scholarly journals Sustainable infrastructure provision through awareness in selected medium-sized towns in Kwara State

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Popoola Afolayan ◽  
Afolabi Monisola Tunde
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Infrastructure is a basic structure required for sustainable socio-economic and physical development of any human settlement. The issue of sustainable development has recently been linked to infrastructure sustainability. Required to achieve this is the acquisition of appropriate education. Different skills, understanding the complexities that threaten the survival of our system, critical and systematic thinking, building capacity and partnership in decision-making, which are essential tools for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), are required to provide adequate, appropriate and functional infrastructure. This study therefore examines the awareness/knowledge with reference to various skills employed in the provision of infrastructure through communal efforts in ten selected medium-sized towns in Kwara State. These towns are with a population of between 5,000 and 20,000. A total of 400 household heads were sampled systematically through the administration of a questionnaire in the ten selected medium-sized towns. Tabulations, cross tabulations, percentages and chi-square analysis were employed to analyse the gathered data. The findings revealed a significant relationship between awareness/knowledge and the provision of infrastructure with a calculated value of 219.23 greater than the tabulated value 34.41 at alpha level 0.05. Indigenous knowledge coupled with the ideas brought home by indigenes that have travelled far from their immediate communities and some professional skills acquired through community participation in infrastructure provision were employed to provide basic infrastructure required for socio-economic and physical development. Among the infrastructure provided are water, roads, health centres and electricity. The study recommends the improvement of basic education, a review and re-orientation of our educational system to address sustainability for proper collaboration of community efforts with the Community Development division of various local governments. This could be through training of the local communities and promotion of partnership zeal with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in infrastructure provision.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) on Sustainable Development Projects in Katsina Metropolis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naseer Babangida Muazu ◽  
Abubakar Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Nigeria is facing profound social, economic and environmental impact of population growth, development and environmental constraints. It is apparent that government alone has limited capacity to deal with all these problems. NGOs being one of the most effective partners have been playing supportive roles with the government, in some cases, they are considered more effective to get attached with the grass root level developmental initiatives. However, despite the role NGOs played, their presence and impact is not fully evaluated, recognized and appreciated by many governments and community members. It is for this reason this article attempts to examine whether projects executed by NGOs have any impact on sustainable development in Katsina Metropolis, given special emphasis on projects that dealt with environmental protection, poverty alleviation and health care services. The study further look at whether efficiency of NGOs officials has any impact on success of sustainable development projects execution.  A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 NGOs beneficiaries in five (5) selected political wards of twelve (12) in Katsina metropolis. Interviews was used to collect relevant data using a structured questionnaire from NGOs officials which include; development officers and facilitators in five (5) selected NGO offices operating in Katsina Metropolis namely; Save the Children, Service to Humanity Foundation, Murna Foundation, Katsina Friends of Environment and Makudawa Skills Acquisition. Frequency and chi-square analysis was used to present the results. The findings revealed that NGOs are complementing government efforts towards achieving sustainable development through their projects, and efficiency of NGOs officials has significant impact on success of sustainable development projects executed in the area. The findings of the study can benefit government and NGOs in creating more areas of collaboration in order to achieve sustainable development.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Human Survival Strategies in Difficult Environments: A Case Study of the Kom Highlands in Cameroon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Solange Akhere Gwan ◽  
Victor Konfor Ntoban ◽  
Jude N. Kimengsi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Mountainous regions and other difficult terrains, the world over, present significant challenges to communities as they strive to carry out their daily activities. In spite of these difficulties, strategies have been employed by communities to cope with such difficulties, yielding diverse outcomes. The extent and outcomes of survival strategies employed by communities, still beg for scientific and policy edification, in the context of the Western Highlands of Cameroon. This paper contributes to bridge the knowledge gap, by examining the survival strategies employed by locals in the Kom Highlands to confront the challenges presented by the harsh physical environment. 10 key informant interviews were conducted accompanied by a representative survey of 60 farming household heads, drawn from 5 villages in Fundong. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools, including the Chi-square analysis. The results reveal that Kom displays a plethora of harsh physical environmental characteristics, prominent among them are the hilly and difficult terrain, the poor soil quality and the generally cold weather conditions witnessed here. Faced with these challenges, the population employed a number of survival strategies in the agricultural sector, housing and transport. These strategies are unfortunately inadequate and such inadequacy is accounted for by their low level of technology, poverty, ignorance and other cultural factors, among others. The study therefore recommends the need to improve and modernize agriculture through the provision of fertilizers at subsidized rates to the farming population, the encouragement of effective slope stabilization and terracing and also for rigorous government intervention in terms of road and fly over constructions.

scholarly journals Unpacking the “political-institutional complex”: The role of physical and institutional infrastructures in Indonesia’s decentralization reform

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Wai-Hang Yee ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The Political ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Infrastructure Provision ◽  
Nested Relations ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Basic Infrastructure ◽  
Nation Wide Survey

The study looks into how governance qualities of decentralized governments mediate the impacts of decentralization on development. Based on a set-oriented approach, the study analyzed data from a nation-wide survey conducted with business managers from all provinces in Indonesia, and found evidence that, despite the country’s uniform decentralization reform, individual provinces exhibited great variation in the qualities of their various physical and institutional infrastructures. Notably, these qualities assumed nested relations, with order and security as well as accountability and rule of law seemingly being the preconditions of basic infrastructure provision as well as local governments’ coordination. Moreover, business investment decisions (measured as staff expansion and product innovation) were found to vary with some specific combinations of these infrastructural conditions. The result provides evidence supporting the argument that both physical and institutional infrastructures are instrumental to realize the supposed benefits of decentralization and supports the recent call of the literature to look into the political-institutional complex in the process of decentralization reform.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN GANGGUAN PEMUSATAN PERHATIAN DAN HIPERAKTIVITAS DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PADA ANAK SD KELAS 1 DI KECAMATAN WENANG KOTA MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Revina Lalusu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Academic Progress ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is determined by attention disruption and higher level of impulsivity experienced by children which incorporates with the physical development and age. In order to scrutinize if children have carried ADHD, the disruptive symptoms have to be experienced and observed at least six (6) months to the observed children, which have led to academic progress and social disruption, and should be presented before age of 7. Objective/Purpose: This research aims to determine the relationship between ADHD with Hyperactivity and children’s academic achievement in Wenang district, Manado. Methods: Descriptive method combine with quantitative approach has been occupied and been used in January 2013 at the elementary schools in Wenang district, Manado. Results: Based on chi-square analysis, the output is x2count > x2table, and the p < 0,05. As a result, the H0 hypothesis is being rejected. It means there is a significant relationship between ADHD with academic achievement. Conclusion: Bond relationship between ADHD with academic achievement is presented cleary based on the research. The relationship occurs among 68 pupils who are studying in Wenang district 38 boys and 30 girls Key Words: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Academic Achievement     Abstrak: Gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas atau GPPH ditandai oleh rentang perhatian yang buruk yang tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan atau ciri hiperaktivitas dan impulsifitas atau keduanya yang tidak sesuai dengan usia. Untuk memenuhi kriteria diagnostik gangguan harus ada sekurangnya 6 bulan, menyebabkan gangguan dalam fungsi akademik atau sosial dan terjadi sebelum usia 7 tahun.Tujuan: Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas dengan prestasi belajar pada siswa kelas 1 di kecamatan Wenang kota Manado. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari tahun 2013 di sekolah dasar di kecamatan Wenang kota Manado. Hasil: Berdasarkan uji analisis chi square, diperoleh nilai X2hitung > X2tabel, dan nilai p < 0,05 maka berarti hipotesi H0 ditolak. Dapat disimpulkkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara GPPH dengan prestasi belajar. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktifitas dengan prestasi belajar yakni berjumlah 38 anak laki-laki dan 30 anak perempuan. Dengan jumlah keseluruhan 68 anak sekolah dasar di kecamatan Wenang. Kata kunci: Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktifitas (GPPH), Prestasi Belajar

scholarly journals Assessment of the choice of malaria diagnostic methods among household heads of the Nkwen village in Bamenda-3 municipality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Omarine Nlinwe Nfor
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Religion And Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Sampling ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Threat To Life ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Malaria remains a major threat to life in Bamenda in particular and Cameroon in general. Despite numerous and relatively affordable malaria diagnostic and treatment methods, accurate choice of diagnosis remains a major challenge to the inhabitants of the almost 14,285 households in the Nkwen village of the Bamenda 3 municipality. This study was designed to investigate the key determinants of the choice of malaria diagnostic methods (demand side analysis) in the Nkwen village of the Bamenda 3 municipality. A purposive and randomized sampling method was employed to recruit of 560 household’s heads from the 46 quarters of the Nkwen village. The Multinomial Logistic Regression Model and Chi-Square analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The findings reveal that gender, marital status, educational level, income, household size, age, religion and health insurance policy contribute to the choice of malaria diagnostic methods in the study area. Therefore, the integration of socio-economic factors into malaria control policies will feasibly contribute to malaria decrease in the study area.

Does basic education students know the importance of agroecology production systems for the conservation of biodiversity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e04942784
Author(s):  
Andrea Aline Mombach ◽  
Carla Grasiele Zanin Hegel ◽  
Rogério Luis Cansian ◽  
Sônia Beatris Balvedi Zakrzevski
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Conservation Of Biodiversity

The perception of a basic education of the importance of agroecological agricultural systems for human and environmental health is fundamental for changes in consumption habits, the conservation of local biodiversity and long-term social transformation. We analyzed, by utilizing a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, the perceptions about agroecological and conventional agricultural production systems in 360 final students of basic education residing in nine Functional Planning Regions of southern Brazil. We used classification categories for answers within thematic axes, expressed in percentages and analyzed by means of Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In general, students recognize agroecological systems as healthier for their families and for soil and water conservation, largely because they do not use agrochemicals. However, they demonstrated difficulties when arguing their importance for the conservation of biodiversity, ecosystems and for ensuring the food security of populations. Television was the main source of information related to agroecology, mainly for students residing in rural areas, thus pointing out shortcomings in basic education regarding the approach of the theme in schools. Our results show the need to build a complex network of knowledge and discussions on agroecological agricultural systems in basic education, involving changes in student perceptions, behaviors and sustainable choices.

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

The Effect of Sanctions on Cooperative Behavior: A Study on Medium Trust Individuals in the Context of Corruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Rosiana ◽  
Achmad Djunaidi ◽  
Indun Lestari Setyono ◽  
Wilis Srisayekti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Personal Interests

This study aims to describe the effect of sanctions (individual sanctions, collective sanctions, and absence of sanctions) on cooperative behavior of individuals with medium trust in the context of corruption. Both collective sanctions and individual sanctions, are systemic, which means sanctioning behavior is exercised not by each individual but by the system. Cooperative behavior in this context means choosing to obey rules, to reject acts of corruption and to prioritize public interests rather than the personal interests. Conversely, corruption is an uncooperative behavior to the rules, and ignores the public interest and prioritizes personal interests. Research subjects were 62 students. The Chi-Square Analysis was used to see the association between the variables and the logistic regression model was applied to describe the structure of this association. Individual sanction is recommended as punishment to medium trust individuals to promote cooperative behavior in the context of corruption. The results showed that individuals with medium trust had more cooperative behavior.

Evaluation of a New Clinical Test of Fusion Status: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Background Suppression ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
State University ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Central Fusion ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Ohio State University ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Background Suppression is associated with binocular vision conditions such as amblyopia and strabismus. Commercial methods of testing fusion often only measure central fusion or suppression at near. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess a new iPad picture fusion test that assesses foveal and central fusion at near. Methods Participants aged 5 years and older presenting for eye examination at The Ohio State University College of Optometry were enrolled. Results from visual acuity, dry and wet refraction/retinoscopy, stereopsis and cover testing were recorded from the patient chart. The iPad picture fusion test, Worth four-dot, Worth type test with foveal letter targets, and Polarized four-dot were performed by one examiner in a randomized order at 40 cm. Testing was repeated with the anaglyphic filters reversed. Crosstabulation and McNemar chi-square analysis were used to compare the results between fusion testing devices. Results Of the fifty participants (mean age = 17.5), twelve reported suppression and one reported diplopia. Testability was excellent for all tests (98% to 100%). There were no significant differences between tests in reported results (P ≥ 0.22 for all comparisons). No difference in reported fusion or suppression status was observed with change in orientation of the anaglyphic filters. Six participants reported foveal suppression alone at near which was not identified with Worth four-dot at near. Conclusion The iPad picture fusion test provided excellent testability and agreement with commonly used tests of fusion and allowed testing of both central and foveal fusion at near. Nearly half (46%) of participants with suppression reported foveal suppression, supporting the importance of testing for foveal suppression.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PELAYANAN INFORMASI OBAT DAN KONSELING TERHADAP TINGKAT KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT DAERAH IDAMAN BANJARBARU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-249
Author(s):  
Satrio Wibowo Rahmatullah ◽  
◽  
Ika Maulida Nurrahma ◽  
Adnan Syahrizal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Information ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Compliance to achieve treatment success can be improved by providing drug information services (PIO) and counseling to improve understanding of treatment instructions. The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of drug information service and counseling on the level of medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with hypertension in the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital. This study uses a quasi experimental method with a cross sectional approach and takes patient data prospectively. The results of this study indicate that the group given PIO and counseling showed a high level of adherence as many as 20 respondents (100%). Whereas in the group that was not given PIO and the counseling level of adherence was low, there were 4 respondents (20%). Based on the mann-whitney analysis p-value = 0,000 (<α = 0.05) so that there are differences in the group with PIO and counseling with groups without PIO and counseling, while the chi square analysis p-value = 0.004 (<α = 0 , 05) so that PIO and counseling have a significant effect on the level of adherence to taking medication in patients with DM with hypertension at the Banjarbaru Regional Hospital.

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