Effect of Nutmeg Flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) against Streptococcus mutans growth

Streptococcus mutans is an oral commensal. Its bacteria are involved in the dental caries pathogenesis. Nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is one of the native plants of Indonesia. Nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) contains antibacterial properties such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and essential oil. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract in the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth. The extract of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) was made using the maceration method with ethanol 96% as the solvent. The Diffusion methods to identify the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth. The concentration of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract used in this study were 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100. The one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there was the effect of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract on Streptococcus mutans growth with value p0.05, and then data was tested by Least Significant Difference (LSD). This study's conclusion showed an effect of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans growth. The concentration of nutmeg flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) extract, which has the greatest inhibition zone on the growth of Streptococcus mutans, is at a concentration of 100% is 33,53 mm

Download Full-text

Effect of Nutmeg Flesh (Myristica fragrans Houtt) against Streptococcus mutans growth

Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society ◽

10.24815/jds.v5i1.19682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Putri Rahmi Noviyandri ◽

NURHADISAH , ◽

Santi Chismirina

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Native Plants ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Myristica Fragrans ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Myristica Fragrans Houtt ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

Download Full-text

The Effect of Pregelatinized Taro Starch (Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott) Temperature as Filler on Thiamine Hidrochloride Tablet

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (22) ◽

pp. 3827-3832

Author(s):

Pramulani Mulya Lestari ◽

Ari Widayanti ◽

Hani Afifah

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Formula One ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Objective Research ◽

Modify Structure

BACKGROUND: Pregelatinizing is processed to modify structure of starch by heating a certain temperature. Increasing of temperature causes the starch to absorb water and swell quickly in order to obtain a larger particle size. Larger particle size will improve the flowability and compressibility of the granules. Pregelatinized taro starch is used as diluent tablets with wet granulation method. AIM: The objective research was to determine the effect of increasing pregelatinized taro starch temperature as diluent on compressibility and comprimability granule of thiamine hidrochloride compression. METHODS: Pregelatinized taro starch is made by heating the suspension of starch at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C for 10 minutes and then dried. Pregelatinized taro starch is used as a filler of Thiamine Hidrocloride tablets which made by wet granulation method. Test wereperformed for each formula such as quality tests of granules and tablets physical properties and assay. RESULT: Granule compressibility evaluation results show that the formula 1, 2, and 3 qualified with compressibility value is 7.9941 respectively; 6.9929; and 5.9950%. From the results of the one-way ANOVA analysis of the compressibility obtained sig. 0,000 less than 0.05, then there is a significant difference between formula one with the other formulas. CONCLUSION: It shows the difference in temperature affect the compressibility pregelatinized taro starch. The higher the temperature of pregelatinized taro starch, produces tablets with low compressibility.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Support for Parents in Raising Children with Dyslexia

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x20948925 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0192513X2094892

Author(s):

Athira Amira Abd Rauf ◽

Maizatul Akmar Ismail ◽

Vimala Balakrishnan ◽

Loh Sau Cheong ◽

Novia Indriaty Admodisastro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Government Support ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Raising Children ◽

The Social ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types ◽

One Way Anova

The parents of children with dyslexia often experience more parenting stress and depressive symptoms compared to other parents. Studies have shown that supporting and encouraging such parents help in reducing their frustrations, fear, anger, and low self-esteem towards their children. The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the different types of support needed by the parents of children with dyslexia and to explore the relationships between the required support with the parents’ marital status. Fifty questionnaires were distributed to the parents of children with dyslexia and analyzed. The findings showed that the type of support needed for parents of children with dyslexia could be grouped into social, peer-to-peer, financial, and government support. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between the social (p = 0.4014), peer-to-peer (p = 0.5020), and government (p = 0.7121) support with parents’ marital status. However, based on one-way ANOVA analysis, there was a significant difference found between the parents’ marital status and financial support (p = 0.0241). Accordingly, it is anticipated that the implication of this research could be used as a guide and a reference for supporting and encouraging parents of children with dyslexia and other learning disabilities.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH FASE BULAN TERHADAP WAKTU TEBAR PANCING DAN LAJU TANGKAP MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre, 1788) PADA ARMADA RAWAI TUNA

Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.15578/jppi.22.4.2016.207-214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Irwan Jatmiko ◽

Bram Setyadji ◽

Arief Wujdi

Keyword(s):

Full Moon ◽

Yellowfin Tuna ◽

Catch Rate ◽

Lunar Phase ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Moon ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Tuna Longline

Madidihang/yellowfin tuna merupakan salah satu jenis ikan tuna ekonomis penting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia dengan kontribusi hasil tangkapan yang terbanyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fase bulan terhadap waktu mulai tebar pancing dan laju tangkap madidihang pada armada rawai tuna. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh pemantau ilmiah pada armada rawai tuna yang sebagian besar berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa, Bali mulai Agustus 2005 hingga Juni 2014. Daerah penangkapan ikan dari armada rawai tuna yang diambil datanya berada di lokasi (lintang dan bujur) 9°-16° LS hingga 109°-120° BT. Analisis anova satu arah dan tes Tukey dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fase bulan terhadap waktu mulai tebar pancing dan laju tangkap madidihang. Total sebanyak 60 trip dan 1.467 hari operasi penangkapan armada rawai tuna dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis statistik anova satu arah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang nyata pada fase bulan terhadap waktu mulai tebar pancing (p<0,05). Selanjutnya, tes Tukey menunjukkan bahwa waktu mulai tebar pancing pada saat bulan purnama dimulai pada pukul 9:00 pagi hari. Waktu ini lebih lambat sekitar 2 jam dari pada waktu mulai tebar pancing pada ketiga fase bulan lainnya (perbani awal, perbani akhir dan bulan baru) yang dilakukan sekitar pukul 7:00 pagi hari. Analisis statistik anova satu arah juga menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar fase bulan terhadap laju tangkap madidihang (p<0,05). Selanjutnya, tes Tukey menunjukkan bahwa laju tangkap pada saat bulan baru dan perbani awal sebesar 0,13 ekor/100 mata pancing atau lebih besar dibandingkan nilai laju tangkap pada saat purnama dan perbani akhir yang hanya sebesar 0,09 ekor/100 mata pancing. Yellowfin tuna is one of the most economically important species for fisheries industry in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of lunar phase to the set time start and catch rate of yellowfin tuna on tuna longline vessels. Data collected by scientific observer on tuna longline vessels mainly based in Benoa Port, Bali from August 2005 to June 2014. Fishing ground of sampled longline tuna located from 9°-16° S to 109°-120° E. One-way anova analysis and Tukey test conducted to examine the effect of lunar phase to the set time start and catch rate of yellowfin tuna. A total of 60 trips and 1,467 fishing days of longline tuna fishing vessels operation have been sampled for in this study. One-way anova analysis showed that there was a significant difference of lunar phase to the set time start (p<0.05). Furthermore, Tukey test showed that the starting time for setting during the full moon begins at 9:00 am. Its time was around 2 hours slower than the start of setting of the other three moon phase (first quarter, last quarter and new moon) which start around 7:00 am. One-way anova analysis also showed that there was a significant difference of lunar phase to catch rate of yellowfin tuna (p<0.05). Furthermore, Tukey test confirmed that hook rate on new moon and first quarter was 0.13/100 hooks or 0.4 bigger than hook rate on full moon and last quarter with only 0.09/100 hooks.

Download Full-text

RELEVANCE OF VO2max CONSUMPTION IN ELITE BULGARIAN TAEKWONDO COMPETITORS

Journal of Applied Sports Sciences ◽

10.37393/jass.2021.02.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2021) ◽

pp. 28-39

Author(s):

Dimitar Avramov ◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Weight Category ◽

National Team ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The One ◽

Male Subjects ◽

One Way Anova

The aim of this study was to determine aerobic fitness through the VO2max treadmill test of elite Bulgarian taekwondo players with international results, and to determine whether the aerobic system had an effect upon the sports result in taekwondo. Fourteen elite taekwondo athletes, members of the Bulgarian national team (8 male and 6 female) were tested using a continuous progressive treadmill test. Physiological characteristics such as maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max), blood lactate and heart rate were measured. The male athletes recorded 58.2±3.4 ml kg–1 min–1 and the female 46.0±2.8 ml kg–1 min–1. The lactate level reached its highest at the 6’ after the VO2max with results for the males of 11.5±3.7 (mmol l-1) and 9.9±4.1 (mmol l-1) for the females respectively. A comparison between our results, regarding VO2max and previously reported was made using the One-way Anova for independent samples. It showed no significant difference between the male subjects (58.2±3.4 versus 60.7±3.3 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p>.05) and significant difference between the female ones (46.0±2.8 versus 49.8±2.8 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p<.05). Investigated also was the number of kicks executed by the winner of -49 kg weight category and her direct opponents during the 2019 Grand Prix Sofia. It was discovered that the winner kicked an average of 86.25 times per match and her kicks during the Grand Prix Sofia accumulated to 390 in total. It is our conclusion that the aerobic fitness does not play a significant role in taekwondo.

Download Full-text

Attitudes toward cheating among business students at a private Kenyan university

Journal of International Education in Business ◽

10.1108/jieb-01-2019-0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Rosario Catacutan

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Student Behavior ◽

Business Students ◽

Content Type ◽

Ethics Instruction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The One ◽

Attitudes Toward Cheating ◽

Ethics Courses ◽

One Way Anova

Purpose This study aims to investigate attitudes toward cheating among business students at a private university in Kenya and examine if a significant difference exists in cheating perceptions among students who have completed one or two ethics courses, and those who have done none. Design/methodology/approach A total of 554 undergraduate business students participated in this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the one-way ANOVA. Findings The results found that students perceived cheating in exam-related situations as quite serious, while cheating on written assignments was not considered a serious offence. Results of the one-way ANOVA indicate that there was a significant difference in the cheating perceptions ratings for the three groups. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicate that the mean score for students who have done two ethics courses was significantly different from that of students who have done only one ethics course. Practical implications This study has a number of implications for educators and administrators. Ethics instruction cannot achieve its desired effect on student behavior without institutional support. Administrators also need to be cognizant of the influence that school environment has on student cheating. Faculty and university administrators can influence students’ behavior in the way they practice academic integrity in their teaching and administrative functions. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is the first study to explore academic cheating at a private Kenyan university where ethics instruction is taught to undergraduate students.

Download Full-text

EFEKTIVITAS GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia ◽

10.33759/jrki.v2i2.84 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

Irene Puspa Dewi ◽

Ilham Maslan Orde ◽

Verawaty Verawaty

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Irritation Test ◽

Gel Preparation ◽

The One

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the traditional medicines which has an antibacterial efficacy compound namely Allisin which is able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study aims to formulate the garlic bulb extract into a good gel preparation for use as an acne drug and to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the ethanol extract of garlic gel against the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus using the wells method. The gel evaluation was carried out to meet the requirements with organoleptic test parameters, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion and irritation test. This study uses extracts of 10% and 20% concentrations, at each concentration being able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. In the formula, the concentration of 20% has a inhibition zone diameter of 1.59 cm and a concentration of 10% has a inhibition of 1.50 cm. Statistical test results using the One Way ANOVA test found that there was no significant difference between the average diameter of inhibition of garlic extract gel concentration of 10% with a concentration of 20%.

Download Full-text

Efektivitas antibakteri gel chitosan dengan berat molekul berbeda terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada permukaan email sekitar braket ortodonti Antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan gel with different molecular weights on the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies in the enamel surface around orthodontic bracket

Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkg.v33i3.32598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Della Noor Insany ◽

Haru Setyo Anggani ◽

Widya Kusumadewi

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Chlorhexidine Digluconate ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chitosan Gel ◽

One Way Anova

Pendahuluan: Chitosan merupakan bahan alami, bersifat antibakteri, dan dapat dibentuk menjadi gel sehingga berpotensi sebagai agen profilaksis terhadap Streptococcus mutans, penyebab demineralisasi email. Lesi white spot merupakan salah satu risiko penggunaan alat ortodonti cekat. Berat molekul merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas antibakteri chitosan, namun hubungannya masih memberikan hasil yang inkonsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan efektivitas gel chitosan dengan berat molekul berbeda terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada permukaan email sekitar braket ortodonti. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratoy dengan menggunakan 24 sampel gigi dengan braket dioles gel chitosan A (50-80 kDa), gel chitosan B (50-150 kDa), gel chitosan C (190-310 kDa), dan gel kontrol klorheksidin diglukonat 0,2% (CHX) masing-masing 6 sampel. Seluruh sampel diinkubasi dalam biakan Streptococcus mutans secara bertahap, 10 μl suspensi dari plak yang terbentuk pada sampel dibiakkan untuk memperoleh koloni pada biakan agar. Data dianalisis dengan uji one-way ANOVA dan Least Significant Difference (LSD). Hasil: Jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans setelah aplikasi gel chitosan A, B, C, dan gel klorheksidin diglukonat 0,2% (CHX) didapatkan sebesar 10,05x106 CFU/ml; 9,72x106 CFU/ml; 10,96x106 CFU/ml; dan 4,35x106 CFU/ml sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans antara ketiga kelompok gel chitosan (p>0,05) dan terdapat perbedaan jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang bermakna antara ketiga gel chitosan dengan gel kontrol (p<0,05). Simpulan: Efektivitas antibakteri gel chitosan dengan berat molekul berbeda terhadap jumlah koloni bakteri Streptococcus mutans pada permukaan email sekitar braket ortodonti adalah sama besar, namun lebih rendah daripada efektivitas antibakteri gel klorheksidin diglukonat 0,2% pada studi ini.Kata kunci: berat molekul; braket ortodontik; kitosan; email; Streptococcus mutans ABSTRACTIntroduction: Chitosan is a natural ingredient, antibacterial, and can be formed into a gel so that it has the potential as a prophylactic agent against Streptococcus mutans, the cause of enamel demineralization. White spot lesions are one of the risks of using fixed orthodontic appliances. Molecular weight is one factor that affects the antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan, but the relationship still gives inconsistent results. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of chitosan gels with different molecular weights on the number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria colonies on the enamel surface around orthodontic brackets. Methods: This study used an experimental laboratory method using 24 dental samples with brackets smeared with chitosan A gel (50-80 kDa), chitosan B gel (50-150 kDa), chitosan C gel (190-310 kDa), and chlorhexidine control gel. digluconate 0.2% (CHX) each of 6 samples. All samples were incubated in Streptococcus mutans culture in stages, 10 l suspension of the plaque formed on the samples was cultured to obtain colonies on agar cultures. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results: The number of Streptococcus mutans colonies after application of chitosan gel A, B, C, and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) gel was 10.05x106 CFU/ml; 9.72x106 CFU/ml; 10.96x106 CFU/ml; and 4.35x106 CFU/ml, so that there was no significant difference in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies between the three chitosan gel groups (p>0.05) and there was a significant difference in the number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria colonies between the three chitosan gels and the control gel (p<0.05). Conclusions: The antibacterial effectiveness of chitosan gel with different molecular weights on the number of Streptococcus mutans bacterial colonies on the enamel surface around orthodontic brackets was simi-lar but lower than the antibacterial effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel.Keywords: molecular weight; orthodontic bracket; chitosan; enamel; Streptococcus mutans

Download Full-text

Correlation of frankfort horizontal with the sellanasion line angular data in different sagittal skeletal bases

Bioinformation ◽

10.6026/973206300161088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1088-1093

Author(s):

Mathew Thomas Maliael ◽

Keyword(s):

T Test ◽

Class I ◽

Gender Dimorphism ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Beta Angle ◽

Angular Data ◽

The Difference ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

It is of interest to establish the cephalometric correlation of angular data between frankfort horizontal and the sella-nasion line in different sagittal skeletal bases. Beta angle was used to divide the sample based on their sagittal skeletal base relationship. The FH-SN angle was measured for each group. The data were tabulated into IBM SPSS software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test was done to test the normal distribution of the data. One-way ANOVA analysis was done to test the difference of the FH-SN angle among the groups. Independent samples t-Test was done to test for gender dimorphism. The mean FH-SN angle of the sample was 6.33°3.35°. The results of the One-Way ANOVA and independent samples t-Test were insignificant. Results show that is no statistically significant difference in FHSN angle between skeletal class I, II and III.The mean FH-SN angle of the sample was 6.33°3.35°. The distribution of the data was normal. The results of the One-Way ANOVA and Independent samples t-Test were insignificant. There was no statistically significant difference in FH-SN angle between skeletal class I, II and III.

Download Full-text

PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI HPMC DAN GLISERIN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)

Pharmacoscript ◽

10.36423/pharmacoscript.v4i1.603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 58-69

Author(s):

Citra Shintia ◽

Srie Rezeki Nur Endah ◽

Ali Nofriyaldi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

Hand Sanitizer ◽

Myristica Fragrans ◽

Myristica Fragrans Houtt ◽

One Way Anova

Daun pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan kedalam bentuk sediaan gel hand sanitizer. Persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi untuk sediaan gel salah satunya adalah sifat fisiknya. Gelling agent dan humektan merupakan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik sediaan gel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi HPMC (Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) dan gliserin terhadap sifat fisik sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak etanol daun pala. Gel hand sanitizer ini dibuat formulasi dengan variasi HPMC dan gliserin, yaitu formula 1 (HPMC 1% : gliserin 5%), formula 2 (HPMC 1,5% : gliserin 7,5%), formula 3 (HPMC 2%, gliserin 10%). Evaluasi yang dilakukan terhadap sediaan meliputi, uji homogenitas, uji organoleptik, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan One Way Anova dengan program SPSS for Windows, menunjukan bahwa HPMC dan gliserin mempengaruhi parameter daya sebar dan daya lekat sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak etanol daun pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.).

Download Full-text