scholarly journals Foodborne Illness A Dynamic, Everywhere Possible Emergency Field Today

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Liana Monica Deac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Right

Foodborne illness is a common, costly yet preventable public health problem. Every year in the United States, 17 % of Americans get sick, as a result of consuming contaminated foods or beverages. During 2017-2019, we have observed foodborn diseases in Transylvania region, Romania, and realized a complex epidemiological and clinical study, with the right interpretations and conclusions. Most cases appeared in adults with several chronic illnesses, in 56%, male in 68% from rural side in 57%. The pathology was relevant for family events as wedding, birthday party etc., when food contamination occurred probably at any point, from: production, processing, distribution, or any meals preparation with eggs, milk and meat products, as even from less hand washing or hygiene protective uses. There were several forms from simple one, in 70%, middle one, in 22% to severe who arrived in totality to 8 % and needed almost several days of hospitalization. These foodborn infections have had the etiology of: Salmonella spp in 67%, mostly Salmonella enteritidis in 29 %. Other 14% were determined by Staphylococcus aureus and in 19% forms, we could not put in evidence any microbiological determinant germs. To protect people from such disease there is needed to survive correct each chain of food production, processing, transportation, handling, and all preparation steps as to use a correct hand washing activity in food uses.

Complaint-Based Surveillance for Foodborne Illness in the United States: A Survey of Local Health Departments

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN LI ◽  
GULZAR H. SHAH ◽  
CRAIG HEDBERG
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Local Health Departments

Foodborne illnesses are an important public health problem in the United States in terms of both the burden of illness and cost to the health care system. Strengthening foodborne illness surveillance helps address the growing issues of food safety in the United States. Very little is known about the use of consumer complaint surveillance systems for foodborne illness. This study evaluates the use of these surveillance systems by local health departments (LHDs) in the United States and their practices and policies for investigating complaints. Data for this study were collected through two Web-based surveys based on a representative sample of LHDs in the United States; 81% of LHDs use complaint-based surveillance. Of those that did not have a complaint system, 64% reported that the state health department or another agency ran their complaint system. Health departments collect a wide variety of information from callers through their complaint systems, including food intake history. Most of the LHDs, however, do not store the information in an electronic database. Outbreak rates and complaint rates were found to be positively correlated, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.38. Complaints were the most common outbreak detection mechanism reported by respondents, with a median of 69% of outbreaks during the previous year found through complaints. Complaint systems are commonly used in the United States. Increasing the rate at which illnesses are reported by the public and improving investigation practices could help increase the number of outbreaks detected through complaint surveillance.

Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- an emerging threat for the swine feed and pork production industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Harrison ◽  
Susan Rensing ◽  
Cassandra K. Jones ◽  
Valentina Trinetta
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Swine Feed

Salmonella continues to be a significant cause of foodborne illnesses in human medicine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Salmonella as the second leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and the leading cause of both hospitalizations and deaths. Salmonella enterica 4,[5],12:i:- (STM) is a monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium and it is an emerging threat to both human and animal health. STM was first identified in the 1980’s from poultry products and has become increasingly prevalent in meat products including pork. STM has also been identified in swine farms as well as feed manufacturing environments and feed itself. Similar pulse-field gel electrophoresis profiles have been observed between human clinical cases and the STM samples originating from swine feed. These related profiles suggest a link between swine ingesting contaminated feed and the source of foodborne illness in human. The objective of this article was to better understand the history of STM and the possible pathway between swine feed to the household table. Continued research is necessary to better understand how STM can enter both the feed supply chain and the pork production chain to avoid contamination of pork products destined for human consumption.

Prevalence of Salmonella species from poultry eggs of local stores in Duhok

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas I. Zubair ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Al-Berfkani ◽  
Araz Ramadhan Issa
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Poultry Eggs ◽  
Local Store

Background: Salmonellosis is one of the foodborne illness acquired by consumption of infected raw or undercooked eggs and causes major public health problem. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of Salmonella spp. from the eggshells and the egg contents samples.Methods: In this study, a total 350 eggs were randomly collected from five local stores in Duhok and Zakho city over a period of 6 months in summer of 2016. Eggs from each local store were collected and transferred to the microbiology laboratory. The conventional culture method used for detection of Salmonella spp.Results: Out of the 350 eggs, seventeen (4.85%) samples of eggshells contaminated with Salmonella spp. and none of the egg content samples were contaminated with Salmonella genus. Out of 17 positive eggs, three different Salmonella serotypes were identified including; Salmonella enteritidis (10 strains), Salmonella typhimurium (5 strains), Salmonella typhi (2 strains).Conclusions: The results of the present study provide the recent dataset of the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in eggs sold at local stores in the city. All isolates showed resistant to tetracycline, oxacillin and sulphadimethoxazole due to the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics in chicken at sub-therapeutic level or prophylactic doses which promotes selection of antimicrobial resistant strains and also increases the human health risks associated with consumption of contaminated quail eggs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Zakho- Duhok city, investigating the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggshell and content egg sold at local stores.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium from chicken meat in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Tarabees ◽  
Mohamed S. A. Elsayed ◽  
Reyad Shawish ◽  
Shereen Basiouni ◽  
Awad A Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples

Introduction: Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium represent the major serovars associated with human salmonellosis. Contamination of meat products with these serovars is considered the main source of infection. Methodology: In this study, 100 raw chicken meat samples were investigated for the presence of Salmonella spp., which were subsequently identified based on biochemical and serological tests as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) profile. Furthermore, the isolated serovars were examined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of virulence genes suspected to have a role in infection. Results: S. Enteritidis was isolated from two samples (2%), while S. Typhimurium was isolated from three samples (3%) of chicken meat. Of the 17 examined virulence genes using multiplex PCR, the sitC, sopB, sifA, lpfC, spaN, sipB, invA, spiA, and msgA genes were detected in S. Enteritidis. However, the sitC, iroN, sopB, sifA, lpfC, spaN, sipB, invA, and tolC genes were successfully amplified in S. Typhimurium. Conclusions: The detection of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in meat, even at low incidence, has important implications. In addition, the data presented here is the first attempt to identify a wide range of virulence genes in Egyptian Salmonella isolates recovered from meat products. A strict public health and food safety regime is urgently needed in order to decrease the human health hazard risk associated with salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Contamination of Some Foodstuffs byEscherichia coliO157 in Benin, West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honoré Sourou Bankole ◽  
Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon ◽  
Roch Christian Johnson ◽  
T. J. Dougnon ◽  
Boniface Yehouenou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Pathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coliO157 is a pathogenic bacterium causing haemorrhagic colitis. It represents a serious public health problem in Northern America and Europe, which can plague Africa. Most cases of mentioned poisoning were related to contaminated meat products and vegetables. The present work aimed to estimate the prevalence ofE. coliO157 in meat and vegetables in Benin. For this purpose, 6 lots of faeces samples from pigs and 8 from cattle were collected at the farms on the outskirts of Cotonou. Similarly, 20 samples of carcasses, 20 samples of intestines and stomach, and 20 surfaces samples of slaughtering equipment were taken. Vegetables and environment materials in gardens have also been sampled for 84 samples. Bacteriological analyses revealed a percentage of contamination of 50% for pig faeces and 25% for cattle ones. All the meats from stalling parks have been contaminated by this bacterium. For vegetables, 14.6% of samples were contaminated byE. coliO157. The presence of this pathovar in animal breeding and slaughtering environment and in the gardens shows that Benin is not aware of the risks of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated products. Therefore, it urges including that germ in a systematic search during safety control of food products in Benin.

scholarly journals First Detection ofoqxABin Salmonella spp. Isolated from Food

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Ho Yin Wong ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTFood-borne salmonellosis is an important public health problem worldwide and the second leading cause of food-borne illnesses in Hong Kong. In this study, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellain meat products in Hong Kong were determined. Interestingly, a plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene combination,oqxAB, which mediates resistance to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and olaquindox, was for the first time detectable on the chromosomes of twoSalmonella entericaserovar Derby isolates. Further surveillance ofoqxABinSalmonellawill be needed.

Lending to the Borrower from Hell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intelligent Model ◽  
New Evidence

Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. This book looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, the book analyzes the lessons from this historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, the book examines the incentives and returns of lenders. It provides powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. It also demonstrates that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The book unearths unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, this book offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.

The Right to Bodily Integrity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Brysk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Right

In Chapter 7, we profile the global pattern of sexual violence. We will consider conflict rape and transitional justice response in Peru and Colombia, along with the plight of women displaced by conflict from Syria and Central America, and limited international policy response. State-sponsored sexual violence and popular resistance to reclaim public space will be chronicled in Egypt as well as Mexico. We will track intensifying public sexual assault amid social crisis in Turkey, South Africa, and India, which has been met by a wide range of public protest, legal reform, and policy change. For a contrasting experience of the privatization of sexual assault in developed democracies, we will trace campus, workplace, and military rape in the United States.

News on the Right

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Fox News ◽  
National Review ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Right

This volume seeks to initiate a new interdisciplinary field of scholarly research focused on the study of right-wing media and conservative news. To date, the study of conservative or right-wing media has proceeded unevenly, cross-cutting several traditional disciplines and subfields, with little continuity or citational overlap. This book posits a new multifaceted object of analysis—conservative news cultures—designed to promote concerted interdisciplinary investigation into the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. With contributors from the fields of journalism studies, media and communication studies, cultural studies, history, political science, and sociology, the book models the capacious field it seeks to promote. Its contributors draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods—from archival analysis to regression analysis of survey data to rhetorical analysis—to elucidate case studies focused on conservative news cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. From the National Review to Fox News, from the National Rifle Association to Brexit, from media policy to liberal media bias, this book is designed as an introduction to right-wing media and an opening salvo in the interdisciplinary field of conservative news studies.

The Architecture of Our Discontent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Media ◽  
First Year ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrated Media ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

This chapter presents the book’s macrolevel findings about the architecture of political communication and the news media ecosystem in the United States from 2015 to 2018. Two million stories published during the 2016 presidential election campaign are analyzed, along with another 1.9 million stories about Donald Trump’s presidency during his first year. The chapter examines patterns of interlinking between online media sources to understand the relations of authority and credibility among publishers, as well as the media sharing practices of Twitter and Facebook users to elucidate social media attention patterns. The data and mapping reveal not only a profoundly polarized media landscape but stark asymmetry: the right is more insular, skewed towards the extreme, and set apart from the more integrated media ecosystem of the center, center-left, and left.

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