Manisa Yöresi Sulama Suyu Kaynaklarının Toprak, Bitki ve Damla Sulama Sistemi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi

Chemical quality analysis results of 5 surface and 30 groundwater resources commonly used in agricultural irrigation in Manisa province were evaluated and the possible effects on soil, plant and drip irrigation system were determined. In this context, the cation (Ca, Mg, Na, K), anion (CO3, HCO3, CI, SO4), Fe, B contents, pH and electrical conductivity values of the water resources as well as the Percentage Sodium, Sodium Adsorption Ratio and the Adjusted Sodium Adsorption Ratio determined by the calculation Permanent Sodium Carbonate, Langelier Saturation Index, Potential Salinity, Permeability Index and Hardness parameters were used. The results indicated that the potential of problem of surface water resources is higher than that of ground water. Salihli-Köseali, Necati bey farms and Alaşehir-Kasaplı underground water resources are used more serious problems than other underground water resources. According to the type of problem that may occur, recommendations were made on measures including washing, salt-resistant plant growing, addition of organic matter and natural Ca sources and the application of dilute acid.

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Assessment of a Large Subsurface Controlled Drainage and Irrigation System: III. Water chemistry of the tile effluent and its potential impact on surface water resources

Transactions of the Missouri Academy of Science ◽

10.30956/0544-540x-44.2010.11 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44-45 (2010-2011) ◽

pp. 11-17

Author(s):

Michael Aide ◽

Indi Braden ◽

Neil Hermann ◽

David Mauk ◽

Wesley Mueller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Subsurface Drainage ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Controlled Drainage ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Nitrate Concentrations

Abstract Controlled subsurface drainage irrigation systems promote crop productivity; however, these land management systems also allow an efficient pathway for the transport of elements from soils to surface water resources. The nitrate and macro-element effluent concentrations from tile-drainage involving a 40 ha controlled subsurface drainage irrigation system are described and compared to soil nitrate availability. Soil nitrate concentrations generally show an increase immediately after soil nitrogen fertilization practices and are sufficiently abundant to promote their transport from the soil resource to the tile-drain effluent waters. The data indicates that: (1) the transport of nitrate-N in tile-drain effluent waters is appreciable; (2) denitrification pathways effectively reduce a portion of the soil nitrate-N when the controlled drainage system establishes winter-early spring anoxic soil conditions, and (3) the best strategy for reducing nitrate-N concentrations in tile-drain effluent waters is adjusting N fertilization rates and the timing of their application. The development of bioreactors for simulating wetland conditions may further limit nitrate concentrations in surface waters because of soil drainage.

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Groundwater resources of the Republic of Belarus: Problems and solutions

Gornyi Zhurnal ◽

10.17580/gzh.2020.11.09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

O. V. Nemerovets ◽

◽

Yu. A. Medvedeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Service Life ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Underground Water ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Silicon Compounds ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

The Republic ◽

Filter Clogging

The quantity and quality of water resources determines sustainable development of any country, as well as the standard of living and the health of the population. According to the national water cadastre, in 2009, 2.35 million m3 of water per day was taken from 20 thousand production wells in Belarus. The Republic of Belarus has significant mineral water resources, and there are 224 wells with mineral water on its territory. There are 130 wells in operation, and 94 wells are reserve wells. Drinking water supply in the Republic of Belarus is mostly based on the use of underground sources, with the exception of the cities of Minsk and Gomel, which makes it possible to obtain better and cleaner water than water from surface sources. At the same time, a significant part of wells operate at lower rate due to the phenomena of mechanical, biological and chemical clogging. Chemical clogging is an unavoidable process. Even with high-quality drilling operations, during well operation, due to the appearance of hydrodynamic disturbances in the reservoir, the gas equilibrium in underground water is shifted, which results in precipitation of hard-to-dissolve iron, calcium, manganese, and silicon compounds on the filter and in the filter zone. The analysis of the service life of water intake wells has shown that the main causes of their failure are filter clogging and sanding. The service life of most wells, even if mudding sediments are removed by the known methods, is never longer than 16–20 years. Operation of inefficient wells, their subsequent abandonment and re-drilling require significant financial resources. Currently, outdated wells are being designed and constructed at water intakes in the Republic of Belarus. They are insufficiently maintainable and short-lived, have a significant cost and high operating costs for lifting water. One of the ways to solve the problem is to build wells with annular systems of circulating reagent regeneration and replaceable filters to provide a significant increase in resource, stability of flow rate and reduction in operating costs. This will allow us to modernize water intakes of underground water by switching to wells of new designs and to reach a better level in ground water production.

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Research on Numerical Stimulation of Water Resources of Bang River by Finite Volume Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.781 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 599 ◽

pp. 781-786

Author(s):

Qi Xia Liu ◽

Hai Ying Yang ◽

Qing Huan Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Finite Volume Method ◽

Finite Volume ◽

Yellow River ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Underground Water ◽

Geometric Error ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Water Control ◽

Volume Method

In order to find out Bang river of hydrogeological conditions in Liandi beach, Evaluation of groundwater resources, Put forward the scientific and reasonable layout of new Wells. This paper will be for the finite volume method is applied to the underground water resources evaluation and numerical simulation research of Yellow River xiaolangdi key water control project in Bang river zone . As the Bang river groundwater flow problems put forward a kind of high precision and simple new method. The study on speeding up the construction progress and safeguard the social stability has the important practical significance. The calculation results show that the finite volume method advantages of flexible meshing, geometric error is small, easy to deal with natural boundary conditions, to maintain the quality and higher accuracy. The calculation and evaluation of groundwater resources has important application value.

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Tingkat Korosivitas Air Terhadap Infrastruktur Sumber Daya Air Berbahan Semen atau Mortar dengan fc’ ≤ 30 MPa pada 9 Waduk di Indonesia

Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia ◽

10.5614/jtki.2020.19.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Devita Satya Lestari

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Water Resources ◽

Standard Method ◽

Saturation Index ◽

National Standard ◽

Primary Data ◽

Method Of Calculation ◽

Langelier Saturation Index ◽

Index Saturation

Abstrak. Korosi atau kerusakan yang terjadi di infrastruktur sumber daya air terutama yang berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30 Mpa, dapat menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan antara lain kerugian secara materiil karena korosi menggerogoti semua aset infrastruktur dan tentunya kerugian dalam hal keamanan karena dapat mengancam keselamatan manusia. Korosi merupakan permasalahan yang sangat penting dan tidak akan ada habisnya, karena peristiwa korosi terjadi secara terus-menerus dan berkelanjutan. Peristiwa korosi tidak dapat terjadi dengan sendirinya, tetapi karena adanya berbagai faktor-faktor tertentu yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya korosi. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menentukan tingkat korosivitas air terhadap infrastruktur sumber daya air berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30 MPa pada 9 waduk di Indonesia, sehingga akan diketahui rekomendasi yang tepat untuk pencegahan dan pengendalian korosivitas air terhadap infrastruktur sumber daya air berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30 MPa, karena semen merupakan salah satu material yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Studi ini menggunakan data-data primer kualitas air. Metode pengambilan, penyimpanan, dan pengawetan sampel air dilakukan dengan mengikuti ketentuan dari Standar Nasional Indonesia Nomor 6989.57:2008. Pengujian kualitas air dilakukan oleh laboratorium yang terakreditasi. Metode perhitungan menggunakan rumus Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) A, B, C, D, dan rumus Saturation Index (SI) dari Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF. Hasil perhitungan LSI A, B, C, D, dan SI Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF menunjukkan bahwa tingkat korosivitas air di 9 waduk berpotensi menyebabkan korosi terhadap infrastruktur sumber daya air berbahan semen atau mortar dengan fc’ atau dengan nilai kuat tekan ≤ 30MPa. Kata kunci: infrastruktur sumber daya air, Langelier Saturation Index, Saturation Index, tingkat korosivitas air. Abstract. Water Corrosivity Level Againts the Water Resources Infrastructure Made of Cement or Mortar with fc' ≤ 30 MPa in 9 Reservoirs in Indonesia. Corrosion or damage that occurs in the infrastructure of water resources, especially those made of cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa will be able to engender losses. Losses incurred, in the form of losses materially because of corrosion gnaw off all infrastructure assets and of course in losses terms of security, because it can threaten the safety of a human. Corrosion is a very important problem and will not be endless, as corrosion events occur continuously and sustainably. Corrosion events cannot occur by themselves, but because of certain factors that may cause corrosion. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of water corrosivity to the infrastructure of water resources made from cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa in 9 reservoirs in Indonesia, to develop appropriate recommendations for the prevention and control of the water corrosivity to the infrastructure of water resources made from cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa because cement is one of the most used materials today. This study uses water quality primary data. The methods of capturing, storing, and preserving water samples are carried out following the provisions of Indonesian national standard number 6989.57:2008. Water quality testing is done by accredited laboratories. The method of calculation uses the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) A, B, C, D, and the formula Saturation Index (SI) of the Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF. Calculation results of LSI A, B, C, D, and SI Standard Method APHA-AWWA-WEF show that the level of water corrosivity in 9 reservoirs has the potential to cause corrosion of water resources infrastructure made of cement or mortar with fc' or with a compressive strength value of ≤ 30 MPa. Keywords: Langelier Saturation Index, Saturation Index, water corrosivity level, water resource infrastructure.

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Avaliação de água de poços tubulares para consumo humano no Município de Boa Vista, Paraíba

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i5.3943 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 08

Author(s):

Débora Samara Cruz Rocha Farias ◽

Soahd Arruda Rached Farias ◽

José Dantas Neto

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Water Resources ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Underground Water ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Deep Wells ◽

Quality Of Water

Na Região do Semiárido nordestino a diminuição da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos superficiais tem levado a população da zona rural a buscar, nos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, a solução de seus problemas de abastecimento, o que tem acarretado um crescimento no número de perfurações de poços tubulares profundos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de águas utilizadas para consumo humano em áreas rurais da região de Boa Vista, Paraíba. As amostras de água foram coletadas em poços tubulares, em dois períodos: 4º trimestre de 2014 e 2º trimestre de 2015. As variáveis avaliadas foram: pH, CE, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3 -, Cl, alcalinidade e dureza total e SDT. Das águas analisadas 94,55% são consideradas salgadas nas duas amostragens. Em sua maioria os teores de dureza, alcalinidade, cloreto, magnésio, sódio e potássio estão fora do limite estabelecido pela Portaria vigente no país. Com relação ao pH, as amostras se encontram dentro do padrão normal.Water quality for human consumption in rural communities in the municipality of Boa Vista, state ParaíbaAbstract: In the semi-arid northeastern region of decreasing availability of surface water resources has led to population from the countryside to look for underground water resources to solve their supply problems, which has led to an increase in the number of deep wells drilling. The study aimed to assess the quality of water used for human consumption in rural areas of the region Boa Vista, Paraíba. Water samples were collected from wells in two periods: 4th quarter 2014 and 2nd quarter of 2015. The variables evaluated were: pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3-, Cl, alkalinity and total hardness and TDS. 94.55% of the analyzed waters are considered cured in the two sampling. Mostly hardness levels, alkalinity, chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium are beyond the limit set by current Ordinance in the country. Regarding the pH samples are within the normal pattern.

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Surface water resources of small agricultural watershed in the Kujawy region, central Poland

Journal of Water and Land Development ◽

10.1515/jwld-2017-0028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 131-140

Author(s):

Zygmunt Miatkowski ◽

Karolina Smarzyńska

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Cross Section ◽

Crop Production ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Arable Land ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

The Mean ◽

River Cross Section

AbstractThe goal of the paper was to determine surface water resources of an agricultural watershed representative for the areas of intensive crop production in the Kujawy region. This area is characterised by the lowest average annual precipitation in Poland and high water demands related to the intensive crop production.Hydrological studies were carried out in 2007–2011 in the upper Zgłowiączka River watershed located in the eastern part of the analysed region. Over 90% of the study area is used as an arable land.Water velocity in the river bed and water level were measured at the outlet of the watershed in the river cross-section Samszyce.The upper Zgłowiączka River has a snow-rainfall hydrological regime, strongly modified by anthropogenic activities related to the intensive crop production and installation of subsurface drainage system. The study period was characterised by very large temporal variability of hydrological conditions. The mean annual outflow coefficient amounted to 18% and varied highly in time: from 3% in the average years to 62% in the abnormally wet 2011. Average discharge (SSQ) in the Samszyce river cross-section was equal to 0.25 m3·s−1, and the mean unit outflow – to 3.2 dm3·s−1·km−2. The results of the study show that disposable surface water resources of the Kujawy region are very small, especially in the summer half-year. Thus, their utilization as a potential source of water for crop irrigation can be taken into account only, if water excesses will be retained within the watershed and used in conjunction with groundwater resources.

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An Approach to Mapping Groundwater Recharge Potential Zones using Geospatial Techniques in Kayadhu River Basin, Maharashtra

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5477 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bhagwan B. Ghute ◽

Shaikh Md. Babar

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

River Basin ◽

Artificial Recharge ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Drainage Density ◽

Vital Role ◽

Potential Zone ◽

Geospatial Techniques ◽

Recharge Potential ◽

Surface Water Resources

Rapid increase in population, agricultural expansion and ongoing development projects in the region. However, the region is facing water scarcity because of seasonal precipitation and inadequate surface water resources. Therefore, groundwater resources are gaining much more attention mainly in Kayadhu river basin to fulfil drinkable water requirements in the area. To maintain the long-term sustainability of water resources artificial recharge is expected to become frequently necessary in future as the growing population requires more water and consequently, more storage is required to conserve water for use in the times of shortage. Geospatial techniques are used in the field of hydrology and water resources management. One of the chief advantages of this techniques for hydrological investigation and observe its ability to generate data in spatial and temporal fields, which plays vital role for fruitful analysis, estimation and authentication. The suitable zones for artificial recharge were identified by overlaying thematic layers such as land use/land cover, lineament density, slope, drainage density, lithology, geomorphology, rainfall and soil characteristics are integrated with recharge potential factors. The result reveals that 79% area of Kayadhu river basin is most effective for high to moderate artificial recharge potential zone.

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Simulating Potential Weekly Stream and Pond Water Available for Irrigation in the Big Sunflower River Watershed of Mississippi Delta

Water ◽

10.3390/w11061271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1271

Author(s):

Fei Gao ◽

Gary Feng ◽

Ying Ouyang ◽

Johnie Jenkins ◽

Changming Liu

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Resources ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Mississippi Delta ◽

Stream Water ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Pond Water ◽

River Watershed ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Agriculture Irrigation

Groundwater storage and level have declined rapidly in the Big Sunflower River Watershed (BSRW) of Mississippi Delta in recent years. Farmers in this region are beginning to save groundwater resources by increasing surface water usage for agricultural irrigation. In this study, we estimated the weekly amount of surface water available in ponds and streams, determined if the weekly surface water resources are sufficient for major crop irrigation demand, and assessed how much surface water can replace groundwater for agriculture irrigation in the BSRW. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was employed to simulate the weekly water resources for 23 sub-basins from the BSRW. Results showed that weekly stream water resources (SWR), stream evaporation (SE) and water loss from the channel via transmission through the side and bottom of the channel (stream transmission, referred as ST) for BSRW during the growing seasons ranged from 20.4 to 29.4 mm, 7.4 to 14.4 mm, 1.6 to 4.5 mm and 1.1 to 1.6 mm, while pond water resources (PWR) and pond evaporation (PE) ranged from 1.9 to 2.1 mm and 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The value of SWR − (ST + SE) and PWR − PE were positive in all sub-basins, indicating that there are net surface water resources available in this region. The percentages of total groundwater usage for irrigation that could be replaced by surface water in each sub-basin every week of each month from May to September ranged from 10% to 87%. Our studies suggested that the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater for agriculture irrigation is a feasible method for groundwater sustainable management in the Mississippi Delta.

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Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Resources

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Handbook of Research on Climate Change Impact on Health and Environmental Sustainability ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8814-8.ch010 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 196-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. P. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Resources ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Climate Variables ◽

Groundwater Levels ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Climate change poses uncertainties to the supply and management of water resources. While climate change affects surface water resources directly through changes in the major long-term climate variables such as air temperature, precipitation, and evapotranspiration, the relationship between the changing climate variables and groundwater is more complicated and poorly understood. The greater variability in rainfall could mean more frequent and prolonged periods of high or low groundwater levels, and saline intrusion in coastal aquifers due to sea level rise and resource reduction. This chapter presents the likely impact of climate change on groundwater resources and methodology to assess the impact of climate change on groundwater resources.

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Analysis of the Acceptance of Sustainable Practices in Water Management for the Intensive Agriculture of the Costa de Hermosillo (Mexico)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010154 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

Claudia Ochoa-Noriega ◽

Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz ◽

José A. Aznar-Sánchez ◽

Belén López-Felices

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Water Withdrawal ◽

Intensive Agriculture ◽

Sustainable Practices ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Alternative Water ◽

High Level

Mexico, as many countries, relies on its aquifers to provide at least 60% of all irrigation water to produce crops every year. Often, the water withdrawal goes beyond what the aquifer can be replenished by the little rainfall. Mexico is a country that has experienced a successful process of regional development based on the adoption of intensive agricultural systems. However, this development has occurred in an unplanned way and displays shortcomings in terms of sustainability, particularly in the management of water resources. This study analysed the case of Costa de Hermosillo, which is one of the Mexican regions in which this model of intensive agriculture has been developed and where there is a high level of overexploitation of its groundwater resources. Based on the application of a qualitative methodology involving different stakeholders (farmers, policymakers, and researchers), the main barriers and facilitators for achieving sustainability in water resources management have been identified. A series of consensus-based measures were contemplated, which may lead to the adoption of sustainable practices in water management. Useful lessons can be drawn from this analysis and be applied to other agricultural areas where ground and surface water resources are overexploited, alternative water sources are overlooked, and where stakeholders have conflicting interests in water management.

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