scholarly journals Kelkit Çayı (Tokat) Epilitik Diyatomeleri

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Metin Çağlar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Epilithic Diatoms ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Oxygen Measurements ◽  
Monthly Variations

In this study, monthly variations of epilithic diatoms in Kelkit Creek (Tokat) were studied from stone samples taken from two stations between March - December 2018: one station below the settlement area and the other one below agricultural areas. During this study, 18 taxa which belong to epilithic diatoms were recorded. Cymbella (3 taxa) and Nitzschia (3 taxa) were the diatoms mostly represented by the taxa, and Ulnaria ulna had the highest relative density recorded in both stations throughout the months. Sorensen Similarity Index was calculated as %56.41 between the two station diatoms. Also, temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements were done on the water samples taken from the stations. The measured variables were confirmed to make positive effects on the growth of diatoms in epiliton. Relative densities of the types of diatoms that were found in the epilithic flora were determined. In hand according to the results, the lowest relative density was recorded as 4.76 in march (Cymbella affinis) at Station 1 and 2.83 in march (Lindavia glomerata) at Station 2. Considering the highest relative density values, Navicula radiosa and Ulnaria ulna species were determined in december (13.56) at Station 1 and in march (9.43) for Ulnaria ulna at Station 2.

The population dynamics of metacercariae of Apatemon gracilis (Trematoda: Digenea) in three species of lake-dwelling leeches

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Spelling ◽  
J. O. Young
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Host Mortality

SUMMARYMonthly samples of the leeches Erpobdella octoculata, Glossiphonia complanata and Helobdella stagnalis were taken over a two-year period from an eutrophic, English lake to detect metacercariae of the trematode, Apatemon gracilis. In each cohort of each of the three leeches, prevalence was low in young individuals, rose to a peak in autumn/winter, and then declined until the cohort had almost died out; in E. octoculata and H. stagnalis a final brief increase occurred. Mean intensity and relative density values followed a similar seasonal pattern of change to that of prevalence in these last two species, but in G. complanata values fluctuated irregularly with no distinct pattern. The frequency distribution of the parasite in G. complanata was highly over-dispersed, but less so in the other two species. Infected E. octoculata reached sexual maturity. The parasite reduced egg production in G. complanata and H. stagnalis, but only by maximum values of 2·5 and 9% respectively. This reduction in fecundity is low compared to the subsequent high mortality, at 95% or more, of newly recruited young from as yet unidentified causes. Parasite-related host mortality was difficult to assess in young leeches, but there was some evidence for its occurrence in older leeches of E. octoculata and H. stagnalis. However, this is unlikely to play a prominent role in the control and regulation of lacustrine leech populations.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

Astrobiology and its influence on the renewal of the way we see the world from the teloempathic, educational and astrotheological perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Octavio A. Chon Torres
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

AbstractThere is a record of the positive effects of astrobiological research for the natural sciences and eventually for their technological use on Earth. However, on the philosophical effects, this is not as visible as the other sciences, which is why it can be assumed that it is a waste of time speculating on astrobioethics or also on the philosophy of astrobiology. This is the reason why this work seeks to identify and sustain the philosophical utility of astrobioethics. To achieve this, this article focuses on three essential aspects: teloempathy, education and astrotheology. Russell's argument about the value of philosophy will be used as a fundamental basis for the usefulness of astrobioethics.

scholarly journals Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Sarah Schwarzkopf ◽  
Asako Kinoshita ◽  
Jeannette Kluess ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf’s metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.

Changes in Nutrient Levels of Lake Water Stored at 4 °C

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. El-Shaarawi ◽  
M. A. Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Glass Bottles ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

Water samples were collected on Lake Ontario during April and November, filtered (0.45 μm), and immediately analyzed onboard ship for the nutrients soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate-plus-nitrite, and ammonia. Replicates were stored in glass bottles at 4 °C and reanalyzed within 8 d. Statistical analysis showed that soluble reactive phosphorus decreased by 11 and 13% and nitrate-plus-nitrite by 7 and 6%, whereas ammonia increased by 75% on one cruise and decreased by 37% on the other.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Antimicrobial Applications on Color Stability of Ground Pork

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Garnica ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Vargas ◽  
A. R. English ◽  
K. E. Hanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
B Values ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ground Pork ◽  
Hue Angle

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to evaluate color changes during dark storage of ground pork following application with one of three different antimicrobial interventions to pork trim.Materials and MethodsTreatments included a control (no antimicrobial), lactic acid (LA; 3%), PAA+Titon [sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate (pH 1.3) combined with peracetic acid (350 ppm)], PAA+Acetic [peracetic acid (400 ppm) with 2% acetic acid]. Four 22.7-kg batches of pork trim were treated with one intervention, ground [coarse (3/16’’) followed by a fine (1/8”) grind] and packaged in 454-g rollstock vacuum packaging (n = 40/treatment). After random assignment to an aging time (0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 d), product was held under dark storage at 2–4°C. On each storage day, samples (n = 8/treatment) were opened and L*, a*, and b* values were taken using a HunterLab Miniscan XE spectrophotometer at 0 min, 10 min, and 20 min for bloom color analysis, with hue angle [arctangent (b*/a*)] and chroma [ (a* + b*)1/2 ] calculated from a* and b* values. For pH, 5 g of sample and 90 mL of distillated water were homogenized and analyzed with a bench top pH probe. Finally, fat, moisture, and protein percentage were determined using a FOSS FoodScan. Statistical analysis was conducted using the GLM procedure of SAS with a means separation using the Tukey adjustment and significance set at P < 0.05.ResultsProximate analysis of the ground pork in this study showed 20.04 ± 1.13% for fat, 61.15 ± 1.11% for moisture, and 16.83 ± 0.39% for protein content. For initial pork color, at 0 min, LA had greater L* values compared to PAA+Titon at 0d, 7d and 14d (P < 0.05), but no treatment differences were detected in L* values at 21d and 28d (P > 0.05). After 10 min of bloom time, PAA+Titon maintained the highest chroma value throughout all aging days (P < 0.05) demonstrating the most color intensity. At 21d PAA+Titon increased blooming properties through 20min (P < 0.05), based on a*, while control samples had no bloom development (P > 0.05). At 21d and 28d aging LA hue angle was highest (P < 0.05) indicating more potential metmyoglobin discoloration. PAA+Titon presented the highest pH values compared to all the other treatments for each day during the storage period except for Day 14, while LA presented lower values compared to all the other treatments for each day (P < 0.05).ConclusionAs an organic acid application on pork trim prior to grinding, PAA+Titon demonstrates positive effects on color of ground pork based on color and pH values, after post-grinding storage.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment of ionic status of pond water for irrigation and aquaculture usage in the selected sites of Mymensingh areas, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Shampa Rani Ghosh ◽  
Sitesh Chandra Sarker ◽  
Md Mokhlesur Rahman ◽  
KM Eadun Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Legal Limit ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Inorganic Components

Ponds are considered to be self-contained, land lock ecosystem which is often teeming with rich vegetation and diverse organismal life. The pond water contains different organic and inorganic components. The experiment was carried out in laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh through collection of pond water from Gouripur and Muktagacha under Mymensingh division for assessment of major ionic status and suitability parameters for irrigation and aquaculture usage in quantitative way. Around 30 samples were collected from different location. On the basis of HCO3 ion, all water samples except 3 samples were not suitable for irrigation because this anion exceeded the acceptable limit (1.5 meL-1). On the other hand, HCO3 ion was not treated as problematic in all samples except 2 samples for aquaculture usages. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, PO4 and SO4 were far below the recommended limit. Considering aquaculture usage, Cl ion was considered as hazardous in all the pond water samples because this anion was above the legal limit (<0.003mgL-1). pH value of pond ranged from 7.02 to 7.87 indicating alkaline in nature and were not problematic for irrigation and aquaculture usage. Among the major ionic constituents, the remarkable significant correlations existed between Ca vs Mg, Ca vs K, Mg vs SO4, K vs Na, Na vs SO4. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 301-313, August 2019

scholarly journals Evaluation of the microbial community structure of potable water samples from occupied and unoccupied buildings using16S rRNA amplicon sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimothy L Smith ◽  
Howard A Shuman ◽  
Douglas Findeisen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Oxford Nanopore

AbstractWe conducted two studies of water samples from buildings with normal occupancy and water usage compared to water from buildings that were unoccupied with little or no water usage due to the COVID-19 shutdown. Study 1 had 52 water samples obtained ad hoc from buildings in four metropolitan locations in different states in the US and a range of building types. Study 2 had 36 water samples obtained from two buildings in one metropolitan location with matched water sample types. One of the buildings had been continuously occupied, and the other substantially vacant for approximately 3 months. All water samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with a MinION from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. More than 127 genera of bacteria were identified, including genera with members that are known to include more than 50 putative frank and opportunistic pathogens. While specific results varied among sample locations, 16S rRNA amplicon abundance and the diversity of bacteria were higher in water samples from unoccupied buildings than normally occupied buildings as was the abundance of sequenced amplicons of genera known to include pathogenic bacterial members. In both studies Legionella amplicon abundance was relatively small compared to the abundance of the other bacteria in the samples. Indeed, when present, the relative abundance of Legionella amplicons was lower in samples from unoccupied buildings. Legionella did not predominate in any of the water samples and were found, on average, in 9.6% of samples in Study 1 and 8.3% of samples in Study 2.SynopsisComparison of microbial community composition in the plumbing of occupied and unoccupied buildings during the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown.

scholarly journals Ensemble mean density and its connection to other microphysical properties of falling snow as observed in Southern Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 4825-4841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Tiira ◽  
Dmitri N. Moisseev ◽  
Annakaisa von Lerber ◽  
Davide Ori ◽  
Ali Tokay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Depth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Snow Density ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The University ◽  
Characteristic Mass

Abstract. In this study measurements collected during winters 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 at the University of Helsinki measurement station in Hyytiälä are used to investigate connections between ensemble mean snow density, particle fall velocity and parameters of the particle size distribution (PSD). The density of snow is derived from measurements of particle fall velocity and PSD, provided by a particle video imager, and weighing gauge measurements of precipitation rate. Validity of the retrieved density values is checked against snow depth measurements. A relation retrieved for the ensemble mean snow density and median volume diameter is in general agreement with previous studies, but it is observed to vary significantly from one winter to the other. From these observations, characteristic mass–dimensional relations of snow are retrieved. For snow rates more than 0.2 mm h−1, a correlation between the intercept parameter of normalized gamma PSD and median volume diameter was observed.

Comparison of Novel Conductive Open- and Closed-Porous PPy-PLA Composites

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chan ◽  
Ellen Chan ◽  
Weijia Zhang ◽  
Hani E. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Porous Composites

This study compared the fabrication techniques and characterization of novel open- and closed-porous structures in PPy-PLA conductive composites. For the open-porous composites, PLA samples were fabricated using compression molding and salt leaching with varying salt-to-polymer mass ratios, which were subsequently coated with PPy by in situ polymerization of pyrrole and iron (III) chloride. For the closed-porous composites, a patterned structure of PPy within PLA was created using compression molding of PPy-coated PLA pellets, followed by gas saturation and foaming techniques in order to create the closed pores. Characterization of both porous composites included their physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Results showed that the modulus increased with increasing relative density and decreasing open porosity. The open-porous composites had lower relative density values but higher open porosities compared to the closed-porous composites. The average size of the closed pores was approximately an order of magnitude larger than the open pores. Lastly, the open-porous composites had higher conductivity values than the closed-porous composites due to the greater surface area of the continuous conductive pathway. The comparisons between open- and closed-porous composites established their characteristic properties for their future development in applications.

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