scholarly journals Growth and Development of Triticum Monococcum L., Triticum Dicoccum Sch. and Triticum Spelta L. in Organic Farming Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Plamen Zorovski ◽  
Vladislav Popov ◽  
Tonya Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Triticum Dicoccum ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Formation Phase

Summary During the 2014-2016 period in Agroecological Center at the Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria growth and development of three species of wheat in terms of organic farming had been tracked in order to return the species in the crop rotation, maintenance of biodiversity and receiving of cleaner and healthy products from organic farms. The three species of wheat Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Sch, and Triticum spelta L., differ between its rate of growth, development, general and productive tillering. In tillering phase the plants reached 12,3 cm of height for Triticum monococcum L., 15,7 cm for Triticum spelta L. and 19,4 cm for Triticum dicoccum Sch. Triticum monococcum L. and Triticum dicoccum Sch, reached ear formation phase 5 days earlier than Triticum spelta L. The interfacial period of stem elongation - ear formation in them, was about 21 days compared to 25 days for Triticum spelta L.. From ear formation to full maturity inter-phase periods were shorter in Triticum dicoccum Sch., which specifies the species as an early mature (6 days earlier) compared to the other two. After phenophase of stem elongation plants were growing the most intensive and in full ripeness reached a height of 94 cm in Triticum monococcum L., 81,5 cm in Triticum dicoccum Sch. and 82,5 cm in Triticum spelta L.

scholarly journals The evolution of the concepts of growth, development and other related, during the last decades

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-465
Author(s):  
Leszek S. Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Graphic Form ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Traditional Term

The evolution of such terms as growth, differentiation, development, morphogenesis etc. is discussed. It is proposed that the term (notion) development should be understood to comprise "growth", "differentiation" and even "abscission, abortion and necrosis". The term "development" is already used in such a way by some authors. The relations among the phenomena denoted by the above terms are presented in a graphic form to show that they partly overlap. The concept that growth and development represent quantitative and qualitative aspects (respectively) of plant augmentation is criticized. The newly introduced terms "development hormone" or "development regulator" seem more suitable than "growth hormone" and "growth regulator", however, these later ones are correct and may be used. The traditional term "phytohormone" and the newly introduced one "phytoregulator" seem convenient, but it must be kept in mind that such substances may transmit information both on a chemical basis as well as on a biophysical one. An example here can be auxin; a change in the wavy character of its transport may serve as information. In some cases a complex of two or more substances may play the role of a hormone, for instance ACC and ethylene, of which one is easily transportable but little active and the other is very active but exerts its action rather locally. Other combinations of activities may exist in other such pairs.

scholarly journals Population growth and development of two species of Cladocera, Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma birgei, in laboratory

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4a) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. SIPAÚBA-TAVARES ◽  
M. A. BACHION
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of four diets on population growth, development, total length, dry weight, and nutritional value of two zooplanktonic species, Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma birgei. The four dietary treatments were: algae alone (A); algae + vitamins (AV); algae + ration (AR); and algae + ration + vitamins (ARV). Growth rate peak for both species occurred faster with AV treatment. In general, AV treatment for M. micrura showed better results for intrinsic rate, fecundity, and embryonic and post-embryonic development. On the other hand, longevity and total spawning number were better with AR treatment (p < 0.05). Vitamin and ration treatments produced the best results in D. birgei species (p < 0.05). The highest percentage of protein and lipids for both cladocerans was verified for ration treatments. Carbohydrate was higher for the treatment containing algae alone (p < 0.05). Generally, diets containing ration and vitamin showed better results in cladocerans development, with water quality adequate for culture systems. Ration and vitamin diets may also be used in high-density cultures in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Investigations into Flour Mixes of Triticum Monococcum and Triticum Spelta

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Katalin Kóczán-Manninger ◽  
Katalin Badak-Kerti
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Triticum Monococcum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Wheat Flours

Abstract Bread samples were made using flour mixes of Triticum monococcum (Tr. monococcum) and Triticum spelta (Tr. spelta). They were tested for their rheological behaviour over the first 3 days of storage at room temperature, and for their characteristics based on a Hungarian Standard. Parameters were set such as the volume of the baked product, baking loss, crumb characteristics and elasticity of crumbs. The behaviour of flour from einkorn wheat is different to that of Tr. spelta. The properties of the tested flour mixes measured by a farinograph show that Tr. spelta produces an acceptable dough, on the other hand, the dough of Tr. monococcum develops quickly but is very unstable so weakens within minutes of being kneaded. This also suggests that doughs composed of einkorn wheat flour require a different type of kneading than those of Tr. spelta (or Tr. aestivum, also referred to as common wheat) flours. Breads composed of Tr. spelta were comparable with those made with Tr. aestivum, the crumb elasticity was above 90 % on the day of baking, which indicates high quality. The Tr. monococcum breads, however, were of low grade: the volume of the breads decreased by increasing the ratio of Tr. monococcum to Tr. spelta and the elasticity reduced to unacceptable levels (less than 60 %). It should be mentioned that the grading was based on breads made purely from Tr. aestivum flours.

scholarly journals Trends in the Development of Organic Farming in Poland and Latvia Compared to the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (338) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Adam Pawlewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Brodzinska ◽  
Andra Zvirbule ◽  
Dina Popluga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Support System ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe development of organic farming is determined by many factors. On the one hand, it is an increase in demand for food produced in this production system, on the other it is a subsidy system for organic farming under the CAP. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the direction of changes in the development of organic farming in Poland and Latvia compared to the EU in the years 2000-2017. Information was analysed on the organic farming i.e. the area of organic crops, the number of certified farms and organic retail sales, based on FIBL data from the years 2000–2017. An analysis of the trend of changes in organic farming in Poland and Latvia indicates that the development of organic farming in both countries has clearly accelerated after their accession to the EU and after covering organic farming by the CAP support system. However, the case of Poland is definitely different from the trend of changes in organic farming in Latvia and in the EU, where both the number of organic farms and their area increased, with the simultaneous development of the organic food market. There are many indications that mistakes were made in the organic farming subsidy system.

scholarly journals A Screen for Genes That Function in Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 1247-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Nambara ◽  
Masaharu Suzuki ◽  
Suzanne Abrams ◽  
Donald R McCarty ◽  
Yuji Kamiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Abscisic Acid Signaling ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) controls many aspects of plant growth and development under a diverse range of environmental conditions. To identify genes functioning in ABA signaling, we have carried out a screen for mutants that takes advantage of the ability of wild-type Arabidopsis seeds to respond to (−)-(R)-ABA, an enantiomer of the natural (+)-(S)-ABA. The premise of the screen was to identify mutations that preferentially alter their germination response in the presence of one stereoisomer vs. the other. Twenty-six mutants were identified and genetic analysis on 23 lines defines two new loci, designated CHOTTO1 and CHOTTO2, and a collection of new mutant alleles of the ABA-insensitive genes, ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. The abi5 alleles are less sensitive to (+)-ABA than to (−)-ABA. In contrast, the abi3 alleles exhibit a variety of differences in response to the ABA isomers. Genetic and molecular analysis of these alleles suggests that the ABI3 transcription factor may perceive multiple ABA signals.

Concept of vayu in ayurved and yogshastra – a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr sunila h deo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Introduction and Background: Yogashastra and Ayurveda are two ancient Indian sciences that have evolved separately over millennia. Many masters have contributed to the growth and development of these sciences and they have produced seminal literature and body of knowledge in both these streams. The goals and objectives of these two sciences differ from each other and accordingly their approaches too differ from each other.  Both in Yogashastra and Ayurveda, the concept of Vayu has very important place. Current effort is undertaken from the viewpoint to unravel the complementary and contradictory aspects and explore the possibility of combining the concepts so as to evolve the holistic approach. Aim: To compare the concept of Vayu as described in Yogashastra and in Ayurveda. Discussion and Results: Yogashstra the concept of Vayus is aimed solely at attaining mastery over the bodily Vayus by following Yogic disciplines to attain Moksha or final emancipation of the soul from the unending cycle of birth and death. This puts the Yogic discussion of Vayus in the realm of highest spiritual practices with the ultimate conceivable goal of human life that can be taught only by the accomplished masters and eligible seekers who fulfil the strictest eligibility criteria stipulated by Yogic discipline. On the other hand in Ayurveda the concept of Vayus is from the perspective of knowing physiology and causes of various diseases and their treatment by means of various therapies and medicines. All these things are essentially corporeal in nature and do have worldly goals to achieve.

scholarly journals Effects of herbicides on growth and number of actinomycetes in soil and in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Santric ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Rada Djurovic-Pejcev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of several isolates of actinomycetes in vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled the recommended rates (1X), while the other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) and fifty-fold (50X). Samples were collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with the two highest concentrations of herbicides (10X and 50X) caused a significant inhibition of the number of actinomycetes in soil and growth of the isolates in vitro. The obtained data indicated that the effect depended on the type of herbicide, application rate, duration of activity and actinomycetes isolate. The study suggests that herbicide applications in soil caused transient effects on the growth and development on actinomycetes community in soil.

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