Self-Talk in a Basketball-Shooting Task

2001 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannis Theodorakis ◽  
Stiliani Chroni ◽  
Kostas Laparidis ◽  
Vagelis Bebetsos ◽  
Irini Douma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
Sports Sciences ◽  
Basketball Shooting

This study examined the effectiveness of two different types of self-talk on the performance of a basketball-shooting task. 60 physical education and sports sciences students were organized into one control and two treatment groups which used self-talk. During the experiment, the control group performed with the general instructions, whereas the self-talk groups used the cue-words “relax” and “fast,” respectively. Analysis showed that only the participants of the self-talk group who used the word “relax” improved their performance significantly as compared to the other two groups. It appears that self-talk can positively affect performance if its content is appropriate for the task performed.

scholarly journals Self-talk does not affect the transfer and retention in the tennis forehand learning in beginners

Kinesiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Thiago Rogel Santos Ferreira ◽  
Flávio Henrique Bastos ◽  
Silmara Cristina Pasetto ◽  
Camila Torriani-Pasin ◽  
Umberto Cesar Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Retention Test ◽  
Transfer Test ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acquisition Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Transfer And Retention ◽  
Directing Attention

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of self-talk on motor learning in beginners. The learning task was the forehand stroke in tennis. Eighty-four students were assigned into five self-talk groups and one control group. One of the self-talk groups used four cues for directing attention to key elements of the forehand stroke. The other self-talk groups made use of only one of the four cues (ball, bounce, hit, and ready), and the control group received only general instructions. In the acquisition phase, all groups performed 180 trials over three days. Then they performed a transfer test of 10 trials involving a change in the target direction. After five days they performed a retention test in the same conditions of the acquisition phase. The performance was analysed in terms of rates of success and consistency of the forehand hit to the target located on the opponent’s court. Results showed that all groups improved their performances in the acquisition phase, and that they maintained the improvement in the retention and transfer tests. However, no differences were found between the groups. It was concluded that self-talk did not affect the learning of forehand stroke in tennis. In addition, learning with self-talk with four cues was similar to that with selftalk with only one cue.

scholarly journals In VitroAdherence of Oral Bacteria to Different Types of Tongue Piercings

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pereira Borges ◽  
Julio Cesar Campos Ferreira-Filho ◽  
Julia Medeiros Martins ◽  
Caroline Vieira Alves ◽  
Bianca Marques Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The purpose of this work was to verifyin vitroadherence ofE. corrodensandS. oralisto the surface of tongue piercings made of surgical steel, titanium, Bioplast, and Teflon. For this, 160 piercings were used for the count of Colony Forming Units (CFU) and 32 piercings for analysis under scanning electron microscopy. Of these, 96 (24 of each type) were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth and 50 μL of inoculum at 37°C/24 h. The other 96 piercings formed the control group and were individually incubated in 5 mL of BHI broth at 37°C/24 h. Plates were incubated at 37°C/48 h for counting of CFU/mL and data were submitted to statistical analysis (pvalue<0.05). ForE. corrodens, difference among types of material was observed (p<0.001) and titanium and surgical steel showed lower bacterial adherence. The adherence ofS. oralisdiffered among piercings, showing lower colonization (p<0.007) in titanium and surgical steel piercings. The four types of piercings were susceptible to colonization byE. corrodensandS. oralis, and bacterial adhesion was more significant in those made of Bioplast and Teflon. The piercings presented bacterial colonies on their surface, being higher in plastic piercings probably due to their uneven and rough surface.

Relocation does not have a significant effect on the growth rate of Bos indicus cross steers

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Holroyd ◽  
V. J. Doogan ◽  
M. R. Jeffery ◽  
J. A. Lindsay ◽  
B. K. Venus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Native Pastures

This experiment tested the hypothesis that relocating cattle is detrimental to their growth. The study examined the effect of having relocated cattle mixed with, or segregated from, the local acclimatised cattle at the destination property. Bos indicus cross steers (120) were allocated to three groups and were relocated, in two separate cohorts, 980 km from northern Queensland to improved pastures in central Queensland. At the start of Phase 1, the control group (C) was moved 3 months before the other two groups. The remaining two groups grazed native pastures; one group was supplemented (SR) to increase growth rate similar to that expected from improved pasture in central Queensland and the other was not supplemented (R). At the end of Phase 1, C was significantly (P < 0.05) heavier than SR, which was significantly (P < 0.05) heavier than R. At the start of Phase 2, the SR and R groups were relocated and after transportation the R and SR groups lost 12 kg or 4.4% of liveweight and 18 kg or 5.7% of liveweight, respectively; this weight loss was recovered after 5 days. All steers were reallocated to segregated (SEG) or mixed (MIX) treatment groups forming six treatments (SEG.C, SEG.R and SEG.SR and MIX.C, MIX.R and MIX.SR). There were no significant differences in liveweights within the SEG treatments by 57 days or within the MIX treatments by 106 days after relocation. There were few if any significant differences in the plasma constituents and differential leucocyte counts of the steers and most results were within physiologically normal ranges. We conclude on the basis of these results and of other experiments that the anecdotal poor performance of cattle after relocation appears to be unfounded.

I Will Use Declarative Self-Talk . . . or Will I? Replication, Extension, and Meta-Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Elizabeth M. Mullin ◽  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Erika D. Van Dyke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
And Control

A series of studies was conducted by Senay et al. in 2010 to replicate and extend research indicating that self-posed questions have performance benefits. Studies 1–3 compared the effects of the self-posed interrogative question (“Will I?”) to declarative (“I will”) and control self-talk, and found no significant group differences in motivation, perceived exertion, or performance. In Studies 4–5, interrogative, declarative, and control self-talk primes were compared, and no outcome differences were found. In Study 6, the effects of self-talk on motivation, perceived exertion, and physical performance were assessed. The self-talk groups performed better and were more motivated than the control group, but declarative and interrogative groups did not differ from each other. Finally, meta-analyses of the six studies indicated no significant differences among conditions. These results highlight the value of replication and suggest that factors other than grammatical form of self-posed questions may drive the demonstrated relationships between self-talk and performance.

A Comparison of Symbol Transparency in Nonspeaking Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
Peggy A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Severe Mental Retardation ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Picture Communication

This investigation compared the transparency of 11 different types of symbols representing objects with 40 nonspeaking subjects who experienced various degrees of intellectual disability. The subjects included a number of individuals with physical impairments or autism in addition to mild, moderate, or severe mental retardation. The symbol sets included: nonidentical objects, miniature objects, identical colored photographs, nonidentical colored photographs, black-and-white photographs, Picture Communication Symbols (PCS), Picsyms, Rebus, Self-Talk, Blissymbols, and written words. Statistical analyses indicated that real objects were more readily recognized than were any of the symbol sets and that Blissymbols and written words were more difficult than were any of the other sets. In addition, the results suggest the existence of a hierarchy of difficulty at the object (noun) level for the symbol sets assessed. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for selecting an initial symbol set for nonspeaking individuals. In addition, some suggestions for using the assessment protocols in clinical practice are presented, along with future research implications.

scholarly journals The influence of recipe modification and nutritional information on restaurant food acceptance and macronutrient intakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stubenitsky ◽  
JI Aaron ◽  
SL Catt ◽  
DJ Mela
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the influences of nutritional information and consumer characteristics on meal quality expectations, food selection and subsequent macronutrient intakes of consumers offered a reduced-fat option in a restaurant.DesignA target, full-fat (FF) main restaurant meal option was developed in a version substantially reduced in fat and energy (RF). Restaurant patrons were randomly placed into one of four treatment groups varying in provision of menu information about the target dish, and the actual version of that dish served (if ordered). A full-fat blind (FFB) control group was given no nutritional information in the menu and was served the FF version. The other three groups were all served the modified RF version: (i) reduced-fat blind (RFB), who were given no nutritional information; (ii) reduced-fat informed (RFI), who were given nutritional information; and (iii) reduced-fat informed with details (RFID), who were given the same nutritional information plus recipe modification details. Subjects rated their expected and actual liking, the pleasantness of taste, texture and appearance of the dish, how well the dish matched their expectations, and the likelihood of purchase again. Additional measures included the other dish selections, sociodemographic and attitudinal information.SettingA silver service (training) restaurant.SubjectsMembers of the public (n = 279) consuming meals in the restaurant.ResultsThe presence of nutritional information on the menu did not significantly increase subsequent intakes of energy and fat from the rest of the meal, and did not significantly influence sensory expectations or post-meal acceptance measures (which also did not differ between the FF and RF versions). Consumer characteristics relating to fat reduction attitudes and behaviours were significantly related to the selection of different dishes.ConclusionsProvision of RF alternatives in a restaurant can have significant positive dietary benefits. Menu nutritional information did not affect measures of meal acceptance. Further studies should identify which types of information formats might be most effective in enhancing the selection of ‘healthy’ options.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inference Training on Children's Comprehension of Expository Text

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Carr ◽  
Peter Dewitz ◽  
Judythe P. Patberg
Keyword(s):  
Expository Text ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Cloze Procedure ◽  
Inferential Thinking

Three procedures were used to help sixth-grade children increase inferential reading comprehension with expository text: a structured overview to activate background knowledge, the cloze procedure to develop an inferential thinking strategy, and a self-monitoring checklist to train the subjects to use the strategy independently. There were two treatment groups. One used the cloze procedure to integrate text and background knowledge and the checklist to maintain the strategy; the other used both the structured overview and the cloze procedure with the checklist. A control group read the same materials as the other two groups, but was not trained in any strategy. Posttests periodically measured the students' progress and ability to infer. Transfer and delayed transfer tests measured the application of inferential skills to untaught materials immediately after instruction and six weeks thereafter without further instruction. Results indicated that students in both treatment groups increased their inferential comprehension skills as measured by both the immediate and delayed transfer tests. Results also indicated that below average readers benefitted most from the instruction.

scholarly journals Effects of a mixture of organisms,Lactobacillus acidophilusorStreptococcus faecalison cholesterol metabolism in rats fed on a fat- and cholesterol-enriched diet

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michihiro Fukushima ◽  
Masuo Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Organism Group

The effect of a mixture of organisms (a probiotic mixture) comprisingBacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, SaccharomycesandCandida(107–8colony-forming units/g rice bran of each component) on lipid metabolism was compared with that ofL. acidophilusand that ofS. faecalis. There were four treatment groups: rice bran (control), the mixture of organisms,L. acihphifusorS. faecds(30g/kg) were given to rats in a fat- and cholesterol-enriched diet for 4 weeks. The serum total cholesterol concentration of the group fed on the mixture of organisms was reduced by 15–33% compared with the other groups at the end of the 4week feeding period (P< 0·05). This group also had a lower hepatic cholesterol concentration (36–44%) than the two single-bacteria groups (P< 0·05). 3-Hydmxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A reductase (NADPH; EC 1.1.1.34) activities of the mixed-organism andL. acidophifusgroups were significantly lower (61–63%) than those of the other groups (P< 0·05); the activity of the S. faecalis group was also signikantly lower (42%) than that of the control group (P< 0·05). The faecal cholesterol and bile acid concentrations of the mixed-organism group increased compared with those of theL. acidophilusandS. faecalisgroups (P< 0·05). The capacity of the mixed- organism cells to bind bile saltin vitrowas significantly higher (approximately 50%) than that of the singlebacteria cells (P< 0·05). On the other hand, cholesterol micelle formation for the mixed-organism cells was significantly (approximately 9%) lower than that of the singlebacteria cells (P< 0·05). These results indicate that the mixture of organisms decreased the synthesis of cholesterol in the liver and increased the loss of steroids from the intestine, in rats. Thus, the mixture of organisms had a hypocholeaterolaemic role

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS RUNNING ON ENDURANCE OF MEN KABADDI PLAYERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5(SE)) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A. Subradeepan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sports Sciences ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Continuous Running

The purpose of the study was to investigation the effect of continuous running on endurance of men kabaddi players. To achieve the purpose of this study, thirty men kabaddi players selected from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India.  The age, height and weight of the subjects ranged from 19 to 21 years, 155 to 169 centimetres and 58 to 68 kilograms respectively. They were divided into two groups; each group consisted of fifteen subjects. Group-I underwent continuous running and group-II acted as control who does not participate in any training programme. The data collected from the two groups prior to and post experimentation were statistically analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The experimental group had significant improvement on endurance when comparing to the control group.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document