scholarly journals The Effect of Extrusion Voltage and Flowrate to the Viability and Survivability of Probiotic L. casei Encapsulated in Alginate-Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djaenudin ◽  
Endang Saepudin ◽  
Muhamad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Chitosan Beads ◽  
Alginate Capsules ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Extrusion Method

 Chitosan-coated L. casei containing alginate capsules (shortened as L. casei capsules) were prepared by extruding L. casei containing alginate solution at different extrusion voltage and and flow rate followed by coating the wet capsules in chitosan solution. This study aimed to determine the effect of extrusion voltage and sodium alginate liquid flow rate on the viability of L. casei bacteria in the encapsulation process. The encapsulation process in this study was carried out by the extrusion method using sodium alginate of 1% (w/v) and chitosan of 0.2% (w/v). The resulted beads were immersed in a simulated gastric fluid (SGF) (NaCl 0.2%; HCl 0.5 M with a pH of 1.5) for 1, 60, and 120 min at 37 °C. The number of L. casei cells before encapsulation was 12.3 log CFU. After encapsulation, the maximum viability of L. Casei obtained by voltage variations of 0 kV and flow rate 5 mL/min were 12.26 log CFU.  After testing the beads in SGF for 1 min, the results obtained indicate that viability of L.casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with an extrusion voltage of 0 kV and 5 mL/min was 11.8 log CFU/g. The result indicated that encapsulated L. casei in the sodium alginate - chitosan beads with a voltage of 0 kV and 5 mL/min was the highest survivability level of 97.38 %. The conclusions of the study were The higher extrusion voltage can kill more L. casei while the higher extrusion flow rate can protect more L. casei.

scholarly journals The The Effect of Alginate, Chitosan, and Nano Chitin as Encapsulation Materials of L. casei Probiotic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djaenudin ◽  
Endang Saepudin ◽  
Muhamad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Extrusion Method

Alginate, nano chitin, and chitosan polymers can be used to protect the Lactobacillus casei  from gastric conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of alginate, nano chitin, and chitosan as encapsulation materials of  L. casei  on their survivability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The encapsulation  process in this study was carried out by the extrusion  method. The resulted beads were soaked  in SGF (pH of 1.2 and 3) for 1 and 60  min at 37°C. In SGF pH 1.2 for 60 min, the survivability of L.casei in all variations of the experiment was 0% except those encapsulated from alginate (1%), nano chitin (0.2%), and chitosan (0.2) % of 75.35%. In SGF pH 3 for 60 min, the survivability of L.casei was 0% for beads unencapsulation and encapsulation made from alginate, while the highest survivability of L.casei was 81.22% obtained in various encapsulation experiments using alginate (1%), nano chitin (0.2%), and chitosan (0.2%). The addition of nano chitin or chitosan to L.casei encapsulation material can increase the survivability of L.casei, also showed that the combination of alginate, nano chitin, and chitosan  in the encapsulated material significantly increased the survivability of L.casei at SGF pH 1.2 and 3.

scholarly journals THE USE OF CLINOPTILOLITES AS CARRIER OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: IN VITRO DRUG RELEASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Putra Imwa ◽  
Kusumawati Igaw
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
N2 Sorption ◽  
Metformin Hcl

Objective: As an antidiabetic drug, metformin hydrochloride (HCl) has been well known to possess low oral bioavailability and short half-life. In this study, we prepared the drug delivery system (DDS) of metformin HCl and clinoptilolite as its carrier. The in vitro drug release profile was further investigated.Methods: DDS was made by encapsulating metformin HCl on clinoptilolite using the wet impregnation method at various pH and initial concentration of metformin HCl. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and N2 Sorption Analyzer were used to characterize the as-synthesized DDS. Drug release study was conducted by stirring the DDS in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid over 12 h.Results: The encapsulation process was achieved optimally at pH 7.0 and initial concentration of metformin HCl of 300 mg/l (CLI2-300 denoted DDS). The results of FTIR and N2 sorption analyzer confirmed the existence of metformin HCl on clinoptilolites. Meanwhile, the XRD result showed that the crystallinity of clinoptilolites remained unchanged after the encapsulation process. The cumulative drug release in the simulated gastric fluid was found to be higher than that in the simulated intestinal fluid, which indicated the potent influence of pH on the release properties of the drugs. The drug release kinetics of metformin HCl from clinoptilolite was best fitted into the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with non-Fickian transport mechanism.Conclusion: We found that clinoptilolite was suitable for DDS application, particularly as a carrier of metformin HCl.

scholarly journals Release Activity of Encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum NBRC 3070 in Optimum Alginate - Aloe vera Matrices during Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) Exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Syahirah Sallehudin ◽  
Khalilah Abdul Khalil ◽  
Maslinda Musa ◽  
Hifa Nazirah Mohd Yazid ◽  
Anida Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Encapsulated Cells ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel ◽  
Encapsulation Process

Probiotic encapsulation approach has the potential to protect microorganisms and to deliver them into the gut. Because of the promising preclinical and clinical results, probiotics have been incorporated into a range of products. However, there are still many challenges to overcome with respect to the encapsulation process and the conditions prevailing in the gut. Thus in this study, the release activity of encapsulated L. plantarum NBRC 3070 and Aloe vera gel within alginate coated chitosan matrices during simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) exposure were investigated. There were four groups of beads prepared in this study: 1) Encapsulated probiotic and Aloe vera within alginate beads (chitosan coated), 2) Encapsulated probiotic within alginate beads (chitosan coated), 3) Encapsulated probiotic and Aloe vera within alginate beads (uncoated) and 4) Encapsulated probiotic alone within alginate beads (uncoated). Encapsulation process was carried out using extrusion method. The optimized composition of alginate matrix (1.34% w/v) and Aloe vera gel (1.99% w/v) were used.  In order to investigate their release activity, all beads were exposed in Simulated Gastric (SGF) at pH 2.5 and Simulated Intestinal Fluids (SIF) at pH 6.5 for 120 min and 270 min, respectively. Based on the findings, alginate-Aloe vera beads with chitosan coated was able to protect L. plantarum NBRC 3070 during SGF exposure with only 1 log10 cfu/mL reduction. The presence of Aloe vera gel in the beads improved the survivability of the cells. Encapsulated cells were observed successfully slow released of cells from the beads after exposure in SIF. Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) result had shown that cross link activity of the optimum alginate-Aloe vera with chitosan coating resulted in better survival of cells after simulated gastro and able to deliver sufficient probiotic dose to intestinal region. The combinations were able to improve encapsulated cells survivability during low acidic environment passage and release activity into the intestinal target region.   

scholarly journals Dexamethasone-Loaded Chitosan Beads Coated with a pH-Dependent Interpolymer Complex for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomarien García-Couce ◽  
Nancy Bada-Rivero ◽  
Orestes D. López Hernández ◽  
Antonio Nogueira ◽  
Pablo C. Caracciolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Interpolymer Complex ◽  
Simulated Intestinal Fluid ◽  
Chitosan Beads ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
A Site

Chitosan (CS) microparticles loaded with dexamethasone were prepared by spray drying, followed by coating with a pH-dependent interpolymer complex based on poly(acrylic acid)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) using an water-in-oil emulsion technique. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of PAA/PVP coating on the release of dexamethasone from loaded chitosan microparticles, in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH=1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH=6.8). The release of dexamethasone from uncoated loaded CS microparticles was similar in both fluids, and almost complete release of the drug was achieved in 5 hours. In the coated loaded CS microparticles, the release of dexamethasone in SGF was reduced considerably, very close to zero, due to the interpolymer complex formation at low pH, demonstrating that this system applied as pH-dependent coating has a potential as a site-specific delivery system.

Formulation and In vitro Characterization of Floating Gel Beads of Metformin Hydrochloride

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2356-2362
Author(s):  
Yasir Mohd ◽  
A Bhattacharyya ◽  
M Bajpai ◽  
M Yasir ◽  
M Asif
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Metformin Hydrochloride ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Formulation Parameters

A floating type dosage form, gel beads of metformin hydrochloride was prepared by emulsification gelation technique. The gel bead was formed by mixing the polymer in water, oil phase and it was extruded in the calcium chloride solution as curing agent. The formulation parameters optimized were polymer ratio, concentration of oil, curing time on drug content, floating lag time, morphology, swelling of beads and release kinetics.The scanning electron photomicrographs revealed morphology of beads. The size of beads was measured. Entrapment efficiency of drug loaded beads was found to be over 90%. In vitro release of metformin hydrochloride from alginate–pectin beads into simulated gastric fluid at 37 ºC showed no significant burst effect. The cumulative release reached above 74.71 ± 4.15% in about 12h. The use of sodium alginate and combinations of sodium alginate with pectin were used to study the effect on the sustained release of the drug from the formed beads. It was found that sodium alginate was not sufficient to sustain the drug release at gastric pH (fed condition). Appropriate combination of alginate and pectin could provide the sustained release of drug. Floating gel beads formulation provides an alternative delivery for metformin in diabetes treatment.

scholarly journals Enkapsulasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Hasil Fermentasi Buah Salak (Salacca zalacca) Lokal Menggunakan Aginat dengan Pewarna Kembang Sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Christy Purukan ◽  
Jainer Pasca Siampa ◽  
Trina Ekawati Tallei
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Extrusion Method

Buah salak merupakan salah buah asli Indonesia yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber bakteri asam laktat apabila difermentasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan enkapsulasi bakteri asam laktat hasil fermentasi buah salak menggunakan metode ekstrusi dengan pewarna kembang sepatu dan menguji viabilitas bakteri yang terenkapsulasi dengan pemaparan terhadap cairan asam lambung pH 3. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 7 hari dan diukur kadar asam, kadar alkohol, dan enumerasi bakteri hasil fermentasi. Enkapsulasi dilakukan dengan mencampur suspensi bakteri hasil fermentasi dengan larutan alginat yang telah dicampur dengan ekstrak kembang sepatu, kemudian diteteskan menggunakan syringe volume 3 ml dan 5 ml dalam larutan CaCl2 sehingga membentuk beads, kemudian diuji viabilitas menggunakan cairan asam lambung pH 3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa alginat dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengkapsul bakteri hasil fermentasi buah salak dengan menggunakan ekstrak kembang sepatu sebagai pewarna alami pada kapsul. Hasil uji viabilitas menunjukkan bahwa beads yang terbentuk dari syringe volume 3 ml lebih baik dibandingkan beads yang terbentuk dengan syringe volume 5 ml.Kata kunci:bakteri asam laktat; enkapsulasi; fermentasi; kembang sepatu; salak. ABSTRACT Zalacca is a fruit native to Indonesia that can be used as a source of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) when fermented. This study aimed to encapsulate LAB obtained from the zalacca fruit fermentation using the extrusion method with hibiscus pigment as a coloring dye, and to test the viability of the encapsulated bacteria in the pH 3 of simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Fermentation was carried out for seven days and acidity and alcohol were evaluated. The number of bacteria was also enumerated. Encapsulation was carried out by mixing fermented bacterial suspension with alginate solution which had been mixed with hibiscus extract and then dripped using 3 ml and 5 ml volume syringes in the CaCl2 solution to form beads. The viability ov LAB was tested after being exposed to SGF. Based on the result of this study it can be concluded that alginate can be used to encapsulate LAB produced from the zalacca fruit fermentation with a pigment extracted from hibiscus used as a natural dye. The viability tests indicated that the beads formed with the 3 ml volume syringe were better than the 5 ml volume syringe.Keywords: lactic acid bacteria; encapsulation; fermentation; hibiscus; zalacca.

Absorption of oxygen into solutions of polymers

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Potůček ◽  
Jiří Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Newtonian Liquids

Absorption of oxygen into water and aqueous solutions of poly(acrylamides) was studied in an absorber with a wetted sphere. The effects of changes in the liquid flow rate and the polymer concentration on the liquid side mass transfer coefficient were examined. The results are expressed by correlations between dimensionless criteria modified for non-Newtonian liquids whose flow curve can be described by the Ostwald-de Waele model.

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity on the foam dynamics for EOR application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rudyk ◽  
Sami Al-Khamisi ◽  
Yahya Al-Wahaibi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Total Flow Rate ◽  
Foam Flow

AbstractFactors limiting foam injection for EOR application are exceptionally low rock permeability and exceedingly high salinity of the formation water. In this regard, foam formation using internal olefin sulfonate is investigated over a wide salinity range (1, 5, 8, 10, and 12% NaCl) through 10 mD limestone. The relationships between pressure drop (dP), apparent viscosity, liquid flow rate, total flow rate, salinity, foam texture, and length of foam drops at the outlet used as an indicator of viscosity are studied. Foaming is observed up to 12% NaCl, compared to a maximum of 8% NaCl in similar core-flooding experiments with 50 mD limestone and 255 mD sandstone. Thus, the salinity limit of foam formation has increased significantly due to the low permeability, which can be explained by the fact that the narrow porous system acts like a membrane with smaller holes. Compared to the increasing dP reported for highly permeable rocks, dP linearly decreases in almost the entire range of gas fraction (fg) at 1–10% NaCl. As fg increases, dP at higher total flow rate is higher at all salinities, but the magnitude of dP controls the dependence of apparent viscosity on total flow rate. Low dP is measured at 1% and 10% NaCl, and high dP is measured at 5, 8, and 12% NaCl. In the case of low dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at higher total flow rate with increasing gas fraction, but similar at two total flow rates with increasing liquid flow rate. In the case of high dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at lower total flow rate, both with an increase in the gas fraction and with an increase in the liquid flow rate. A linear correlation is found between dP or apparent viscosity and liquid flow rate, which defines it as a governing factor of foam flow and can be considered when modeling foam flow.

scholarly journals Formulation of Quaternized Aminated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Efficient Encapsulation and Slow Release of Curcumin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Omer ◽  
Zyta M. Ziora ◽  
Tamer M. Tamer ◽  
Randa E. Khalifa ◽  
Mohamed A. Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Drug Encapsulation Efficiency

An effective drug nanocarrier was developed on the basis of a quaternized aminated chitosan (Q-AmCs) derivative for the efficient encapsulation and slow release of the curcumin (Cur)-drug. A simple ionic gelation method was conducted to formulate Q-AmCs nanoparticles (NPs), using different ratios of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as an ionic crosslinker. Various characterization tools were employed to investigate the structure, surface morphology, and thermal properties of the formulated nanoparticles. The formulated Q-AmCs NPs displayed a smaller particle size of 162 ± 9.10 nm, and higher surface positive charges, with a maximum potential of +48.3 mV, compared to native aminated chitosan (AmCs) NPs (231 ± 7.14 nm, +32.8 mV). The Cur-drug encapsulation efficiency was greatly improved and reached a maximum value of 94.4 ± 0.91%, compared to 75.0 ± 1.13% for AmCs NPs. Moreover, the in vitro Cur-release profile was investigated under the conditions of simulated gastric fluid [SGF; pH 1.2] and simulated colon fluid [SCF; pH 7.4]. For Q-AmCs NPs, the Cur-release rate was meaningfully decreased, and recorded a cumulative release value of 54.0% at pH 7.4, compared to 73.0% for AmCs NPs. The formulated nanoparticles exhibited acceptable biocompatibility and biodegradability. These findings emphasize that Q-AmCs NPs have an outstanding potential for the delivery and slow release of anticancer drugs.

Modelling inactivation of wild‐type and clinical Escherichia coli O26 strains using UV‐C and thermal treatment and subsequent persistence in simulated gastric fluid

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1564-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Castro ◽  
D.K.A. Rosario ◽  
Y.S. Mutz ◽  
A.C.C. Paletta ◽  
E.E.S. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Uv C
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