PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH HUMOR IN UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stoianova ◽  
Ksenia Chernenko
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The People ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the study of the features of reproducing English humor in the Ukrainian language. The relevance of the work is due to the urgent need for a comprehensive study of English-language humor as a text-discursive education and the features of its translation. The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of reproducing English-language humor. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the reproduction of English humorous discourse should take into account the national characteristics of the people, culture and traditions. Translation of humorous discourse requires the use of various transformations: lexical, grammatical (including syntactic and morphological), semantic, and stylistic. Often these types of transformations appear in a mixed form. The most effective transformations are: lexical, grammatical, and complex lexical and grammatical ones. The subject of research of this work is humor — the most common modern type of comic. The concept of humor is defined as a comprehensive phenomenon, a way of seeing, a way of life. The nature of humor depends on the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the country to which it belongs, which means that this phenomenon reproduces the national picture of the world. According to this, the translator should take into account the peculiarities of ethnic worldview in order to reproduce the content of discursive humorous education adequately. It is also necessary to be able to know at least something about the cultures involved in the translation in order to understand the original and be able to reproduce it. During the analysis, we determined that it is necessary to take into account the national nature of humor, because in different societies the same thing can cause different reactions, which leads to inadequate units of reproduction of the source language to the target language. Based on the fact that it is not always possible to fully reproduce the content and expressive-emotional coloring, compensation is considered the best lexical and semantic means of transmitting humor in the source language in the translation language. A necessary condition for translation is the selection of appropriate phonetic, lexical and phraseological means for transmitting not only the semantics of the humorous formation of the original language, but also their expressive and functional features

scholarly journals ARABIC: المشكلات في ترجمة المصطلحات العربية الدينية إلى الأردية: استراتيجيات وحلول

rahatulquloob ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Dr. Robina Naz ◽  
Dr. Qadeera Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Mastery

The translation is like a bridge that connects different societies and civilizations. It transfers linguistic expressions from one language to another, and connects the social and cultural life of different peoples and nations. It transfers knowledge, experience, values, ideas, principles, traditions and thoughts of the people from one language to another. Translation itself is an art & science that has its own rules, foundations and strategies. Translators may face many difficulties, problems and challenges especially in the literary translation, as each language has its own distinct characteristics and features. So, these difficulties and problems arise when using idioms, phrases linguistic and semantic structures, and in choosing the appropriate meaning or determining the nature of the word's use, style, and so on. The translation requires literary talent, a comprehensive knowledge of the original language (source language) and the language translated into it (target language), mastery of all the rules of the two languages (source language and target language) and a full awareness of the cultural background of two languages from the specialists of this field. The translator must know the type of text, the language, the intellectual and cultural context of the translated text, and the background of its author. As well as the information about the culture and civilization of other nation. Urdu language has been influenced by different languages such as Persian, Sanskrit and Arabic. And many words and terms are taken from these languages. Especially religious terminology is taken directly from Arabic, i.e., Hajj, Umrah, Zakat, Nikah and Talaq etc. This article highlights the problems in translating Arabic Religious terminology into Urdu and suggests some strategies and solutions.

scholarly journals The Effect of Collocation on Meaning Representation of Adjectives such as Big and Large in Translation from Two Languages Used in the Article to English Language Texts

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Malahat Minaabad
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Meaning Representation ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Translation is the process to transfer written or spoken source language (SL) texts to equivalent written or spoken target language (TL) texts. Translation studies (TS) relies so heavily on a concept of meaning, that one may claim that there is no TS without any reference to meanings. People’s understanding of the meaning of sentences is far more reliable than their understanding of the meaning of words. Since what people know when they know the meaning of a word is important, but the skill of incorporating that word appropriately into meaningful linguistic contexts is more important. Our interest here lies in the shift of emphasis from referential or dictionary meaning to contextual meaning of adjectives such as big, and large in translation to English language texts or vice versa. Since big and large are synonyms, it is not surprising that they can be used to describe many of the same nouns. However, they are not perfect synonyms, and there are some differences in the distribution of these adjectives which make some problems for translators especially from those languages which these kinds of differences are not so obvious.    

Simplification as a Universal Feature of the Language of Translation

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ghadessy ◽  
Yanjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Systemic Functional Grammar ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
Parallel Texts

A common belief among a number of applied linguists working with parallel texts (texts from a source language, L1, and their translations into a target language, L2) is that “translated language is different from the original language” (Mauranen 1998: 160). A related research question is “Are translated texts different from comparable texts in the target language as well?” One way to answer the above question is to establish “translation universals” which make translated texts different from comparable texts in the target language. The process of simplification of translated language has been mentioned as one such universal feature (Baker 1993, 1995; Laviosa-Braithwaite 1996). The purpose of the present study is (a) to investigate one of the consequences of the process of simplification, i.e. reduction in lexical density, in a number of texts and their translations from English into Chinese. It will also be hypothesized that (b) translated texts into English and (c) translated texts into Chinese, in comparison with similar monolingual texts in the two languages, will be less lexically dense. A Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) model will be used for defining and calculating lexical density. Some implications of the findings for teaching translation will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Index Kultural pada Penerjemahan Novel Eclipse: Sebuah Pendekata Semiotik

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-342
Author(s):  
Tri Pujiati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stephenie Meyer

Budaya merupakan salah satu tantangan utama yang ditemukan dalam menerjemahkan bahasa Inggris ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak indeks budaya terhadap terjemahan Novel Eclipse karya Stephenie Meyer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan semiotik dalam penerjemahan. Terdapat 30 data yang diambil dari novel Eclipse dan terjemahannya dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) indeks budaya yang digunakan oleh penerjemah sebagai cara untuk mempertahankan budaya sumber itu sendiri memiliki dampak besar pada bahasa target. Ada beberapa terjemahan yang tidak dapat diterima dalam bahasa target karena maknanya tidak tersedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, indeks budaya lainnya diterima dalam bahasa target karena ada persamaan arti yang sesuai dengan bahasa sumber; (2) sebagai cara untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam menerjemahkan budaya, penerjemah menggunakan prosedur transferensi dan naturalisasi. Terdapat 87% menggunakan prosedur transferensi dan 13% menggunakan naturalisasi. Simpulan umum dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa strategi penerjemahan tersebut tidak akurat di dalam bahasa sasaran sehingga penerjemah perlu mempertimbangkan pemilihan prosedur yang tepat sehingga terjemahan yang dihasilkan dapat diterima dalam bahasa sasaran. Culture is one of the main important challenges found in translating English into Indonesian language. This research aims to know the impact of cultural index on translation of Eclipse Novel by Stephenie Meyer. This research uses qualitative method and semiotic approach in translation. There are 30 data taken from Eclipse novel and its translation in Indonesian language. The results of this study show that (1) cultural index which used by translator as a way to defend the source culture and source language (henceforth SL) itself has a great impact on target language (henceforth TL). There are some translations which cannot be accepted in target language because the meaning is not available in Indonesian language, the other cultural index are accepted in TL as there are equivalence meaning that correspondence the SL; (2) as a way to solve the problem in translating culture, the translator uses transference and naturalization procedure. There are about 87% used transference procedure and 13% used naturalization. The general conclusion of this study shows that some of these strategies are not accurate in the target language so translators need to consider the selection of the right procedure so that the resulting translation can be accepted in the target language.

A moving and mystifying target language?

English Today ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Bolton ◽  
David Graddol ◽  
Rajend Mesthrie
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Cultural Constraints ◽  
Selection Of

This issue presents a selection of articles on English in various contexts and settings, with a significant focus on education in the first four. Susan Van Rooy describes the language experiences of South Korean academics and their families in a small town in South Africa, and the consequences of their stay abroad for their English language proficiency. She reminds us that not all EFL learners of English have the ‘Inner Circle’ mainstream as their model: Potchefstroom, South Africa offers a mix between Inner and Outer Circle, probably having more features of the latter. Christian Burrows writes about methodologies of EFL classrooms in Japan, where cultural constraints make TBL (Task-Based Learning) more challenging than its Western proponents realise. The next two articles emphasise the need to pay attention to colloquial spoken language. Manfred Markus writes about the need to focus on phonetic accuracy in EFL teaching, or at least to try and replicate mainstream norms as much as possible. Fan Xianlong contributes a paper on the ever-changing spoken norms of the mainstream, based on his experiences as a visiting scholar in the United States. Although many of the features he describes are well known to Western sociolinguists, the article presents a refreshing perspective of how complex the notion of ‘target language’ must be to users of ESL and EFL. More often it is a moving and mystifying target, with its cultural and political minefields that find their way into everyday usage.

Rhetorical figures and the translation of advertising headlines

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Text ◽  
English Language ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Media Discourses

In advertising texts, the most important linguistic element is the headline. The function of the headline is to persuade readers to continue reading the remaining body text and, ideally, buy the advertised product. Using a corpus of 45 English-language advertisements and their translated Russian pairs, this article investigates what happens to rhetorical figures in the translation process. Three broad translation strategies are identified (transference, source-language-orientated and target-language-orientated) and their implications discussed in detail. The use of transference (untranslated retention of original) highlights the foreignness of the product being advertised, relying on the source culture’s attractiveness to the target audience. The most popular strategies are those which are source-language-orientated, maintaining the source meaning in the target headline. These strategies, often resulting from advertisers’ insistence on following a model advertisement, have the greatest impact on the use of figures, and examples of compensation, loss and addition can be found. When target-language-orientated strategies are employed, translators have more freedom to create headlines using rhetorical figures. The article ends by suggesting that the analysis of translated Russian advertising headlines offers another concrete example of the globalizing tendencies of large corporations and the power they exercise in shaping contemporary media discourses.

scholarly journals The Influence of Anglicism on French Language——Enrichment or Danger

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Huiwen Yuan
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Original Language ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

The phenomenon of Anglicism is one of the hot linguistic topics which exists in almost every language in the world, especially in the French language. We look back to the history of English and French, and introduce the definition and classification of Anglicism. Considering the predominant place of the UK and the USA in many fields, the English language undoubtedly becomes Lingua franca in recent years.In certain high-tech domains, there are some irreplaceable words or the words which can't be translated properly in the target language. In order to introduce relative concepts, we have to ask the original language for help. That's how the Anglicism appears. And since then, the Anglicism has grown rapidly.By analyzing the history of the two languages, the origin of Anglicism and its development, we try to find out whether the phenomenon of Anglicism causes positive or negative effects for the French language.

scholarly journals DELETION IN MOVIE SUBTITLING

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Agus Darma Yoga Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Target Language ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Limited Space ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Selection Of

Abstrak Deletion in movie subtitling is a common practice due to limited space and time for subtitles to appear at the bottom of the screen. The limits are in terms of time for the subtitles to appear and be read by viewers and the number of characters to be shown on screen. Therefore, deletion is a strategy used especially for summarizing meaning or information from long dialogues. This is interesting because deletion should be implemented without deleting meanings or important information contained within the dialogues. Deletion is also considered to be used because viewers don't want to read long texts, as they are more focused on the scenes. This research is conducted to study types of deletion applied in movie subtitling and the impacts on delivering meanings to viewers. This research focuses on two movies, i.e. an adult action movie titled 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi (2016) and a children animated movie titled Ice Age 5: Collision Course, in which English is the source language and Indonesian is the target language. These two movies are selected to compare deletion applied on action movies for adults and movies for children. This research applies deletion theory by Karamitroglou (1997) that summarizes deletion types in movie subtitling, such as functional expressions that don't contain semantic aspects, cumulative adjectives, and responsive expressions. Those three types of deletion don't interfere with delivery of meaning to viewers because they are supported by other aspects, such as dialogues, images, and music. The results of this research show that some taboo expressions are found in the adult action movie, whereas exclamations are found more in the animated movie. This is in line with the types of the movies, so selection of utterances for the subtitles is made according to the viewers' age. Some of the expressions are translated, while some other are not. This is due to technical aspects related to the number of characters that can be shown for each line of the subtitles. The translated expressions are responsive ones, like oh, fuck that, whoa, watch out, come on, all right, and yeah as well as cumulative adjectives, like a fucking massive heavy force. The types of expressions that are not translated are responsive utterances like Ew in the animated movie Ice Age 5, expressions that indicate additional information like (MEN ARGUING), (GUNSHOT), (LAUGHS) in the action movie 13 Hours, and expressions for additional information like (SCREAMING) and (GRUNTING) in Ice Age 5. The translated and untranslated expressions are functional expressions that don't contain semantic meaning, like well in both movies. Keywords: translation, deletion, expressions, strategy.

scholarly journals CULTURAL UNTRANSLATABILITY: A STUDY ON THE RAINBOW TROOPS

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nur Utami SK
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Connotations ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Formal Features

The notion of translatability is possibly done with the extent to which meaning can still be adequately conveyed across languages. For this to be feasible, meaning has to be understood not only in terms of what the source text contains, but also in terms of target audience and purpose of translation. In linguistic untranslatability, the functionally relevant features include some which are in fact formal features of the language of the source language text. If the target language has no formally corresponding feature, the text, or the item, is (relatively) untranslatable. What appears to be a quite different problem arises, however, when a situational feature, functionally relevant for the source text, is completely absent in the culture of target language. As culture has something to do with the concept, source language texts and items are more or less translatable rather than absolutely translatableoruntranslatable. An adaptation, then, is a procedure whereby the translator replaces a term with cultural connotations, where those connotations are restricted to readers of the original language text, with a term with corresponding cultural connotations that would be familiar to readers of the translated text. Translating such culturally untranslatable items entails profound knowledge on both source and target cultures. Most cases in this particular work are solved by keepingcultural terms in the source language text, with or without explanation. Ecological, social, and religious culture terms undergo the process most frequently.

Procedure of translation, transliteration and transcription

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Endrique Perez Zepedda
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Word ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Functional Equivalent

It is the process of transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes transliteration named "transcription". The process of transferring from the original language to the target language. Including transliteration called "transcription". It adapts the SL word first to the normal pronunciation, then to the normal morphology of the TL. Adaptation of the first word of the source language with normal pronunciation into the normal morphology of the target language. Cultural equivalent: it means replacing a cultural word in the SL with a TL one. However, "they are not accurate". The replacement of the word culture from the source language into the target language. However, "the word is not accurate". Pajamas party (staying together) and bachelor party (party together before the wedding). Functional equivalent: it requires the use of a culture-neutral word. Functional equivalent: it is necessary to use neutral cultural words. Contractor 'translated into Persian is' Moghatekar' (contractor is translated in Persian as Moghatekar 'common-law wife' (concubine) à concubine.

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