’s the purpose of which is to determine the legal status and control measures for compliance with tax legislation in the implementation of cryptocurrency transactions in tax law.

Youthful Offenders in Israel

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Probation Officer ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Youthful Offenders ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Youthful Offender

AbstractThis study investigates the legal status and treatment of the youthful offender in Israel. Due to a legal provision, in the case of the youthful offender, the court is required to receive a pre-sentencing report from a probation officer; however, there is no institutionalized indication as to how or to what degree the judges should follow the report. Our findings reveal that both judges and probation officers adhere to high professional standards and make their decisions according to the specific case brought in front of them, and that they are not affected by social class or ethnic stereotypes. In spite of a considerable correspondence between the recommendations made by the probation officers and the decisions made by the judges, one cannot avoid noticing also some discrepancy. This is attributed to the strong therapeutic values which characterize the probation officers' training and which are less evident among the judges. The consequences of this discrepancy are analysed and discussed and a few steps to narrow the gap are suggested.

Dignity and the Foundation of Human Rights: Toward an Averroist Genealogy

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Vatter
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Arabic Philosophy ◽  
Public Happiness ◽  
Legal Right

AbstractThe aim of this article is to give a new reconstruction of the conception of human dignity as a pre-associative yet legal status. Such a legal conception of human dignity carries a universal legal obligation to respect the “innate” right to independence and enables us to move beyond the impasse between moral and political views of human rights. The argument has a normative and a genealogical component. The normative component shows why a legal conception of human rights is grounded on the Kantian idea of an innate legal right to independence, as well as showing that Kant adopted a legal status concept of human dignity. The genealogical component shows that the conception of human dignity as legal status undergoes a transvaluation from its ancient aristocratic to its modern democratic meaning in Dante's political thought, which is itself rooted in the western reception of Arabic philosophy, in particular political Averroism. By contrast to the Christian elaboration of dignity, the Averroist genealogy of dignity better describes the modern pursuit of an ideal of worldly happiness essentially linked with the collective attainment of public happiness through the unrestricted public use of reason facilitated by republican constitutions crowned by human rights.

scholarly journals Social and Legal Guarantees for the Security and Defense Sector Personnel in the Context of Gender Equality

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Yurii Dmytrenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Key Words Gender

In the article the nature and content of gender, gender equality are defined on the basis of scientific literature and the acting legal standards analysis, the possibility to implement legal standards of foreign states into the legislation of Uk-raine, the improvement of mechanism as for application of gender equality in Ukraine are studied. Special attention is brought to the creation of effective legal provision and the mechanism of its application in the subdivisions of security and defense sectors of Ukraine. Attention to the disputable problems as for gender equality application in the security and defense sector, in particular as for bringing up to strength special law-enforcement bodies units, airmobile forces, carrying tour of duty etc. is emphasized. Key words: gender, gender equality, legal status, servicewoman, gender policy, active duty, security and defense sector.

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