scholarly journals Prediction of the EDT Trends – National and Supranational Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Mladen Viher ◽  
Marijan Paljević ◽  
Dalibor Gernhardt

Abstract Defence capabilities have always been heavily dependent on technological capabilities. This dependence is significantly emphasized nowadays due to the very rapid advancement of science and technology relevant to defence, and especially due to the emergence of disruptive technologies. However, emerging and disruptive technologies are well known throughout human history (fire, wheel, metals, gunpowder, external and internal combustion engines, etc.). Today, the cycle of emergence, application and response to the EDT is much faster, due to globalisation and maturation of information technologies. Smaller countries, because of their modest industrial and technological base at the national level, have problems to follow the emerging and disruptive technologies. In modern civilization, the military is losing its traditional centuries-old role as a privileged customer for purchasing new, technologically advanced products and must face competition in the open market. In this case, defence must be actively involved in monitoring and predicting technological trends, with an emphasis on disruptive technologies. Countries, especially those with strong armed forces and a long military tradition, have been doing this for a long time, but supranational activities (NATO and the EU) are relatively recent. These supranational activities are an important complement to national efforts and it is recommended that they should not be neglected by smaller NATO and EU member states.

Author(s):  
S. Motyka

The image of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is a complex and multifaceted socio-psychological and political phenomenon. A professionallycreated image functions as the most adequate informational object, creating public affection and recognition assuring the adequate perception of the Armed Forces as the power institution of the state. Thus, there's a relevant national challenge to form the positive image of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and the numerous and versatile definitions of the term "image", the existence of a great number of approaches aimed at interpreting this definition, prove the multilateral aspects, the multidimensional categories and the significant scientific interest to this particular challenge.The Armed Forces of Ukraine is one of the most important elements of the political system of both state and society. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the Armed Forces of Ukraine", the purpose of their existence is the protection of national interests, territorial integrity and inviolability of state borders. Considering the current state of development of the Ukrainian society, the state and its Armed Forces which is determined by the permanent increase of importance of the spiritual component, the issues of patriotic education and forming the image of the Armed Forces, are becoming the top state priority.The realities of modern life determine the objective necessity to develop a clear concept and the generic PR-strategy of the informativecommunication policy of the Armed Forces at a national level, with the aim to establish their positive image, based on the scientific approach and prominent world experience, yet taking into account the modern Ukrainian realities.The international experience has a variety of examples when the implementation of image technologies happens to play a significant role in solving a number of internal state developing tasks, namely: harmonizing the military-civil relations; increasing the level of the military-patriotic education and the general awareness of society in terms of task and activity of the Armed Forces, establishing firmness and sustainability of the moral-psychological state of the subordinated personnel, reinforcing military discipline etc.The information on the Armed Forces of Ukraine is to reflect the actual state of affairs. It is the irrelavance and the disproportion of theinformational material about the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the realities of life that has promoted the lack of trust in the course of the years of Independence, not only to the military command in particular, but to the state authorities as a whole.The article presents an analysis of the relevance of forming the image of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.


Author(s):  
L. Gorodianska

The military-pedagogical process is a complex socio-psychological phenomenon. Its essence lies in purposeful, motivated, substantive organizational and educational activities of all its subjects. This activity is aimed at preparing the military specialists who are able to successfully perform their functional duties both in peacetime and in modern war conditions. The strength of the country's defense capability and combat readiness in modern conditions is ensured by a high level of intellectual potential of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This potential is being formed as a set of potentials of highly qualified personnel of military specialists. Today the task of reforming military education is not limited only to structural and functional transformations of the educational base and restructuring of the educational process. It is necessary to create an environment (a system of higher military education) for constant spiritual and professional improvement of the individual and motivation to achieve a high level of military professionalism. Access of educational institutions to modern information technologies contributed to the emergence of interactive forms of learning and transformation of the subject of learning from a passive participant and its active involvement in the learning process. Given the development of digital technologies and the difficult state in which Ukraine found itself due to military action and the negative epidemiological situation, it is appropriate to create a system of higher military education using the subject-activity approach and the introduction of forms of distance learning. It is proposed to direct the military-pedagogical training of specialists along six lines. The assessment of the level of conformity of a serviceman's actual professional qualities with the requirements to the occupied military position is important in the professional-psychological selection in the Armed Forces. That is why it is expedient to develop a model of recreation of intellectual potential of servicemen and a methodology for evaluating the general level of intellectual resources of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In the basis of construction of such model it is offered to put directions of military-pedagogical training of military specialists together with professionally important criteria of evaluation of recreating of moral-psychological qualities of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.


Author(s):  
LILIANA BROŽIČ

Reading the title of this editorial, many might think that Contemporary Military Challenges have not been published for so many years, and that before there was another publication, entitled Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces. In a way, this is, of course, true. Nevertheless, this year indeed marks 20 years since the General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces began to publish its own publication, at the time called the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces. Its purpose was to inform the internal and external public about the novelties in the fields of security, defence and the military or better armed forces. Normally, in NATO and EU member states, professional and scientific defence-related works are published by ministries of defence, or research institutes within the ministries, which issue publications on defence-strategy related topics. General Staffs, however, publish their own publications, which are typically intended for military professionals. Educational organizational units usually issue publications intended for the publication of graduation thesis of students at various levels of military education, while military museums or related units are responsible for the development of topics relating to military history. Following this concept, the publication Vojstvo (Armed Forces) was published between 1996 and 2000 by the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Slovenia. The General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces first published the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces in 1999. The date written in the first issue is September 1999; however, according to the co-workers who contributed to this success, the first issue was in fact printed in November 1999. In addition to the Contemporary Military Challenges, two other periodicals are being published in the Slovenian Armed Forces, namely, Vojaškošolski zbornik (Military Schools Bulletin), issued by the Military Schools Centre, and Vojaška zgodovina (Military History) issued by the Military Museum, which also forms a part of the Military School Centre. The gap, which occurred after Vojstvo was no longer published, was gradually filled by the Bulletin of the Slovenian Armed Forces, later the Modern Military Challenges, which publishes scientific and professional articles by Slovenian and foreign authors. The name of the publication was changed upon the advice of Editorial Board members on the grounds that the name “bulletin” did not reflect the contents or the subject field of the publication. In the dictionary of standard Slovene, the Slovene equivalent for “bulletin” is defined as a short official message to the public, a note, an informative periodical or newsletter. Consequently, the editorial board undertook the demanding task of finding a new name for the publication and found the name Contemporary Military Challenges. Much work and effort have been invested in the production of a military publication. The majority of those who contributed to this effort were engaged primarily on their own initiative, in private time. Writing articles according to international standards requires order, effort and discipline. Many gave up before they even started to write and, the authors who did write articles for this military publication, in most cases, departed from the average further down their careers. The authors were numerous. Sixty people have been members of the editorial board between the beginning of the publication and the end of 2018. Since 2008, when peer review was introduced, 279 authors have contributed their articles, many of them repeatedly. The one especially standing out is a Slovenian Armed Forces Major who has written 10 articles. The list of all referees includes 103 names. The referee who has contributed the largest number of reviews is a Brigadier General with 54 reviews. There are also 18 referees who have contributed more than ten reviews. The long years of effort have been fruitful and resulted in a fact that, in 2010, the Slovenian Armed Forces publication was indexed in the PAIS International database within Proquest. Consequently, it was included in the list of the journals of the Slovenian Research Agency. For the publication of articles in the Contemporary Military Challenges, the authors are therefore granted 30 academic points. Year No of articles Scientific articles Professional articles Editorial 2017 24 21 (87.5%) 3 (12.5%) 5 2016 25 18 (72%) 7 (28%) 5 2015 21 10 (48%) 11 (52%) 4 2014 25 16 (64%) 9 (36%) 4 2013 24 12 (50%) 12 (50%) 10 2012 26 11 (44%) 14 (56%) 4 2011 31 17 (54%) 14 (45%) 4 2010 45 17 (37%) 28 (62%) 4 2009 42 18 (43%) 24 (57%) 7 There is no need to worry about the quality of the contents in the future, since the editorial board and the editorial council provide a wide range of authors from various fields, institutions and countries. On the 20th anniversary of the publication, appreciation goes to every single person who has contributed to the fact that, even when everything did not run smoothly, the publication kept going and was regularly published. There have been and still are individuals who have contributed more, better and with more motivation, but everyone deserves credit for the success of the publication. In this last issue of the jubilee year, the authors devoted themselves to very topical subjects.


Author(s):  
LILIANA BROŽIČ

Povzetek Slovenska vojska pomaga Policiji pri varovanju zunanje schengenske meje od evropske migrantske krize leta 2015. Čeprav krize ni več, število ilegalnih migracij leta 2020 ne pojenja. Slovenska vojska še intenzivneje podpira Policijo pri preprečevanju ilegalnih prehodov meje tudi na notranji evropski meji z Italijo. Vojska pomaga pri preprečevanju ilegalnih migracij tudi v drugih državah članicah EU. V prispevku poskušamo ugotoviti, katero vlogo imajo oborožene sile pri preprečevanju ilegalnih migracij, ali je njihova uporaba na mejah pri preprečevanju ilegalnih migracij pravi odgovor na nacionalni in evropski ravni ter kako to vpliva na opravljanje njenih temeljnih nalog. Ključne besede EU, ilegalne migracije, oborožene sile, Slovenska vojska, Policija. Abstract The Slovenian Armed Forces have been assisting the police in protecting the Schengen external border since the European migrant crisis of 2015. Despite the fact that the crisis is over, the number of illegal migrations in 2020 is not decreasing, and the Slovenian Armed Forces is supporting the police even more intensively at the internal European border with Italy. The military also helps to prevent illegal migration flow in other EU Member States. In this paper, we try to analyze the role of the armed forces in the prevention of illegal migration, and determine whether their use at the borders in the prevention of illegal migration is the right answer both at the national and the European levels, and what effects it has on the SAF's ability to do its primary job. Key words EU, illegal migration, military, Slovenian Armed Forces, Police.


Author(s):  
Maria Selina

In the article described research about appearance and the development of a special information operation which has become an integral part of the current military-political confrontation. The author defined, that skilled and timely conducted information operations gives an opportunity to gain significant advantages over the enemy, in particular, through the implementation of moral and psychological impact on the population including the armed forces of the enemy and as well as on leaderships of countries. To confirm it, in the article presented examples of the results of conducted special information operations and its individual elements in different periods of human history. The article presents, that special information operations is not invention of the present, they appeared in ancient times simultaneously with emergence of armed confrontation, as an integral part of the armed struggle in the form of psychological way for weakening the enemy’s combat spirit and raising the fighting spirit of it’s own forces. The author highlights the information about the first facts of use informational and psychological influence such as: misinformation, propaganda, intimidation, which are elements of a special information operation. Their further transformation relates to the development of science and technology and the improvement of information technologies. Aa a result there are four form stages of the development of informational and psychological influence: verbal, telecommunication, technical and paper. The article states that the appearance of the internet and the information influence on a wide audience around the world that makes special information operation one of the most effective means of achieving external and internal political goals both in military and in peacetime as evidenced by the experience of their realization. At the present stage, special information operations have become a part of a new type of war, the so-called “Hybrid war” and provides significant impact on the military and political confrontation between the opponents countries.


2019 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Sergiy Zaporozhets

The article is devoted to the study of the state of information security of Ukraine in the military sphere in the context of hybrid warfare, analysis of the role and place of information security of the state and the military sphere in conditions of hybrid warfare. The list of the main threats to the information security of the state in the military sphere is established. The recommendations for neutralization of hybrid threats and the organization of counteraction in solving the hybrid war against Ukraine are given: conducting a systematic analysis of the use of the means, forms and methods of information fighting in the military sphere, determining the directions of ensuring information security of the state in this sphere; improvement of legislation on coordination of activities of public authorities and bodies of military administration in solving problems of providing information security; improving the types and means of protection of information in the information and telecommunication networks involved in the management of troops and weapons from unauthorized access; improving the forms and methods of counteracting information and psychological operations aimed at weakening the state’s defense capability; training of specialists in the field of information security in the military sphere. Establishment of the system of providing information security of the state in the military sphere in the conditions of hybrid war should be carried out in accordance with the following basic principles: high degree of integration of the information system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine into the information security system of the state; the preventive-defensive nature of the activities of information-fighting structures aimed at counteracting the challenges, dangers and threats to the national security of the state in the military sphere in any form of their manifestation; a clear division of information security responsibilities between the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukrain. It is revealed that one of the main tendencies in the development of the military-political situation in the world is the acceleration of the development of information technologies, increasing the capabilities of states to conduct information-psychological operations and operations in cyberspace, increasing the sensitivity of society to the death of civilians and the loss of military personnel in military configurations.


Author(s):  
V.I. Zatserkovny ◽  
I.V. Pampukha ◽  
B.O. Popkov ◽  
P.A. Savkov ◽  
O.V. Pogretska

A characteristic feature of modern forms of use of the Armed Forces (AF) is the high dynamism of combat operations, and the main trend in the development of AF command and control systems (CCS) is the integration of various systems of communication, navigation, reconnaissance, information acquisition and processing, weapons, intelligent systems, automation of all formal and fast-moving processes. Geo-information systems (GIS), geo-information technologies (GIT), GPS and Earth remote sensing (ERS) technologies have become de facto a necessary technology for obtaining and processing spatial data in both civil and military spheres. The use of GIS for military purposes (MP) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine will make it possible to conduct a qualitative analysis of spatial and attributive information, take effective management decisions, visualize the combat zone of both individual units and subunits, and the entire theater of operations, promptly display any changes in the combat situation, automate the process of updating maps, determining the coordinates of the desired objects, navigation, etc. It allows you to reduce the likelihood of errors and flaws, increase the speed of creating maps, speed up the processing of information and significantly improve the quality of decision-making by commanders of different levels and echelons who are involved in the process of making certain decisions, and ensure the same initial picture of fighting activities; support of knowledge of the military-object situation at the tactical, operational-tactical and operational levels; to ensure prompt delivery of information to interested authorized users.


2019 ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Sergiy Zaporozhets

The article is devoted to the study of the state of information security of Ukraine in the military sphere in the context of hybrid warfare, analysis of the role and place of information security of the state and the military sphere in conditions of hybrid warfare. The list of the main threats to the information security of the state in the military sphere is established. The recommendations for neutralization of hybrid threats and the organization of counteraction in solving the hybrid war against Ukraine are given: conducting a systematic analysis of the use of the means, forms and methods of information fighting in the military sphere, determining the directions of ensuring information security of the state in this sphere; improvement of legislation on coordination of activities of public authorities and bodies of military administration in solving problems of providing information security; improving the types and means of protection of information in the information and telecommunication networks involved in the management of troops and weapons from unauthorized access; improving the forms and methods of counteracting information and psychological operations aimed at weakening the state’s defense capability; training of specialists in the field of information security in the military sphere. Establishment of the system of providing information security of the state in the military sphere in the conditions of hybrid war should be carried out in accordance with the following basic principles: high degree of integration of the information system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine into the information security system of the state; the preventive-defensive nature of the activities of information-fighting structures aimed at counteracting the challenges, dangers and threats to the national security of the state in the military sphere in any form of their manifestation; a clear division of information security responsibilities between the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukrain. It is revealed that one of the main tendencies in the development of the military-political situation in the world is the acceleration of the development of information technologies, increasing the capabilities of states to conduct information-psychological operations and operations in cyberspace, increasing the sensitivity of society to the death of civilians and the loss of military personnel in military configurations.


2020 ◽  
pp. 170-202
Author(s):  
Philipp Trunov ◽  

The key basis of German foreign policy is positioning itself as an integral part of Euro-Atlantic community. At the beginning of the 2020-s Germany faces a growing number of obstacles at the national (internal policy), regional but also global levels on the path to become the supreme world power. That is why the more active and full-scale participation of the European NATO and EU member states in joint strengthening of defense capabilities is coming to the fore. The goal of the article is to explore the dynamics and intermediate results of German efforts in this field. Attention is paid not only to general, but also to sugregional and bilateral links of German cooperation with partners in military sphere. The article highlights the features of German participation in the launching and development of potential of Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) platform. The paper notes that the number of functional PESCO projects with German participation is more than technical-technological ones. The author faces the fact that the number of new projects initiated by or with the participation of Germany since 2019 has become less than in 2017–2018 but at the same time the general tendency of their development is different. Outside PESCO Berlin pays permanent attention to the strengthening of defense capabilities on bilateral and trilateral bases. The cases of Norway and PESCO demonstrate that Germany is interested in the creation of common military-logistic hubs network in Europe and the growing of armed forces` mobility. This is important for Germany, because its armed forces have been reduced since 1990-s until the 2010-s. The prospects of Berlin`s cooperation with Scandinavian states and Germanspeaking Austria and Switzerland in the military field are also highlighted in the article.


We will conclude the year 2017 by dealing with the security forces of the future. The future is difficult to predict, guess or anticipate, however, some individuals, institutions and corporations are investing efforts in this. Yuval Noah Harari published a book on future, titled Homo Deus - A Brief History of Tomorrow. In this book, he foresees that in the future, we will primarily fight against death. This should be the main guideline for the development of future generations. The fundamental guideline for the development in the field of security forces is not exactly a topic to fill the headlines of daily newspapers, let alone is this a topic that would make bestsellers on publishers’ book shelves. It is, however, a topic that has been forever present in the fields dealing with the provision of security. Consequently, in December, Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) was established within the framework of the European Union with the aim to contribute to better cooperation of EU Member States in training, capacity development and operational readiness within the framework of defence. This was a reaction to the security situation in Europe, taking into account our immediate and remote neighbourhoods, which has been discussed by many authors in the previous issues of Contemporary Military Challenges. It may be too early to determine the role of Slovenia in PESCO. Nevertheless, it is imperative that we commit ourselves to this topic seriously and responsibly. Not only to this topic, however. We must seriously begin to discuss Slovenia's security future. Few years ago, we were surprised by the floods; in 2014 we were surprised by glaze ice and in 2015, by the European migrant crisis. What have we learned from these experiences? How many panels and other discussions have been organised on these topics, how many proceedings have been published, how many articles have been written? How many changes have we made in the national security system and how well prepared are we for new challenges? When we were preparing to join the European Union and NATO, we organized ourselves systematically, prepared a media campaign, and enjoyed the political support and substantial public support to achieve the goal. What has happened in this country that we no longer devote a pragmatic level of attention to personal and collective security? A lot has happened. Much has been written and said about this, but still... The fact is that our opinions, views and ideas in the field of security and defence differ, which is alright. In the Editorial Committee of Contemporary Military Challenges, we decided to dedicate this issue to security forces of the future with an emphasis on Slovenia. Taking into account the geographical location of Slovenia, Viktor Potočnik focused on the Anti-armour combat in the Slovenian Armed Forces, providing an answer to the question of what and how much equipment Slovenia needs in this field in order to functionally provide for its security. In his article entitled Contributions to the analysis of challenges, future development and scope of armed forces in Slovenia, Alojz Šteiner writes that although Slovenia is in the midst of the processes concerning design, programming and normative regulation of the defence and military system, he believes that a re-analysis or an interim analysis is necessary. He draws attention to the need for a reflection on open issues and adds his opinion on what these challenges are. In his article Military strategic reserve and the transformation of modern armed forces Vinko Vegič discusses the need for a thorough assessment of the military concept of the military strategic reserve. According to the author, the concept of a military strategic reserve is not consistent with the transformation of modern armed forces, its feasibility, and the wider social concept. Miha Šlebir responded to the articles by Kotnik, Potočnik and Žurga published in the last issue of 2016. In his article entitled Guns vs. butter? Comparative analysis of Slovenia’s defence expenditure explains the trend of financing and allocation according to areas within the armed forces of EU member states and what this can mean for Slovenia and its armed forces. Roman Faganel and Dragomir Čevriz indirectly reacted to the article by Tom Young published in the last issue of 2016. Analytical approach to resource planning and decision making in the defence system is the title of an article that brings theoretical starting points with a quantitative analysis of the case. Reliability of individuals in the operation of a modern state critical infrastructure is the article by Brane Bertoncelj, who presents the framework of the model of influence an individual's reliability has on the functioning of the critical infrastructure of a modern state. It notes that the reliability of an individual in unusual circumstances is most dependent on the level of their motivation, competence and affiliation to the organization. We expect to incur interest for a debate on the subject of security forces of the future, which includes numerous topics and at the same time motivate some of you to write articles on topical issues in the field of security, defence and warfare to be published in 2018 editions of Contemporary military challenges.


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