scholarly journals The impact of various cations on the sorption of manganese in the thallus of freshwater algae spirogyra sp. and sea algae palmaria palmata

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Rajfur ◽  
Małgorzata Anna Jóźwiak ◽  
Andrzej Kłos
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Palmaria Palmata ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Due to their occurrence in very different conditions and high resistance to physical and chemical factors, algae are pioneers colonising new environments and their sorption properties are used in biomonitoring and water remediation. The efficiency of the process of heavy metal sorption in algae used for in situ tests depends on abiotic factors, such as the chemical composition of water. Freshwater algae Spirogyra sp. were used in tests. Algae were exposed in the laboratory in manganese chloride solutions with various contents of other cations, including heavy metals and macronutrients. It has been shown that some heavy metals may desorb manganese bound to the surface of algae as a result of ion exchange in the following sequence: Cd2+ < Mn2+ ≈ Zn2+ < Cu2+. It has been also found that the competitiveness of sorption of cations naturally present in the alga environment versus Mn2+ cations changes in the sequence Na+ < Ca2+ < H+, defined for the concentrations referring to the cation unit charge. The results of tests were compared to the results of dried sea algae Palmaria palmata analyses.

scholarly journals Influence of Biological Factors on the Strength of Static Rope Used by Firefighters in Rescue Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Michał Cecelski ◽  
Robert Piec ◽  
Barbara Szykuła-Piec
Keyword(s):  
Biological Agents ◽  
The State ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Impact

After conducting a document review, the authors found no reports concerning the influence of biological factors, such as blood, mould, and dirt, on the durability of rescue ropes. This study aims to answer the question of whether and how selected biological factors affect static rope 10.5, which is frequently used by firefighters for rescues. In the first stage of the research, focus studies were conducted among fifteen members of the Specialist High-Rescue Group in Plock (Poland), which aimed to determine the state of knowledge about the impact of biological factors on the strength of rope. The results indicated that the group had knowledge as to the impact of physical and chemical factors on the rope; however, a lack of information on the impact of biological factors was identified. In the second stage, the force necessary to break static rope contaminated with selected biological agents was measured. To achieve this, a 100-m section of a new rope was divided into 63 sections, which were then exposed to impurities. The first endurance measurement was taken after 9 months and the second after 12 months. Findings: contamination with biological agents has an impact on static rope strength, and knowledge about this impact is negligible and not included in any rope-use instructions.

scholarly journals Research into ecological status and the degree of heavy metal concentration in the waters of the Drenica river (Kosovo)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
M Sadiku ◽  
S Kadriu ◽  
M Kelmendi ◽  
D Ibishi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Lignite Mining ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. To reflect the impact of discharge waters from the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining on the pollution of the Drenica River with heavy metals. According to our estimation, the effect of mining on the river pollution is undeniable. Methodology. The standard methods ISO 5667-6, ISO 5667-11, and ISO 5667-1.3 were used to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the Drenica River surface water. The EPA-3015A method was applied for sample preparation, while the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Standard ISO methods were applied for determining the following parameters: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NNH4, NO3-, TN, PO4P, and TP. Findings. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the river Drenica have exceeded the allowed values as a result of industrial activities. Originality. The paper supplies new additional information on the ecological status of the Drenica River, based on samples taken along the river, especially where the greatest impact of the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining could be. The problematic of this research is quite contemporary; river pollution affects the life chain. Practical value. We believe that the content and problems in the focus of the research are topical and present significant interest to all those who deal with environmental issues.

scholarly journals Mining Activities and the Chemical Composition of R. Modonkul, Transbaikalia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 979
Author(s):  
Zinaida Ivanovna Khazheeva ◽  
Aleksey Maksimovich Plyusnin ◽  
Olga Konstantinovna Smirnova ◽  
Elena Georgievna Peryazeva ◽  
Dashima Ivanovna Zhambalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The Dzhidinsky orefield is located in the Zakamensky district of Buryatia. It is characterized by a high concentration of mineralization in a small area. The ores of the Dzhidinsky economic deposits are complex. This ore field includes Pervomaiskoye Mo, Kholtosonskoe W, and Inkurskoe W deposits. The catchment basin of the river Modonkul is located in the Dzhidinsky orefield. Mineral resource industry waste is a real threat to the city Zakamensk. Currently, the waste of deposits is located at the floodplain terrace and the watershed of the river Modonkul. In this work, the impact of the drainage mine and tributary Inkur on the formation chemical composition of the river Modonkul is studied. The 80 samples of water and suspended matter were taken from a surface of 0–0.5 m on seven sites. Physical and chemical parameters were measured at the sampling sites, and chemical composition was analyzed in the laboratory. In the natural background of the river, the major cations are, in decreasing order, Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ + K+, and major anions are, also in decreasing order, HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−. Along the river, the chemical type of water changes from bicarbonate to sulfate across the sulfate-bicarbonate or bicarbonate-sulfate class and from calcium-magnesium across sodium-calcium-magnesium reverse calcium-magnesium group. Total dissolved solids (TDS) increase by a factor of 4.0–4.7 between the upper and mouth of the river. The dissolved and suspended loads were studied in the mixing zone of acid mine and river water. The different hydrochemistry characteristics may result from Fe, Al, and Mn hydroxide precipitation. The pH values and dissolved oxygen cycles could change the uptake of heavy metals on suspended iron and manganese oxides, and the mechanism of removing it in water. River particulates have the potential of regulating heavy metal inputs to aquatic systems from pollution. The ore elements or the heavy metals are removed from the water in two ways: by the runoff of Modonkul and the sedimentation of suspended material at the bottom. The inflow of mine water into the Modonkul river leads to the rare earth elements (REEs) composition with negative cerium and positive europium anomalies.

scholarly journals Algae - Heavy Metals Biosorbent / Glony - Biosorbent Metali Ciężkich

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Rajfur
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Solution System ◽  
Sorption Equilibrium ◽  
Natural Sorbents

Abstract The publication is a synthetic collection of information on the sorption properties of marine and freshwater algae. Kinetics and sorption equilibrium of heavy metals in algae-solution system, influence of abiotic factors on the process of sorption and desorption of analytes from biomass are discussed. In paper the results of laboratory tests conducted using different species and types of algae, which purpose was to assess their usefulness as natural sorbents, are described. The conclusions drawn from current research confirm the results from literature.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Dan Distribusi Makroinvertebrata Di Perairan Hulu Tukad Cangkir Dan Tukad Pakerisan Kabupaten Gianyar

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
I Gede Agus Isha Purusa ◽  
I Wayan Arthana ◽  
I Wayan Darya Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
River Sample ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Cangkir and Pakerisan are two rivers which are located in Gianyar-Bali Regency, each with a length of 23 km (54.58 km2 of watershed area) and 34.5 km (58.33 km2 of watershed area). These two rivers empties into Lebih Beach that each has a species diversity and abiotic factors. At the upstream of the rivers were occupied by tourism activities that can affect the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the diversity and distribution of macroinvertebrates in the two rivers. Sampling stations were situated at upstream area with 5 stations and 3 replications (15 points) on each river. Sample identification was carried out at the Laboratory of Water Resources Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Udayana University. It was found four species, namely Littorina carinifera, Melanoides torulosa, Parathelphusa convexa, and Bellamya javanica. At upstream of Cangkir and Pakerisan rivers had species of random category distribution pattern with the Morisita Distribution Index value that equal to one. Physical and chemical factors had a major influence on the ecological conditions of the two rivers. The environmental conditions that consisting of substrate type, several physical and chemical parameters were unable to support the life of various biota species found in these aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Aquatic Plants as Bioremediators in Pollution Abatement of Heavy Metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaltharackal Vikraman Meera ◽  
Manorama Thampatti KC ◽  
Jacob John ◽  
Bhadra Sudha ◽  
Abdulmajeed Sajeena
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Specific Affinity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Over use of chemical inputs and exploitation of natural resources have degraded our ecosystem to a large extent. Our water bodies are drastically affected, especially due to the impact of heavy metal loading. The biomagnification that results from these difficult to degrade metals is naturally affecting the human health. The physical and chemical methods commonly employed for water purification are not only highly expensive but also further aggravate the pollution problem. Hence, all efforts must be taken to exploit the emerging green technology approach in pollution remediation. Several aquatic plants have specific affinity towards heavy metals and they flourish well in this contaminated environment. The common mechanisms of phytoremediation and varied type of aquatic plants with high remediation potential are reviewed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Monitoring coastal pollution associated with the largest oil refinery complex of Venezuela

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Croquer ◽  
David Bone ◽  
Carolina Bastidas ◽  
Ruth Ramos ◽  
Elia García
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated pollution levels in water and sediments of Península de Paraguaná and related these levels with benthic macrofauna along a coastal area where the largest Venezuelan oil refineries have operated over the past 60 years. For this, the concentration of heavy metals, of hydrocarbon compounds and the community structure of the macrobenthos were examined at 20 sites distributed along 40 km of coastline for six consecutive years, which included windy and calm seasons. The spatial variability of organic and inorganic compounds showed considerably high coastal pollution along the study area, across both years and seasons. The southern sites, closest to the refineries, had consistently higher concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in water and sediments when compared to those in the north. The benthic community was dominated by polychaetes at all sites, seasons and years, and their abundance and distribution were significantly correlated with physical and chemical characteristics of the sediments. Sites close to the oil refineries were consistently dominated by families known to tolerate xenobiotics, such as Capitellidae and Spionidae. The results from this study highlight the importance of continuing long-term environmental monitoring programs to assess the impact of effluent discharge and spill events from the oil refineries that operate in the western coast of Paraguaná, Venezuela.

The Effect of Leachant pH on the Level of Heavy Metals Release from Industrial Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mizerna ◽  
Anna Król
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Lead Smelter ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Inert Environment ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The degree of heavy metals leaching from soils, sediments and waste depends on a number of physical and chemical factors. One of the key parameters governing the leaching process is the pH of the environment in which the waste is located. Laboratory studies aims to reflect the conditions prevailing in the environment, for example on landfill sites. The results of leaching of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr) based on the pH of the eluent were presented in this article. The research material was a metallurgical slag from zinc and lead smelter at the department of refined lead. By the use of HNO3and NaOH, the deionized water was adjusted to an appropriate pH value of 3; 5; 10.5 and 12, and then, waste samples with grain size of <1 mm, <2.8 mm and <4 mm were submerged in the eluent. Leaching of heavy metals from waste was also examined in deionized water at pH level of 7.4. The study was performed according to the standard PN-EN 12457-2:2006 [13]. The effect of the liquid pH value on the leaching of heavy metals was presented. The lowest concentration of majority of the metals was determined in the inert environment, and high rate was at the pH value of 3 and 10.5. Chromium was the exception, its concentrations in each fraction of the test waste were the lowest at the pH level of 3, and the highest at the pH value equal to 12.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SERANGGA DAN FAKTOR ABIOTIK PERUSAK NASKAH KUNO SEBAGAI UPAYA PELESTARIAN BUDAYA PALEMBANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Irham Falahudin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Ancient Manuscript ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The manuscript is one of the relics of the past owned by the people of Indonesia. The manuscript stored a number of past information that shows the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, customs, and values that apply to past societies. Manuscripts are available in various regions in Indonesia, one of them in Palembang. Malay manuscripts are texts written in Malay which are generally Arabic-Malay (Jawi). The existence of this ancient manuscript located in vulnerable society will be damaged . The importance of biological knowledge to this text makes provision for society and government in an effort to keep the extinct. Objectives of the research are to know the form and type of destruction of manuscripts, factors causing damage, to identify the types of biota and insects that destroyed and also how to cope with the presence of insects and biota in Malay manuscript storage. The research with a descriptive quantitative approach. The sampling of insects and biota by hand collecting method. Identified insect use to morphometric technique. The results are found 11 species of insects from 5 orders and 6 families. Cause damage to manuscripts in Palembang include as physical and  chemical factors. Processes causing the destruction of manuscripts include biological factors   Keyword: Identification Insect and  abiotic factors, Manuscript Malay in Palembang

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF PHENOL AND DIATOMIC PHENOLS IN SURFACE WATER UNDER THE IMPACT OF NATURAL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1206-1211
Author(s):  
Larisa P. Nekrasova ◽  
A. G. Malysheva ◽  
E. G. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Sequential Reaction ◽  
Physicochemical Factors ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

Introduction. Phenol, as well as diatomic phenols, are among the most common and priority organic pollutants of the environment. Getting into the water with sewage in real conditions of pollution, under the influence of natural physicochemical factors, phenols, as highly reactive compounds, undergo a transformation, as a result of which new, sometimes more toxic compounds may be formed. Purpose of the study is to investigate the transformation processes under the impact of the natural physicochemical factors of phenol, hydroquinone, pyrocatechin, and resorcinol in surface water. Material and methods. The processes of transformation of phenol and diatomic phenols were studied by the methods of spectrophotometry and luminescence spectroscopy. Absorption spectra were recorded with a UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan), and fluorescence spectra were recorded on a CM2203 spectrofluorometer (Solar CJSC, Belarus). The degradation of phenols to CO2 and H2O (mineralization) at room temperature in natural samples was determined using a TOC-VCHP total carbon analyzer (Shimadzu, Japan). Results. The decrease in phenol concentration in river water was subject to linear dependence. The transformation kinetics of resorcinol corresponded to a sequential reaction. The processes of transformation of hydroquinone and pyrocatechin were dominated by chemical oxidation processes. Hydroquinone completely transformed within 24 hours. The degree of conversion of pyrocatechol 87.5% was achieved in 3 days and did not change during the month. During the month, the mineralization of phenol amounted to 90%, hydroquinone, and pyrocatechol - 55% and 45%, respectively. The complete transformation of resorcinol occurred in 7 days. A compound having a bright fluorescence and constituting a product of resorcinol polycondensation, whose concentration increased during the whole experiment, was formed. The degree of mineralization of resorcinol was 93%. Conclusion. The transformation of phenol, hydroquinone, pyrocatechin, and resorcinol in the surface water is caused by the processes of natural chemical and biochemical oxidation and depends on the chemical composition and concentration of presented impurities.

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