scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA AIR DI WATERLINE (SALURAN AIR) DENTAL UNIT RUMAH SAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Harfindo Nismal ◽  
Nur Indrawati Lipoeto ◽  
Siti Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler

Kontrol infeksi adalah suatu upaya pencegahan penyebaran mikroorganisme, baik dari pasien ke pasien lainnya, pasien ke operator, operator ke pasien, operator ke lingkungan dan lingkungan ke pasien. Kontrol infeksi yang efektif adalah salah satu indikator penting menunjukkan tercapainya pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung jumlah koloni dan mengidentifikasi bakteri pada air yang melewati Dental Unit Waterline (DUWL) di dental unit Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM) Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menampung air dari high-speed handpiece, water syringe dan ultrasonic scaler. Berdasarkan rumus penelitian Federer (2007) diperoleh sebanyak 9 sampel dalam satu kelompok alat. Sehingga sampel seluruhnya berjumlah 27. Pengambilan sampel didapat menggunakan metode acak sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 22 sampel air terkontaminasi oleh bakteri, 4 diantaranya tidak sesuai dengan standar ADA. Kontaminasi bakteri kokus Gram positif sebanyak 8 sampel dan basil Gram negatif sebanyak 16 sampel. Bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae ditemukan pada 2 sampel air yang melalui water syringe. Jadi, dental unit waterline (saluran air) pada dental unit berpotensi sebagai sumber mikroorganisme. Kata Kunci: infeksi, bakteri, waterline, handpiece, syringe

scholarly journals High Speed Imaging of Cavitation around Dental Ultrasonic Scaler Tips

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0149804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Vyas ◽  
Emilia Pecheva ◽  
Hamid Dehghani ◽  
Rachel L. Sammons ◽  
Qianxi X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler

scholarly journals Aerosol generation and control in the dental operatory: An in vitro spectrometric study of typical clinical setups

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246543
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Kun-Szabó ◽  
Dorottya Gheorghita ◽  
Tibor Ajtai ◽  
Szabolcs Hodovány ◽  
Zoltán Bozóki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Aerosol Generation

Dental turbines and scalers, used every day in dental operatories, feature built-in water spray that generates considerable amounts of water aerosol. The problem is that it is not exactly known how much. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, several aerosol safety recommendations have been issued—based on little empirical evidence, as almost no data are available on the exact aerosol concentrations generated during dental treatment. Similarly, little is known about the differences in the efficacy of different commercially available aerosol control systems to reduce in-treatment aerosol load. In this in vitro study, we used spectrometry to explore these questions. The time-dependent effect of conventional airing on aerosol concentrations was also studied. Everyday patient treatment situations were modeled. The test setups were defined by the applied instrument and its spray direction (high-speed turbine with direct/indirect airspray or ultrasonic scaler with indirect airspray) and the applied aerosol control system (the conventional high-volume evacuator or a lately introduced aerosol exhaustor). Two parameters were analyzed: total number concentration in the entire measurement range of the spectrometer and total number concentration within the 60 to 384 nm range. The results suggest that instrument type and spray direction significantly influence the resulting aerosol concentrations. Aerosol generation by the ultrasonic scaler is easily controlled. As for the high-speed turbine, the efficiency of control might depend on how exactly the instrument is used during a treatment. The results suggest that scenarios where the airspray is frequently directed toward the air of the operatory are the most difficult to control. The tested control systems did not differ in their efficiency, but the study could not provide conclusive results in this respect. With conventional airing through windows with a standard fan, a safety airing period of at least 15 minutes between treatments is recommended.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PADA AIR DI WATERLINE (SALURAN AIR) DENTAL UNIT RUMAH SAKIT GIGI DAN MULUT (RSGM) FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmah ◽  
Nur Indrawati Lipoeto ◽  
Harfindo Nismal
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Colony Counting ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Random Method ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Infection control was an effort to prevent the spread of microorganisms, both from patient to another, the patient to the operator, the operator to patients, operators and the environment to the environment to the patient. Effective infection control was one of the important indicators show the achievement of the implementation of oral health care was good. This study aimed to quantified the number of colonies and identified the bacteria in the water that pass through the Dental Unit Waterline (DUWL) in the dental unit Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry, Andalas University.  The research did with patch the water from a high-speed handpiece, water syringe and ultrasonic scaler. Based on the study formula Federer (2007) gained as much as 9 samples in one group of tools. Thus, the samples totaling 27. Samples were obtained using simple random method. Colony counting and identificated of  bacteria carried in Health Laboratory the West Sumatra Regional using blood Agra media.  The results showed that there were 22 samples of water contaminated by bacteria, 4 of which were not in accordance with ADA standards. Gram-positive cocci bacteria contamination as much as 8 samples and Gram-negative bacilli as many as 16 samples. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria found in two samples of water through the water syringe.  Thus, the dental unit waterline on the dental unit has potential as a source of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. Keywords:Control infection, bacterial contamination, dental unit waterline, high-speed handpiece, water syringe and ultrasonic scaler

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

The on-line use of histogram data for high-speed correction and alignment of electron microscope images

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
William Krakow
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
On Line ◽  
Correction Of Astigmatism ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In the past few years on-line digital television frame store devices coupled to computers have been employed to attempt to measure the microscope parameters of defocus and astigmatism. The ultimate goal of such tasks is to fully adjust the operating parameters of the microscope and obtain an optimum image for viewing in terms of its information content. The initial approach to this problem, for high resolution TEM imaging, was to obtain the power spectrum from the Fourier transform of an image, find the contrast transfer function oscillation maxima, and subsequently correct the image. This technique requires a fast computer, a direct memory access device and even an array processor to accomplish these tasks on limited size arrays in a few seconds per image. It is not clear that the power spectrum could be used for more than defocus correction since the correction of astigmatism is a formidable problem of pattern recognition.

Structural changes in silicon-on-insulator material during post-implantation annealing

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
C. O. Jung ◽  
S. J. Krause ◽  
S.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Oxide Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Radiation Hardened ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Very High

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures have excellent potential for future use in radiation hardened and high speed integrated circuits. For device fabrication in SOI material a high quality superficial Si layer above a buried oxide layer is required. Recently, Celler et al. reported that post-implantation annealing of oxygen implanted SOI at very high temperatures would eliminate virtually all defects and precipiates in the superficial Si layer. In this work we are reporting on the effect of three different post implantation annealing cycles on the structure of oxygen implanted SOI samples which were implanted under the same conditions.

An atomic-resolution microscope study of Al contracts on GaAs

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Z. Liliental-Weber ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
R. Ludeke ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
J. Washburn
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiconductor Interfaces ◽  
Deposited Metal ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Free Interfaces ◽  
Potential Use

The properties of metal/semiconductor interfaces have received considerable attention over the past few years, and the Al/GaAs system is of special interest because of its potential use in high-speed logic integrated optics, and microwave applications. For such materials a detailed knowledge of the geometric and electronic structure of the interface is fundamental to an understanding of the electrical properties of the contact. It is well known that the properties of Schottky contacts are established within a few atomic layers of the deposited metal. Therefore surface contamination can play a significant role. A method for fabricating contamination-free interfaces is absolutely necessary for reproducible properties, and molecularbeam epitaxy (MBE) offers such advantages for in-situ metal deposition under UHV conditions

Scanning x-ray fluorescence microscopy and principal component analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1752-1753
Author(s):  
Brian Cross
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fluorescence Microscope ◽  
Acquisition Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Speed Up

A relatively new entry, in the field of microscopy, is the Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence Microscope (SXRFM). Using this type of instrument (e.g. Kevex Omicron X-ray Microprobe), one can obtain multiple elemental x-ray images, from the analysis of materials which show heterogeneity. The SXRFM obtains images by collimating an x-ray beam (e.g. 100 μm diameter), and then scanning the sample with a high-speed x-y stage. To speed up the image acquisition, data is acquired "on-the-fly" by slew-scanning the stage along the x-axis, like a TV or SEM scan. To reduce the overhead from "fly-back," the images can be acquired by bi-directional scanning of the x-axis. This results in very little overhead with the re-positioning of the sample stage. The image acquisition rate is dominated by the x-ray acquisition rate. Therefore, the total x-ray image acquisition rate, using the SXRFM, is very comparable to an SEM. Although the x-ray spatial resolution of the SXRFM is worse than an SEM (say 100 vs. 2 μm), there are several other advantages.

Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
J. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

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