scholarly journals Performance evaluation of a formulated infant food on some biological indices in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Chris Oche Ikese ◽  
Simon Terver Ubwa ◽  
Peter Agorye Adie ◽  
Steven Inegedu Audu ◽  
Godwin Ejeke
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Biological Indices ◽  
Normal Rat

Abstract Performance evaluation of a formulated infant food on some biological indices in Wistar rats was investigated. For rats fed separately with normal rat feed, formulated infant food and proprietary food, serum total protein and albumin were determined by colorimetric method, red blood cell (RBC) and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts were determined with a haemocytometer, packed cell volume (PCV) was by micro-haematocrit, haemoglobin (HGB) was determined using cyanomethaemoglobin method while mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) were calculated. The results obtained showed that, for Wistar rats fed with normal rat feed, the baseline values prior to the commencement of feeding trial for serum total protein, albumin, body weight, PCV, WBC, platelet count (PLT), RBC, HGB, lymphocyte count (LYM), MCH, MCV, neutrophil (NEU), and eosinophil (EOS) were 82.9 g/dL, 44.75 g/dL, 142.80g, 41.14%, 7.60×103 μL−1, 404.85×103 μL−1, 5.68×106 μL−1, 10.80 g/dL, 50.28 %, 18.42 pg, 59.28 fL, 45.57 %, and 2.57 % respectively. After the feeding trial, the serum total protein, albumin, body weight, PCV, WBC, PLT, RBC, HGB, LYM, MCH, MCV, NEU, and EOS in Wistar rats fed with the formulated infant food (the experimental group) were 79.6 g/dL, 50.65 g/dL, 169.18g, 40.14%, 5.77 ×103 μL−1, 309.85 ×103 μL−1, 6.85×106 μL−1, 12.45 g/dL, 52.85 %, 18.24 pg, 58.64 fL, 42.00 %, and 2.14% respectively and these were in most cases, either greater or comparable with their corresponding mean values of 69.1 g/dL, 44.40 g/dL, 177.97 g, 30.24%, 4.18×103 μL−1, 188.14×103 μL−1, 5.29×106 μL−1, 10.74 g/dL, 53.14 %, 20.37 pg, 57.61 fL, 38.85 %, and 4.57 % respectively in Wistar rats fed with the proprietary infant formula (the control group). This shows that the potential infant food has a more positive effect on most of the biological indices assessed than the proprietary infant food or a comparable effect at the least.

scholarly journals Phytobiotics with Adsorbent to Mitigate Toxicity of Multiple Mycotoxins on Health and Growth of Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Debora Muratori Holanda ◽  
Young Ihn Kim ◽  
Wanpuech Parnsen ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mycotoxin Adsorbent

Phytobiotics with a mycotoxin adsorbent were used to mitigate negative effects of multiple mycotoxins in diets fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 120 pigs (11.6 kg body weight; BW) were assigned to five treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 28 days. Treatments were CON (control), MTD (CON + 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol), DP (MTD + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and DPA1 and DPA2 (MTD + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, 96 pigs (28.5 kg BW) were assigned to four treatments (three pigs/pen) and fed for 26 days. Treatments were CON, MTAF (CON + 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin and 8 mg/kg of fumonisins), AFP (MTAF + phytobiotics at 0.1%), and AFPA (MTAF + phytobiotics and adsorbent at 0.1%). Growth performance was measured weekly, and blood was sampled at the end of study to measure hepatic function and inflammatory status (TNF-α). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. In experiment 1, pigs fed MTD, DP, DPA1, and DPA2 had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed DPA2 had greater (p < 0.05) BW than MTD. Pigs fed DP and DPA2 tended to have lower (p < 0.1) serum total protein than CON. Pigs fed MTD and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Similarly, pigs fed MTD, DP, and DPA2 tended to have higher (p < 0.1) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. In experiment 2, pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) BW than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had smaller (p < 0.05) ADFI than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) aspartate aminotransferase than CON and MTAF. Pigs fed AFP and AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) alanine aminotransferase than CON. Pigs fed MTAF, AFP, and AFPA had lower (p < 0.05) urea nitrogen/creatinine than CON. Pigs fed AFPA had higher (p < 0.05) TNF-α than CON and MTAF. In conclusion, feeding an additional 2.5 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol or 0.19 mg/kg of aflatoxin with 8 mg/kg of fumonisins reduced the growth of pigs. Deoxynivalenol compromised the hepatic function of pigs. Phytobiotics with adsorbent could partly overcome the detrimental effects of mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Corchorus olitorius on the testis and blood testosterone level of adult Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 024-030
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme ◽  
Demian Nnabuihe Ezejindu ◽  
Darlington Cyprian Akukwu ◽  
Amadi Chibundu Chiekezie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Group A ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group B ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Group D

Background: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).ound: The extract of Corchorus olitorius has a reasonable content of vitamins A and C, calcium, iron and fibre, and therefore enjoys a universal application in the treatment of some disease conditions, even as the whole leaf is a very important component of food in so many cultures. Purpose: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Corchorus olitorius extracts on the testis of adult Wistar rats. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 grammes separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorus; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the testes harvested for histological, investigation, and through cardiac puncture, blood samples for some hormonal studies was also collected and investigated using standard laboratory standards. Results: Observations made showed that the extract produced no histological distortions, degenerative or defective effects on the testicular tissues. The testosterone levels of group B, C, and D rats were observed to be significantly higher (P<0.005) than that of the group A (control group).

scholarly journals Lead-Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats: Amelioration by Palm Wine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Femi A. Egbeleke ◽  
Kehinde O. Shittu ◽  
Ayobola A. Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Lead a free-radical generating agent is a multi-systemic toxicant which affects major body systems especially the hepatic axis. Several natural products rich in antioxidant agents have been used to ameliorate lead toxicity. Vitamin C present abundantly in palm wine has been noted for its ability to modulate oxidative stress. This study investigated the ameliorative effects of palm wine in lead-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Adults Wistar rats randomly divided into Groups A-H, consisting of 7 rats per group were used for the study. Groups A and B were administered with distilled water and palm wine respectively. Groups C, E, and G were dosed daily with lead nitrate at dosage levels of 50 (low dose), 150 (intermediate dose) and 600 (high dose) mg/kg body weight (BW). On the other hand, Groups D, F, and H were administered daily with lead nitrate at dosage levels of 50, 150 and 600 mg/kg body weight (BW) as well as palm wine (10 mL/kg BW). All experimental animals were allowed access to standard feed and water without any form of restriction. Estimation of biochemical parameters i.e. total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferases (ALT; AST) took place using standard biochemical methods. The liver was harvested and processed for histological study using haematoxylin and eosin staining techniques. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test. P< 0.05 was considered significant. While albumin concentrations were not significantly different, both total protein and globulin concentrations in lead administered rats were significantly reduced compared with control. Periportal and interstitial hepatitis and necrosis occurred from lead exposure at different levels suggesting hepatotoxicity. Meanwhile, lead and palm wine-administered rats featured similar histologic results. In conclusion, the results of the study, therefore, indicate that palm wine does not possess an ameliorative effect on lead-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Influence of salicylate administration on weight gain and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poźniak B. ◽  
Yuan H. ◽  
J. Yi ◽  
Guo C. ◽  
Deng S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and sodium salicylate (SS) administration on weight gains and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. This study was performed to investigate the safety of ASA and SS in chickens in conditions of moderate overdose. Seventy five broiler chickens (Sanhuangji breed) were divided into control and experimental groups. The chickens were administered orally with ASA or SS in the following daily doses: 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 20 days. In the course of the experiment weight gains were recorded. On day 14 and day 20 the chickens were sampled for blood biochemical analysis. Investigated parameters included serum total protein, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, potassium, sodium and calcium contents as well as alanine transaminase activity. After the last samplings the chickens were dissected and liver and kidney to body weight ratios were recorded. It was demonstrated that SS at a dose of 200 mg/kg increased serum total protein level. ASA increased serum proteins at a dose of 100 mg/kg but not at a higher dose. At the dose of 200 mg/kg ASA increased the kidney to body weight ratio. In all salicylate treated groups the liver weights were lower as compared to the control. No clinical manifestations of intolerance were observed. It is assumed that chickens tolerate ASA and SS well, even in doses producing distinct side effects in several mammalian species.

scholarly journals Anti-malaria and hypoglycaemic activities of Diosgenin on alloxan-induced, diabetic Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 073-079
Author(s):  
Omoirri Moses Aziakpono ◽  
Madubogwu Ngozi Ukamaka ◽  
Oraekei Daniel Ikechukwu ◽  
Ataihire Johnson Uyovwiesevwa ◽  
Chukwuemeka Charles Ofili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

The rising threat of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Monotherapies has prompted the world health organization (WHO) 2006 guidelines to recommend the use of different anti-malarias. In this study, the anti-malaria and hypoglycaemic activities of Diosgenin, a potent, yet poorly reported saponin was investigated on P. falciparum inoculated and Alloxan-Induced, Diabetic Wistar Rats. Fort two (42) adult male wistar rats of between 100g and 150g were procured, acclimatized (for two weeks), and grouped into seven of six (6) rats per group. While Group 1 (Normal control) received normal rat chow and water ad libitum, groups 2 – 4 received no treatment (untreated), 10 mg/kg body weight of anti-diabetic Metformin and 25 mg/kg body weight of diosgenin respectively after inducing diabetes mellitus (DM) with alloxan monohydrate; whereas, groups 5-7 (all malaria infected) were untreated (negative malaria control), 25 mg/kg body weight of diosgenin and 56 mg/kg body weight of anti-malaria coartem respectively. Following treatment period, blood samples were obtained and assayed for fasting blood sugar, packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell count (TWBCC). From the result, P. falciparum exposed rats showed lowered PCV values than control with observed improvements in coartem (significant at p < 0.05) and diosgenin (insignificant) treatment groups. Also, diabetic, diosgenin treated rats showed an insignificant reduction in blood sugar levels compared to control, even though this change was apparently improved compared to diabetic, untreated group. Again, TWBCC caused notable decrease in diosgenin treated, though this decrease signified a huge recovery compared to untreated rats. Corroborative studies on diosgenin with other systems is recommended.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF A HIGH DOSE OF THAUMATIN IN WISTAR RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Warid Khayata ◽  
Ahmad Kamri ◽  
Rasha Alsaleh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this work was to investigate the capability of a high dose of thaumatin; a sweet tasting protein, of improving induced protein malnutrition in male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this study, 12 rats were divided into 2 groups and treated orally along with a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet as follows: water group as a negative control, and thaumatin group at a dose of 464 mg/kg for 3 consecutive w. Blood samples were collected to analyse glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and total protein, and body weight was measured. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out at the end of the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the high amount of<strong> </strong>thaumatin used, only a slight increase in blood glucose occurred and was within the normal range, whereas serum triglycerides and cholesterol decreased significantly unlike control. Body weight had declined in both groups due to a low-protein diet, while total protein and glucose tolerance remained unchanged.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is found that<strong> </strong>thaumatin is safe to consume by Wistar rats even at high doses. Besides that high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet caused falling of body weight, it had drawbacks of increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels which can be useful to create animal models of abnormal lipid metabolism without obesity. However, simultaneous ingestion of thaumatin with this diet had altered the outcomes to the best case. In future, it may be possible to use this combination for achieving healthy eating patterns without drug intervention that is needed for obese patients with various dysglycemia or dyslipidemia manifestations and people following regimes for weight reduction.<p> </p>

scholarly journals A Study of Factors that Contribute to the Severe Progression of Peritonsillar Abscess

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. e1-e5
Author(s):  
Naoya Fujikawa ◽  
Taku Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Protein Serum

Abstract Background Based on the background factors and results of blood tests in patients with peritonsillar abscess, we investigated the factors involved in the prolongation of hospitalization and progression to deep neck abscess of these patients. Objective and Methods We studied the data of 113 patients with peritonsillar abscesses (including those in whom the condition progressed to deep neck abscesses) who were hospitalized at our department during the 3-year period from August 2014 to August 2017. Data of patients who needed hospitalized treatment for 7 days or more, including the age, body mass index (BMI), sickness period, white blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), serum total protein, serum albumin, blood glucose, blood HbA1c, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the first examination, and the neck factors in the cases that progressed to deep cervical abscess were examined using t-tests. Results The blood test items and background factors at the first visit were compared according to the length of hospitalization. The results revealed that prolonged hospitalization was associated with higher values of age, peripheral blood white blood cell count, serum CRP value and blood glucose, and lower values of serum total protein, serum albumin, and eGFR. Conclusions Factors that were associated with a longer hospital stay in this study were relatively high values of age, peripheral blood white blood cell count, blood glucose and serum CRP, and relatively low values of the serum total protein, serum albumin, and eGFR. The disease duration, BMI, and HbA1c were not identified as significant factors. Stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify factors associated with prolonged hospitalization identified the blood glucose and serum albumin levels measured at the first visit as significant predictors of a prolonged hospital stay and higher severity of the illness. Our findings suggested the importance of measuring these factors for predicting the progression to deep cervical abscess.

scholarly journals Toxicological implications of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis on wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusayo Aderonke Shorinwa ◽  
Barizonmdu Monsi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background The unopened buds of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis is used in the treatment of anaemia and skin diseases in traditional medicine. Hence, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the effects of oral administration of the fruit extract of Harungana madagascariensis on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in Wistar rats. Methods Phytochemical screening of the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis was carried out. Acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Sub-acute toxicity studies were done using 24 rats of both sexes which were randomized into four groups of six rats each. Animals in groups A, B, C were administered with the extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively while group D animals were given distilled water (5 mg/kg) and served as the control group. All administrations were done through the oral route for 30 consecutive days. Body weights of the animals were taken weekly during the study. The animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological (red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell) and biochemical (alanine transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and total protein) parameters. Histological examination was conducted on the liver and kidney of the animals. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroidal nucleus, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the RBC, HB, PCV and WBC of the extract treated groups when compared to the control group. There was however, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the creatinine level of the 500 mg/kg extract –treated group and the control. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in other biochemical parameters of the extract treated groups and the control group except for a marginal increase in the total protein in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of the extract (60 g/L) compared with control (54.80 g/L). Histopathological examination showed alterations in the morphology of the liver and kidney in extract treated groups as compared to the control groups. Conclusion The findings have revealed that the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis should be used with caution especially during prolonged usage as the histology showed it has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials. Further studies will be done to establish the effects of the extract on white blood cells.

scholarly journals Maintaining Weight and Nutritional Status with Ninjinyoueito in Elderly Patients with Chronic Wasting Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakagawa ◽  
Katsunori Kagohashi ◽  
Ayako Shioya ◽  
Kensuke Kinoshita ◽  
Hiroshi Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chronic Wasting Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Serum Total Protein

Objectives: To obtain information on the nutritional maintenance effects of Ninjinyoueito (NYT) in elderly patients with chronic wasting disease, a retrospective study was conducted. Methods: we investigated changes in bodyweight and serum levels of total protein and albumin in patients who received NYT for more than 6 months for chronic wasting diseases in our hospital from April 2009 and October 2019. Results: During the study period, 11 patients (median age: 75 years) had NYT for 6 months or more. The median administration period of NYT was 14 months. The bodyweight, serum total protein, and albumin at the time of last observation were not statistically different from those at the time of the start of NYT administration (p=0.1755, p=0.7659, p=0.5498, respectively). Conclusions: Our study suggested the possibility of maintaining nutritional condition by NYT in elderly patients with chronic wasting disease of various etiologies. More evidence will be required to confirm our results. Keywords: body weight; nutritional status; ninjinyoueito; elderly patients; chronic wasting diseases

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