Stress as a State of Anticipatory Vigilance

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Z. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormones ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adrenocortical System

The pituitary-adrenocortical system is activated in stressful situations, and the adrenocortical hormones have been implicated by Selye in the diseases of stress. Evidence indicates that the adrenocortical hormones peak during the period of anticipation of stressful events, not during actual confrontation with them. The circadian Cortisol rhythm shows peaks before waking, not during active periods of the day, and Cortisol does not appear to be required during physical activity. The role of these hormones appears to be to suppress ongoing physiological activity in order to increase vigilance and to get the organism ready to take action before the impact of dangers.

Stress, Cortisol and Suicide Risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Brian O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
The Impact

Suicide is a global health issue accounting for at least 800,000 deaths per annum. Numerous models have been proposed that differ in their emphasis on the role of psychological, social, psychiatric and neurobiological factors in explaining suicide risk. Central to many models is a stress-diathesis component which states that suicidal behavior is the result of an interaction between acutely stressful events and a susceptibility to suicidal behavior (a diathesis). This article presents an overview of studies that demonstrate that stress and dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, are important additional risk factors for suicide. Evidence for other putative stress-related suicide risk factors including childhood trauma, impaired executive function, impulsivity and disrupted sleep are considered together with the impact of family history of suicide, perinatal and epigenetic influences on suicide risk.

scholarly journals Mutual Influence of Psoriasis and Sport

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Paolo Custurone ◽  
Laura Macca ◽  
Lucrezia Bertino ◽  
Debora Di Mauro ◽  
Fabio Trimarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Joint Involvement ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
The Impact

The link between psoriasis and sport is a controversial issue. The topic has been poorly investigated, and nowadays there are many unsolved questions, dealing with the role of psoriasis in influencing the sporting habits of patients and, vice versa, the impact of sport activity on course, severity and extent of the disease, with particular regard to the indirect benefits on cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the role of physical activity on patients’ quality of life and the potential limitations on physical activity due to joint involvement have not been well elucidated until now. In this narrative review we will try to provide answers to these queries.

Review of research on the impact of physical activity on mental state of the elderly

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Morga ◽  
Justyna Traczyk ◽  
Klaudyna Wittenbeck ◽  
Agnieszka Zygmont
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental State ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

AbstractThe aim of the review was to find the factors correlated to the state of mental and physical health of the elderly as well as the factors, behaviours and activities that can be influenced and potentially modified. We performed an analysis of results of research conducted in many places all across the world among the persons after the age of 50. The results of this research indicate a significant role of physical activity in functioning of the elderly. They show how it influences their performance of everyday activities, their mood and health. We discuss the research taking into account the diagnostic tools used, the interventions performed and their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Does Physical Activity Regulate Prostate Carcinogenesis and Prostate Cancer Outcomes? A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Capece ◽  
Massimiliano Creta ◽  
Armando Calogero ◽  
Roberto La Rocca ◽  
Luigi Napolitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Prostate Carcinogenesis ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a common disease in men aged >65 years. The role of physical activity (PA) in patients at risk or diagnosed with PCa represents an evolving issue. We aimed to summarize available evidences about the impact of PA on the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of PCa. Methods: We performed a narrative review. Evidences about the role of PA in elderly patients in terms of PCa biology, epidemiology, oncological and functional outcomes, as well as in terms of impact on the outcomes of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were summarized. Results: Potential pathophysiological pathways hypothesized to explain the benefits of PA in terms of prostate carcinogenesis include circulating levels of Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, sex hormones, and myokines. Clinically, emerging evidences support the hypothesis that PA is associated with decreased PCa risk, improved PCa-related survival, improved functional outcomes, and reduced ADT-related adverse events.

Impact of Exercise/Sport on Well-being in Congenital Bleeding Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
pp. 796-801
Author(s):  
Silvia Fasoli ◽  
Giorgio Gandini ◽  
Anna Giuffrida ◽  
Massimo Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPhysical activity provides many benefits in patients with congenital bleeding disorders. Patients with hemophilia are encouraged to participate in exercise and sports, especially those patients receiving prophylaxis. Several publications and guidelines have explored this issue in hemophilia patients, evaluating in particular the impact of physical activity on patients' well-being and quality of life. The other rare congenital bleeding disorders are less studied; they are heterogeneous in terms of clinical bleeding phenotype, incidence of hemarthrosis, and arthropathy. Furthermore, prophylaxis in these patients is less common than in hemophilia patients, which must be considered when choosing the type of physical and sporting activity. In this review, the authors have analyzed the literature focusing their attention on those rare coagulation disorders that may be complicated by arthropathy and the role of exercise and sports in this context.

scholarly journals HEALTH TRAJECTORIES OVER TIME IN THE ATHLOS PROJECT: FINDINGS FROM MULTIPLE COHORTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S798-S798
Author(s):  
Matthew Prina
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract The ATHLOS (Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies) project is a consortium of 15 partners across Europe who are working together to understand patterns of healthy ageing trajectories, and to seek the factors that determine those patterns, in a harmonised dataset of 17 international cohort studies of ageing. During this symposium we will be presenting some of the work that has recently been carried out within this project. The symposium will consist of four talks: the first talk will introduce the project, and describe the preliminary work that took place within the first few years of the project, and the challenges faced by the consortium. The second talk will focus on the harmonisation process and on the development of the health metric, an indicator used to measure healthy ageing in this project. The third talk will focus on inequalities in healthy ageing, specifically investigating the impact of education and wealth across cohorts. Finally, in the last talk we will describe the role of lifestyle behaviours (specifically physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) and their impact on healthy ageing trajectories.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Exercise and Sport Programs as Effective Therapeutic Tools in Psychosocial Rehabilitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Sancassiani ◽  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Antonio Preti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
The Impact

People with severe psychosocial disabilities have a 20-years shorter lifespan due to chronic somatic comorbidities and the long-term consequences of the side-effects of antipsychotic drugs.They often are sedentary and show lower levels of physical activity, factors which can contribute to their shorter lifespan, because of the greater cardiovascular risk.An increasing amount of evidence, including clinical trials, pointed out that sport, physical activity and structured exercise programs improve physical and psychological wellbeing of people with psychosocial disabilities, playing also an important role against their social isolation and self-stigma.The NICE and APA guidelines include exercise and physical activity for the management of depressive symptoms.Safe and effective programs require multidisciplinary teams that should always include mental health professionals, able to recognize the psychosocial needs, the impact of symptomatology, the role of secondary effects of psychotropic medication, the effect of previous exercise history, the lack of motivation, the inexperience with effort intensity and the frustration of people with psychosocial disabilities.

Exercise, Nutrition, and Homocysteine

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanae M. Joubert ◽  
Melinda M. Manore
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Impact

Homocysteine is an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor modi-fable by nutrition and possibly exercise. While individuals participating in regular physical activity can modify CVD risk factors, such as total blood cholesterol levels, the impact physical activity has on blood homocysteine concentrations is unclear. This review examines the influence of nutrition and exercise on blood homocysteine levels, the mechanisms of how physical activity may alter homocys-teine levels, the role of homocysteine in CVD, evidence to support homocysteine as an independent risk factor for CVD, mechanisms of how homocysteine increases CVD risk, and cut-off values for homocysteinemia. Research examining the impact of physical activity on blood homocysteine levels is equivocal, which is partially due to a lack of control for confounding variables that impact homocysteine. Duration, intensity, and mode of exercise appear to impact blood homocysteine levels differently, and may be dependent on individual fitness levels.

scholarly journals ROLE OF JUNIOR TRAINING IN REDUCING THE LEVEL OF THEIR CRIMINAL INCLINATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (80) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
V.A. Kaznazcheev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Powerful Factor ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of physical training on crime among juvenile convicts, namely, how physical activity, a set of physical exercises and much more can affect the behavior of juvenile convicts and, directly, contribute to their correction. Proper physical education of minor children is a powerful factor in preventing and deterring crime. The urgency of the need to involve adolescents in active sports is important in order to develop the values of physical education and improve the form and orientation of the promotion of physical education and sports in order to minimize juvenile delinquency.

scholarly journals The Role of Diet, Alcohol, BMI, and Physical Activity in Cancer Mortality: Summary Findings of the EPIC Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4293
Author(s):  
Esther Molina-Montes ◽  
Esther Ubago-Guisado ◽  
Dafina Petrova ◽  
Pilar Amiano ◽  
María-Dolores Chirlaque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cancer Mortality Risk

Evidence on the impact of diet, alcohol, body-mass index (BMI), and physical activity on mortality due to cancer and other cancer-related outcomes is still scarce. Herein, we reviewed the contribution of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study to the current state of the art on the role of these factors in cancer mortality. We identified 45 studies using a rapid systematic review methodology. Dietary factors associated with reduced cancer mortality included raw vegetable intake; dietary fiber intake; the Mediterranean diet; other dietary scores; other diet patterns including low meat eaters, vegetarians/vegans, or fish eaters; dietary intake (or biomarkers) of some vitamins (e.g., vitamin D, vitamin K2, or Vitamin C); and intake of lignans. Physical activity and following healthy lifestyle recommendations also reduced cancer mortality risk. In contrast, dietary factors associated with higher cancer mortality risk included poor diet quality, consumption of alcohol and soft drinks including juice, and, to a lesser extent, intake of some fatty acids. Excess weight and obesity also increased the risk of cancer mortality. The EPIC study holds valuable information on diet and lifestyle factors and offers a unique opportunity to identify key diet-related factors for cancer mortality prevention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document