Corn (Zea mays L.) Response to Hybrid, Row Spacing, and Plant Populations in the Blacklands of Central Texas

Field studies were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in central Texas near Taylor (30.5326o N; 97.4548o W) to determine the effect of hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations on corn growth and yield. Two corn hybrids (BH 8844 and BH 8900) were compared at 53,000, 62,000, and 71,000 plants ha-1 planted one row on a single bed or twin rows (spaced approximately 20 cm apart) on a single bed. Plant counts were taken 4 to 6 wk after planting while ear height measurements were taken approximately four wk prior to corn harvest. Crop yield was determined by harvesting all eight rows of each plot with a combine. Weights were adjusted to 12% moisture. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design with corn hybrid (2), row spacing (2), and seeding rates (3) as factors. Data were analyzed using PROC GLM with SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) and treatment means separated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test at P = 0.05. Plant height was not affected by plant populations or row spacing as only hybrid response was significant with BH 8900 being taller in both years. Row spacing affected ear height in one of two years with the twin row spacing having a taller ear placement in the dryer year. No differences were seen with ear placement with respect to plant populations. In the dry year, yield of BH 8844 decreased as plant populations increased; however, no differences were noted with BH 8900. In the wet year, the inverse was seen with increased yield with higher populations with both hybrids. The twin row system increased BH 8900 yield in 2013. In 2014, with BH 8844, the single row system outyielded twin row and no differences noted with BH 8900. The results were quite variable and this was due in part to rainfall events in the two years. Plant and ear height was influenced by hybrid while yield response was somewhat affected by population and row spacing. A hybrid x row width response was noted indicating that certain hybrids will respond to row spacing more than others.

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Trinexapac-ethyl application time in the crop corn agronomic performance grown under different plant arrangements

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p809 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 809-826

Author(s):

Mariana Alves de Oliveira ◽

◽

Claudemir Zucareli ◽

André Prechlak Barbosa ◽

Leandro Teodoski Spolaor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Architecture ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Application Time ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Corn Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Ear Height

Reduced row spacing promotes more uniform spatial distribution of plants in the field. However, the adoption of reduced row spacing only is possible with smaller plants, which may be obtained with the use of plant growth regulator. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of the first corn crop with Trinexapac-ethyl applied at the different plant development stages and grown under different row spacing, with the same plant population. The experiments were arranged in a split-plot randomized block design with four replications, with row spacing for the plots (0.45 and 0.90 m) and Trinexapac-ethyl (TE) application time to subplots (control without application, at the V3, V6, V9 and V12 phenological stages). The Trinexapacethyl application time interacted with row spacings changing the growth and yield performance of the corn crop. For 0.45 m spacing Trinexapac-ethyl application at V12 and for 0.90 m spacing application at V9 and V12 reduced plant height and ear height. Trinexapac-ethyl application at V9 for both row spacings changed the plant architecture without changing the ear length and grain yield.

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Growth and Yield Response of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) to Intra-row Spacing and Variety at Selekeleka, Northern Ethiopia

The Open Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874070702115010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Mulu Teshale ◽

Negasi Tekeste

Keyword(s):

Biomass Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Local Variety ◽

Four Levels ◽

Bulb Yield

Background: Garlic is an important condiment and cash crop in Ethiopia. Low yield and productivity of the crop are the major characteristics of the crop in the country. Many factors affect the productivity of the crop in the country, however poor agronomic practices, especially the use of low-yielding varieties and inappropriate spacing, are the major ones. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth and yield response of garlic to intra-row spacing and variety, and to identify the optimum intra-row spacing and high-yielding variety. Methods: The field experiment was composed of three garlic varieties vis-a-vis Tsedey 92, Bishoftu Netch and Local and four levels of intra-row spacing with 5cm, 7.5cm, 10cm and 12.5 cm laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three times. Data pertaining growth, yield and yield-related parameters were collected and analyzed using Genstat software. Results: Main effects of variety and intra-row spacing significantly(p≤0.05) affected days to maturity, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, bulb length, bulb diameter, clove number per bulb, mean bulb weight, and clove diameter. Interaction effects of variety and intra-row spacing significantly (p≤0.05) influenced clove length, fresh biomass yield, dry biomass yield, marketable cloves per bulb, marketable, unmarketable and total bulb yield. The highest total bulb yield of 8.98 tha-1 was obtained from treatment combination of variety Tsedey 92 and 5cm intra-row spacing although at par with treatment combinations of Bishoftu Netch variety and 5cm intra-row spacing which gave 8.70 tha-1 while the lowest (5.37 tha-1) was obtained at treatment combinations of local variety and intra-spacing of 12.5cm. The highest (8.05 tha-1) and lowest (4.94 tha-1) marketable bulb yield of garlic were obtained at treatment combinations of variety Tsedey 92 planted with 5cm intra-row spacing and local variety planted with 12.5cm, respectively. Conclusion: Tsedey 92 variety together with an intra-row spacing of 5cm could be suggested for high total and marketable bulb yield in the study area.

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Relative sensitivity of conventional soybean to three dicamba based herbicides at different growth stages

Acta herbologica ◽

10.5937/actaherb2101039k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

Stevan Knežević ◽

Adewale Osipitan ◽

Jon Scott

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Block Design ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Yield Response ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Standard Rate

Widespread use of dicamba-based herbicides such as Clarity® (dicamba diglycolamine salt, 480 g l-1), Engenia® (dicamba N,N-Bis-[3-aminopropyl] methylamine salt, 600 g l-1) and XtendiMax® (dicamba diglycolamine salt, 350 g l-1)with Vapor-Grip Technology for weed control in dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops have resulted in UN-intended drifts, partly due to windy and common temperature inversions in many parts of United States. It is unclear if the dicamba-based herbicides made of different formulations or technologies have differential impact on sensitive soybeans including a conventional variety. Thus, field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the relative sensitivity of a conventional soybean to micro-rates of three dicamba-based herbicide products (Clarity®, Engenia® and XtendiMax® ) applied at second trifoliate (V2), seventh trifoliate/beginning of flowering (V7/R1), and full flowering (R2) stages of soybean. The dicamba micro-rates were 0, 0.56, 1.12, 5.6, 11.2, and 56 g ae ha-1; equivalent to 0, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/100, 1/50, 1/10 of the standard rate (560 g ae ha-1) respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a split-split-plot arrangement with 4 replications. There was no significant difference in visual injury, growth or yield response of the conventional soybean to the three dicamba herbicides. The dicamba micro rates caused 40-80% visual injury and 0-97% yield loss depending on the growth stage of application. The estimated effective doses (ED values) suggested that conventional soybeans exposed to dicamba micro-rates at V7/R1 growth stage were more sensitive than those exposed at V2 and R2 growth stages. Based on the ED values, about 0.1% of dicamba standard rate was enough to cause 10% soybean yield loss when applied at V7/R1 stage; while about 1% of dicamba standard rate was required to cause the same level of yield loss when applied at V2 or R2 stage. By implication, dicamba drift on sensitive soybean plants should be avoided to prevent yield loss.

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Penampilan Varietas Jagung Unggul Baru Bermutu Protein Tinggi di Jawa dan Bali

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v10n2.2004.p49-55 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Azrai

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Yield Components ◽

Future Prospect ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Protein Maize ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Puccinia Polysora ◽

Ear Height ◽

Biomass Plant

AbstractStudy on the performance of two quality protein maize (QPM) varieties (Srikandi Putih-1 and Srikandi Kuning-1) plus two Indonesian open pollinated varieties (Bayu and Lamuru) was conducted at seven environments in Java and Bali. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Each variety was grown in a four-row plot with 5 m length, 75cm apart and 25 cm within row spacing and one plant per hill. Observations were made on yield, biomass, plant height, ear height, flowering dates, yield components, plant and ear aspect, husk cover, diseases incidence of Puccinia polysora and Helminthossporium maydis, protein contains, lysine, and tryptophan-amino acids contains. In general, Srikandi Putih-1 and Srikandi Kuning-1 varieties had a good adaptations under all environments. They contained nearly twice the lysine and tryptophan-amino acids compared to Bayu and Lamuru varieties. Therefore, they have future prospect for the development of protein synthesis in humans and monogastric animals.AbstrakPenelitian penampilan varietas jagung unggul baru bermutu protein tinggi (Srikandi Putih-1 dan Srikandi Kuning-1) dan dua varietas unggul nasional (Bayu dan Lamuru) telah dilaksanakan pada tujuh lokasi di Jawa dan Bali pada tahun 2003 sampai 2004. Penelitian ditata dalam percobaan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap varietas ditanam pada petakan empat baris, panjang 5 m, jarak antar baris 75 cm, jarak dalam barisan 25 cm, dan ditumbuhkan satu tanaman per rumpun. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap hasil biji, biomas segar, tinggi tanaman, panjang tongkol, umur berbunga, komponen hasil, skor penampilan tanaman, penutupan kelobot, penyakit karat dan hawar daun, serta kandungan protein kasar, asam amino lisin, dan triptofan. Secara umum varietas Srikandi Putih-1 dan Srikandi Kuning-1 dapat beradaptasi baik pada semua lingkungan. Selain itu, kedua varietas tersebut mempunyai kandungan lisin dan triptofan hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan dengan varietas Bayu dan Lamuru. Oleh karena itu, kedua varietas tersebut mempunyai prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai sintesis protein pada ternak monogastrik dan manusia.

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RESPON PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN PUPUK NPK PADA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TERUNG HIJAU (Solanum melongena L.).

VIABEL Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.35457/viabel.v10i1.113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 53-62

Author(s):

Visca R Yuanita ◽

Tri Kurniastuti ◽

Palupi Puspitorini

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Goat Manure

Research about influence of goat manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of green eggplant (Solanum mengolena L.) has been conducted in field village farmer-owned Semen Gandusari District of Blitar which took place in March-April 2016. The aim of this study was to know the interaction for among goat manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of green eggplant as well as the effect of each factor. This study uses Randomaized Complete Block Design (RCBD) factorial consisting of 16 treatment and each 3 replicates ie: P0M0, P0M1, P0M2, P0M3, P1M0, P1M1, P1M2, P1M3, P2M0, P2M1, P2M2, P2M3, P3M0, P3M1 , P3M2, P3M3. The data taking were plant height, leaf number, fruit length, fruit diameter and weight of fruit per plant. The data were analyzed to F test as followed by a 5% test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) error level of 5%. The experimental results very significant effect on plant height, leaf number, fruit length and weight of fruits per plant and the effect is not noticeable to the diameter of fruit plants green eggplant. The combined use goat manure 750 g / plant and NPK fertilizer 60 g / plant (P2M3) is proper fertilization to improve the growth and best yield of green eggplant with the highest total weight of the fruit crop that yields 1576.6 grams

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RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SELEDRI (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) TERHADAP MEDIA TANAM DAN KONSENTRASI LARUTAN NUTRISI YANG BERBEDA PADA WICK SYSTEM

ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN ◽

10.31602/zmip.v46i2.4330 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Maria Ulfa ◽

Hadi Pranoto ◽

Susylowati Susylowati

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Orthogonal Test ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Optimum Point ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Nutrient Solutions ◽

Polynomial Orthogonal

This research aims to find out 1) the interaction between the medium of planting and the concentration of nutrient solutions to the growth and yield of celery plants hydroponically. 2) types of planting media that can give different influences on the growth and yield of celery plants, and 3) concentration of nutrient solution that provides the best growth and yield of celery plants in different planting media.The research was conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 at the Integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Mulawarman University, Samarinda. The research used factorial exsperiment 3×4 on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times with each treatment consisting of three plants. The first factor is the planting medium consisting of rockwool, charcoal husk, and combination of charcoal husk + tea amps. The second factor is the concentration of AB Mix nutrient solution consists of 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm. The data was analyzed with test F and continued Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of 5%. The results showed that there is an interaction between planting media and concentration of nutrient solution in the growth and yield of celery plants. The interaction between the combination of charcoal planting media + tea pulp and concentration of 1,500 ppm is not real with the interaction of rockwool planting media and concentration of 1,500 ppm. From various types of planting media used, charcoal husk planting media provides the best influence on the growth and yield of celery plants. Based on polynomial orthogonal test the concentration of nutrient solution with an optimum point of 1,460.84 ppm affects the growth and yield of celery plants with a maximum dry weight of 2.14 g.

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Seed Piece Spacing for Spring Chipping Potato Cultivars in Florida

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11431-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 230-235

Author(s):

Fernanda Souza Krupek ◽

Christian T. Christensen ◽

Charles E. Barrett ◽

Lincoln Zotarelli

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Seed Piece ◽

Production Cost ◽

Block Design ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chipping Potato

The cost of seed accounts for nearly 10% of the estimated production cost of chipping potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Florida. Optimizing seed piece spacing can reduce costs without affecting potato yield. This study evaluated the effects of seed piece spacing on yield, quality, and economic revenue of chipping potato production in north Florida. A field experiment was conduct during the spring of 2013, 2014, and 2016 in Hastings, FL, with a split-plot randomized complete block design. In-row seed piece spacings of 10, 15, 20 (industry standard), 25, and 30 cm were assigned as the main plot and S. tuberosum potato cultivars (Atlantic, Harley Blackwell, and Elkton) as the subplots. Marketable tuber yield ranged between 10.8 and 15.2 Mg·ha−1 in 2013, 10.1 and 12.8 Mg·ha−1 in 2014, and 9.9 and 19.7 Mg·ha−1 in 2016. Overall lower yields in 2013 were due to three freeze events early in the season. Widening seed piece spacing resulted in a linear decrease in total and marketable yield in 2013 and 2014. Conversely, seed piece spacings of 10 and 15 cm showed lower marketable yields in 2016. There was no interaction between in-row spacing and cultivar in any year tested. Cultivars performed variably across years for total and marketable yield and specific gravity. Tuber specific gravity was unaffected by seed piece spacing, except in 2013, when 25 and 30 cm resulted in slightly higher values. There was no significant difference in total and marketable yield between the industry standard seed piece spacing 20 and 25 cm in any year. In-row spacing of 25 cm in 2013 and 30 cm seed piece spacing in 2014 and 2016 provided the greatest economic return. Net revenue can be increased by adjusting the in-row seed piece spacing from the commercial standard of 20 to 25 cm, which reduces production cost without negatively impacting yields.

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Effect of Plant Revitalization Hormone and Foliar Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Boro Rice

Bangladesh Rice Journal ◽

10.3329/brj.v19i1.25218 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

MR Karim ◽

MM Rashid ◽

MA Salam ◽

MA Mazid ◽

MA Momin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Liquid Fertilizer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Boro Rice

Correction: In the last line of the abstract, the word 'increase' was replaced with the word 'reduced' on 25th November 2015. The correct sentence now reads "The application of PRH, Calsol and Magic Growth significantly reduced rice yield than that obtained with recommended fertilizer dose."AbstractInherent soil fertility and application of exogenous fertilizer generally affect rice yield. Fertilization would be soil fertilization or foliar feeding through leaf area. Plant growth promoting substances also improve plant performance through modulation of its growth and yield. The study was conducted at BRAC Agricultural Research and Development Center (BARDC), Gazipur. The aim of the study was to find out the growth and yield of Boro rice as influenced by plant revitalization hormone (PRH) and liquid fertilizer Calsol and Magic Growth during dry season 2012-13 using randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatment consists of; T1=Recommend fertilizer dose of NPKS and Zn (Control), T2=T1+ recommended PRH, T3=T2 + half of the PRH, T4=Half of doses of T1 + PRH, T5=PRH, T6=Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK with three N top dressed along with Calsol, T7=Recommended fertilizer dose of NPK with 1st and 3rd split of N application and along with three split of Calsol application, T8=Recommended dose of liquid fertilizer Magic Growth. The effect of different treatment combinations of PRH and liquid fertilizer Calsol and Magic Growth showed significant difference (p<0.05) in panicle m-2, unfilled grain panicle-1, total grain panicle-1, and grain yield. However, none of the treatments out yielded the existing fertilizer application method. The application of PRH, Calsol and Magic Growth significantly reduced (corrected on 25th Nov. 2015) rice yield than that obtained with recommended fertilizer dose.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 33-39

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Soil Application of Cow Dung with Foliar Application of Boost Extra, Effect on Growth and Yield of Okra in an Ultisol, Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v4i1.8579 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Ogundare S. K. ◽

Mohammed S. A. ◽

Owolabi J. F.

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cow Dung ◽

College Of Agriculture ◽

Soil Application ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lady’S Finger ◽

Single Field ◽

Pod Length

Experiments were carried out at the student’s experimental field, Kabba College of Agriculture, Horticulture section to examine the effect of soil application of cow dung combined with foliar application of boost extra on growth and yield of okra in an ultisol, Nigeria. The land was ploughed each year and harrowed with the aid of tractor mounted implements. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments consisted of A = 3t/ha cow dung, B = 1.0 L/ha foliar + 2.5t/ha cow dung, C =1.5L/ha foliar + 2t/ha cow dung, D = 2 L/ha foliar + 1.5 t/ha cow dung, E = 2.5L/ha foliar + 1.0t/ha cow dung, F = 3t/ha foliar. Each year experiment was conducted using a single field having dimension of 35 by 14m which was laid out into three blocks with 1m guard row between blocks. Each block consists of six plots (5 by 4m) and 1m guard row between plots. Cow dung manure was applied a week before planting. Okra variety Lady’s finger was used. Three seeds per hole were planted on April 4th in both years on the flat with a spacing of 60cm x 25cm between and within the rows and later thinned to one plant per stand. Data taken included plant height at 50 % flowering, number of branches per plant, leaf area, pod length, pod diameter, number of pods per plant; and pod weight and yield (t/ha). The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used to separate treatment means. The result shows that plot treated with 2.0L/ha foliar + 1.5 t/ha cow dung had the best performance in yield and yield components in this study. It is therefore recommended that okra farmers should integrated foliar fertilizer (boost extra) at the rate of 2L per hectare with cow dung at rate of 1.5t per hectare be used for okra production in the study area.

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Performance of irrigated green corn cultivars in different plant populations at sowing

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n4p267-272 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

José C. Soares Neto ◽

Antônio L. dos Santos Neto ◽

Wellington M. dos Santos ◽

Daline T. S. Barros ◽

Ademária A. de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Corn Production ◽

Experimental Area ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Single Cross ◽

The City ◽

Single Cross Hybrids

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the yield of green corn hybrids grown under irrigation in different plant populations at sowing. The assay was carried out in the experimental area located in the city of Arapiraca, Alagoas State, Brazil, from November 2015 to January 2016. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four replicates. A double- and a single-cross hybrid (AG 1051 and BM 3061), which are suitable for green corn production, were cultivated in five spacings between plants at sowing (15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5 and 25.0 cm). The characteristics photosynthetic rate (PR), ear length with rusk (HEL) and without husk (UEL), husked ear weight (HEW), unhusked ear weight (UEW), percentage of marketable ears (%ME) and weight of husk (HW) were evaluated. The double- and single-cross hybrids AG 1051 and BM 3061 showed green ears with commercial standard. The cultivar BM 3061 showed the best results for most of the characteristics related to the performance of green corn (PR, HEL, UEL, UEW, HEW, %ME). The spacing of 17.5 cm between plants at sowing was the most indicated for irrigated green corn cultivation.

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