A Behavioral Nosology for Tinnitus

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Briner
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Antidepressant Therapy ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Tinnitus Severity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Studies of the physiological and psychological characteristics of tinnitus and its treatment have yielded a variety of conclusions The variation in results may reflect heterogeneous patient populations. Although the sources of variation are many, one may be derived from combining patients of several severities of tinnitus into a single group. A nosology is proposed for tinnitus severity to be classified by the patient's behavioral responses. Classifying patients allows direction to specific treatment modalities and will facilitate research. The concept of phantom auditory pain and a rational basis for the use of antidepressant therapy are discussed.

A Study on Frozen Shoulder and its clinical management through Nasaapana and Nasya

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveenkumar H. Bagali ◽  
A. S. Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The unique position of man as a master mechanic of the animal kingdom is because of skilled movements of his hands and when this shoulder joints get obstructed, we call it as Apabahuka (Frozen shoulder), we do not find satisfactory management in modern medical science. Various effective treatment modalities have been mentioned which reverse the pathogenesis, Shodhana is advised initially followed by Shamana therapies. In the present study 30 patients were selected incidentally and placed randomly into two groups A and B, with 15 subjects in each group. Group A received Amapachana with Panchakola Churna, Jambeera Pinda Sweda and Nasya Karma. Group B received Amapachana with Panchakola Churna, Jambeera pinda Sweda and Nasaapana. In both the groups two months follow up was done. Both groups showed significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of Apabahuka as well as the activities of daily livings, thereby improving the quality of life of the patients. Nasya Karma and Nasaapana provided highly significant results in all the symptoms of Apabahuka. In the present study as per the clinical data, Nasaapana is found to be more effective than Nasya Karma.

Management of Optic Neuritis in Ayurveda - A Special Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Harsha S. ◽  
Dr. Mamatha KV.
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Special Case

The optic nerve carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic neuritis is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed. Optic neuritis can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation usually causes temporary vision loss that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic neuritis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. There are no direct references in our classics regarding optic neuritis but can be contemplated as a condition by name Parimlayi Timira. The specific management as such is not cited but a transcendence approach can be done with adopting the treatment which has the ability to pacify the already occurred pathology and prevent the further development of the disease. One such interesting case study on Optic neuritis is elaborated here where in specific treatment modalities (Shodana, Shamana and Kriyakalpas) played role in pacifying the condition.

scholarly journals Molecular Subtypes and Precision Oncology in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Carolin Czauderna ◽  
Martha M. Kirstein ◽  
Hauke C. Tews ◽  
Arndt Vogel ◽  
Jens U. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 ◽  
Liver Cancers

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are the second-most common primary liver cancers. CCAs represent a group of highly heterogeneous tumors classified based on anatomical localization into intra- (iCCA) and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA). In contrast to eCCA, the incidence of iCCA is increasing worldwide. Curative treatment strategies for all CCAs involve oncological resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in early stages, whereas chemotherapy is administered at advanced stages of disease. Due to late diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and limited treatment options, the prognosis of patients remains poor. Comprehensive molecular characterization has further revealed considerable heterogeneity and distinct prognostic and therapeutic traits for iCCA and eCCA, indicating that specific treatment modalities are required for different subclasses. Several druggable alterations and oncogenic drivers such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene fusions and hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations have been identified. Specific inhibitors have demonstrated striking antitumor activity in affected subgroups of patients in phase II and III clinical trials. Thus, improved understanding of the molecular complexity has paved the way for precision oncological approaches. Here, we outline current advances in targeted treatments and immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, we delineate future perspectives for different molecular subclasses that will improve the clinical care of iCCA patients.

Blind Comparative study between Silver nanoparticles dressings and Standard Moist Wound Dressings (SMWD) in management of diabetic foot ulcers

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Abdelaal ◽  
Mostafa Soliman ◽  
Hany Rafik ◽  
Mohamed Emam ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed Elsadek
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Foot Ulcers ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are the main cause of hospitalization in diabetic patients and they are considered a major worldwide health problem. Thus, there is a need to evaluate various treatment modalities. In this study we will assess the clinical efficacy of Silver nanoparticles dressing vs Standard Moist Wound Dressing (SMWD) in management of diabetic foot ulcers. Objective To compare wound outcome, limb salvage, healing time of diabetes related foot ulcers and cost effectiveness in terms of duration of hospital stay between Silver nanotechnology dressings and Standard moist wound therapy (SMWT) in management of diabetic foot ulcers. Patients and Methods This is a prospective randomized controlled study involving 34 patients with active diabetic foot ulcers, in a high volume tertiary referral vascular center. They were divided into 2 groups: 17 patients (group A) were prescribed SMWD and the other 17 patients (group B) received Silver nanoparticles wound dressing. Results Our study correlates with the study conducted by K.Suhas et al. which had observed that Silver nanoparticles wound dressing was safe and effective treatment for complex diabetic foot wounds and could lead to higher proportion of healed wounds and faster healing rates. At the end of the study, group B promised a better outcome as compared to group A. Conclusion The role of Silver nanoparticles wound dressing in healing of diabetic foot ulcers has been proposed as a novel method of manipulating the chronic wound environment in a way that it reduces bacterial burden and chronic interstitial wound fluid, increases vascularity and cytokine expression and to an extent mechanically exploiting the viscoelasticity of peri wound tissues.

Antidepressant therapy

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Therapy ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Commit Suicide ◽  
Consistent Approach

In diagnosing depression, the most important maxim is to remember its existence. Depression may present overtly or covertly; it may be associated with suicide, alcoholism, or addiction to amphetamines. Perhaps half the depressions seen in general practice require specific treatment, of which a quarter may need referral to a psychiatrist or a psychiatric hospital. If left untreated about 1 in 7 severe depressives die, commit suicide, or become chronic invalids. About these observations there is general agreement. Unfortunately, views about treatment are more diverse, and it is impossible to discuss all of them in a short article, especially if the conclusions are to be firm enough for general use. What follows, therefore, does not represent a consensus of psychiatric opinion, for this does not exist. It is an account of a consistent approach to therapy well supported by experimental evidence and found useful in practice.

A Comparative Study of Epidemiology, Clinicopathologic Features and Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Patients between Ain Shams University Hospitals and Luxor International Hospital

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Hussein Kamel ◽  
Amr Lotfy Farag ◽  
Dr/Sherif Hassanin Ahmed ◽  
Chresteen Talaat Samy Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Clinicopathologic Features ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is the third most common malignancy after lung & breast and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for approximately 1,400,000 new cases and about 700,000 deaths worldwide. Objectives The aim of this retrospective study is to compare the epidemiology, clinicopathologic features, different treatment modalities and outcomes regarding disease free survival (DFS), progression free survival (PFS) & overall survival (OS) of colorectal cancer disease between cases presented to Ain shams university hospital & to Luxor international hospital in 3 consecutive years. Patients and Methods The study is retrospective comparative study. Clinical oncology department in Ain Shams University Hospital and Luxor International Hospital. The data Collected from January 2013 to December 2015. This study analyzed hospital records of patients who diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and allocated into two groups: Group A: CRC patients presented to Ain-Shams University Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015, group B: CRC patients presented to Luxor International Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015. Results There was no statistically significant difference regarding age parameter in LIH when compared to ASU, but the study was consistent with higher incidence in patients who were aged more than forty- accounted about 70.5% in all CRC cases. Cases less than 40 years old, in group A were 35.2%, while in Group B were 23.5%. Even there was no statistically significant difference but it may be attributable to more westernization in Lower Egypt. Other explanation may be due to decreased low socioeconomic status and different lifestyle factors in more developing region what increase risk of colorectal cancer. Among our cases, there is no statistically significant difference regarding gender between the two hospitals. Both sexes almost were affected equally, females appeared to be at a slightly higher risk of developing CRC cancer with current prevalence 1.3:1 in ASU group, and 1.1:1 in LIH group. Conclusion The need to increase awareness about CRC in Egypt especially upper Egypt, is recommended. An awareness campaign should be performed to promote detection of CRC at its earliest and most curable stage by recognizing early symptoms and enabling early referrals for colonoscopy. Those at higher risk should be offered more intensive surveillance. Similarity of the data from different centers suggests that this is the picture of colorectal cancer typical of Egypt.

Facial Esthetics Classification and Gingival Pigmentation Index of Treatment Needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Puzhankara Lakshmi ◽  
Menon Sai Megha ◽  
Suresh Reshma
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Precise Assessment ◽  
Classification And Treatment

Background : The Indian population shows an extensive range of gingival pigmentation. A detailed description of the gingival pigmentation pattern would provide data for the formulation of an efficient plan for depigmentation. This article gives a novel comprehensive classification to aid in the precise assessment of the pattern and distribution of gingival pigmentation and decision regarding the methods for depigmentation. Methods : Previously existing, established indices and classifications for degree of pigmentation, facial complexion, smile line, lip colour and their modifications were used to differentiate various categories of Esthetics: Esthetic, Unaesthetic-mild, Unaesthetic-severe. Treatment needs were formulated based on the category of Esthetics. Results : The various categories of esthetics include E (Esthetic), M (Unaesthetic-Mild), N (UnaestheticSevere) and specific treatment modalities have been assigned based on the treatment needs. Discussion : The treatment for gingival pigmentation should be based on overall facial esthetics. The classification given in this article takes into consideration the components of facial esthetics: Facial Pigmentation, Degree and distribution of gingival pigmentation, smile line and lip colour. The treatment plan proposed considers the need for the treatment and the possible treatment for each category of esthetics. Conclusion : The classification proposed in this article attempts a complete coverage of combinations of facial esthetic components and the Treatment Index encompasses all the possible treatment modalities for each combination. Although a learning curve might exist, once mastered, the classification and treatment index would serve as a baseline for determining treatment needs in patients with gingival pigmentation.

scholarly journals Injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates, and non-motorized scooters in the United States: 2005 - 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
William Milczarski ◽  
Peter Tuckel ◽  
Richard Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
National Databases

Purpose: To provide an updated and comparative analysis of injury-related falls from bicycles, skateboards, roller skates and non-motorized scooters.Methods: The study uses two national databases – the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample  – and subnational databases for New York, California, and Maryland.  Univariate and multivariate analyses (negative binomial regression) are performed to identify effects of age, gender, racial-ethnic background, and region on the incidence of injury-related falls from each of the four devices.Results: The rate of injuries due to falls from bicycles far surpasses the rates due to falls from the other devices.  When a measure of “exposure” is taken into consideration, however, the rate of injuries from skateboards outstrips the rates from bicycles or roller skates.  The profile of patients who are injured from falls from each of the four devices is distinctive.  Asian-Americans are greatly underrepresented among those who suffer a fall-related injury from any of the four devices.  The incidence of injuries attributable to falls varies considerably by geographic region.Conclusions: Public health officials need to be mindful that while certain activities such as scootering might be gaining in popularity, the number of injuries sustained from bicycles still dwarfs the number attributable to falls from skateboards, roller skates, and scooters combined.  Thus special attention needs to be paid to both prevent falls from bicycles and specific treatment modalities.  It is important for public health officials to gather injury data at the local level to allocate prevention and treatment resources more efficiently.

scholarly journals Red blood cell blood group A antigen level affects the ability of heparin and PfEMP1 antibodies to disrupt Plasmodium falciparum rosettes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Hedberg ◽  
Madle Sirel ◽  
Kirsten Moll ◽  
Mpungu Steven Kiwuwa ◽  
Petter Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Flow Cytometric Assay ◽  
Blood Group A ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background The histo-blood group ABO system has been associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19, thromboembolic diseases and Plasmodium falciparum malaria. An integral part of the severe malaria pathogenesis is rosetting, the adherence of parasite infected red blood cells (RBCs) to uninfected RBCs. Rosetting is influenced by the host’s ABO blood group (Bg) and rosettes formed in BgA have previously been shown to be more resilient to disruption by heparin and shield the parasite derived surface antigens from antibodies. However, data on rosetting in weak BgA subgroups is scarce and based on investigations of relatively few donors. Methods An improved high-throughput flow cytometric assay was employed to investigate rosetting characteristics in an extensive panel of RBC donor samples of all four major ABO Bgs, as well as low BgA expressing samples. Results All non-O Bgs shield the parasite surface antigens from strain-specific antibodies towards P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). A positive correlation between A-antigen levels on RBCs and rosette tightness was observed, protecting the rosettes from heparin- and antibody-mediated disruption. Conclusions These results provide new insights into how the ABO Bg system affects the disease outcome and cautions against interpreting the results from the heterogeneous BgA phenotype as a single group in epidemiological and experimental studies. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Placebo response in treatment resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple treatment modalities

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S261-S262
Author(s):  
Brett D M Jones ◽  
Cory R. Weissman ◽  
Jewel Karbi ◽  
Tya Vine ◽  
Louise S. Mulsant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Resistant Depression

AimsThe placebo response in depression clinical trials is a major contributing factor for failure to establish the efficacy of novel and repurposed treatments. However, it is not clear as to what the placebo response in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients is or whether it differs across treatment modalities. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the magnitude of the placebo response in TRD patients across different treatment modalities and its possible moderators.MethodSearches were conducted on MEDLINE and PsychInfo from inception to January 24, 2020. Only studies that recruited TRD patients and randomization to a placebo (or sham) arm in a pharmacotherapy, brain stimulation, or psychotherapy study were included (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020190465). The primary outcome was the Hedges’ g for the reported depression scale using a random-effects model. Secondary outcomes included moderators assessed via meta-regression and response and remission rate. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Egger's Test and a funnel plot. Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to estimate risks.Result46 studies met our inclusion criteria involving a total of 3083 participants (mean (SD) age: 45.7 (6.2); female: 52.4%). The pooled placebo effect for all modalities was large (N = 3083, g = 1.08 ,95% CI [0.95-1.20)I 2 = 0.1). The placebo effect in studies of specific treatment modalities did not significantly differ: oral medications g = 1.14 (95%CI:0.99-1.29); parenteral medications g = 1.32 (95%CI:0.59-2.04); ayahuasca g = 0.47 (95%CI:-0.28-1.17); rTMS g = 0.93 (95%CI:0.63-1.23); tDCS g = 1.32 (95%CI:0.52-2.11); invasive brain stimulation g = 1.06 (95%CI:0.64-1.47). There were no psychotherapy trials that met our eligibility criteria. Similarly, response and remission rates were comparable across modalities. Heterogeneity was large. Two variables predicted a lager placebo effect: open-label prospective design (B:0.32, 95%CI: 0.05-0.58; p:0.02) and sponsoring by a pharmaceutical or medical device company (B:0.39, 95%CI:0.13-0.65, p:0.004)). No risk of publication bias was found.ConclusionThe overall placebo effect in TRD studies was large (g = 1.08) and did not differ among treatment modalities. A better understanding of the placebo response in TRD will require: standardizing the definition of TRD, head-to-head comparisons of treatment modalities, an assessment of patient expectations and experiences, and standardized reporting of outcomes.

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