scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium from chicken meat in Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Tarabees ◽  
Mohamed S. A. Elsayed ◽  
Reyad Shawish ◽  
Shereen Basiouni ◽  
Awad A Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples

Introduction: Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium represent the major serovars associated with human salmonellosis. Contamination of meat products with these serovars is considered the main source of infection. Methodology: In this study, 100 raw chicken meat samples were investigated for the presence of Salmonella spp., which were subsequently identified based on biochemical and serological tests as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) profile. Furthermore, the isolated serovars were examined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of virulence genes suspected to have a role in infection. Results: S. Enteritidis was isolated from two samples (2%), while S. Typhimurium was isolated from three samples (3%) of chicken meat. Of the 17 examined virulence genes using multiplex PCR, the sitC, sopB, sifA, lpfC, spaN, sipB, invA, spiA, and msgA genes were detected in S. Enteritidis. However, the sitC, iroN, sopB, sifA, lpfC, spaN, sipB, invA, and tolC genes were successfully amplified in S. Typhimurium. Conclusions: The detection of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in meat, even at low incidence, has important implications. In addition, the data presented here is the first attempt to identify a wide range of virulence genes in Egyptian Salmonella isolates recovered from meat products. A strict public health and food safety regime is urgently needed in order to decrease the human health hazard risk associated with salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Detection of Multidrug Resistance Salmonella spp. from Chicken Meat by Multiplex PCR and VITEK 2 system

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1945-1949
Author(s):  
Khanzad Khudhur Jarjees ◽  
Khanda Omar Khudhur ◽  
Suzan Sabah Yahia Al-Safar
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Meat Samples

Salmonellae are highly pathogenic foodborne bacteria able to cause infection even at low doses. Infection by Salmonella from contaminated foods leads to gastrointestinal disease known as salmonellosis. Raw chicken can be a source of human infection if the meat products are not properly handled, stored or cooked. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhymurium serovars in retail raw chicken meat from retail market in Erbil, as well as, to assess their antimicrobial resistance. A total of 100 raw retail chicken meat samples were collected and plating on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate and Salmonella-Shigella agar media. In addition, the typical black colonies were identified and stored for further analysis. In addition, Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from the samples were identified and tested for antibiotics susceptibility by using VITEK 2 automated system. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhymurium in the meat samples. Out of 100 raw chicken meat analysed samples, 5 (5%) were positive for Salmonella Typhimurium, while none of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis. The resistance levels of the isolates against 12 different antimicrobial agent were tested: all the strains were suscebtible to Imipenem, Meropenem, and Ciprofloxacin. However, the resistance rates in the bacterial isolates were 20% each for Amikacin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin, also 40% and 30% resistance for Minocycline, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. All isolates of the Salmonella Typhymurium were multiresistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Preventive measure such as proper temperature control as well as proper handling of raw chicken meat in the market place are crucial to the minimization of any potential health hazard by this foodborne pathogen.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽  
Anan Safwat ◽  
Rana Nofal ◽  
Amera Elsayed ◽  
Salsabil Makky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Food safety is very important in the food industry as most pathogenic bacteria can cause food-borne diseases and negatively affect public health. In the milk industry, contamination with Salmonella has always been a challenge, but the risks have dramatically increased as almost all bacteria now show resistance to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage to be used as a bactericidal agent against Salmonella in milk and dairy products. Here, phage ZCSE6 has been isolated from raw milk sample sand molecularly and chemically characterized. At different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001, the phage–Salmonella interaction was studied for 6 h at 37 °C and 24 h at 8 °C. In addition, ZCSE6 was tested against Salmonella contamination in milk to examine its lytic activity for 3 h at 37 °C. The results showed that ZCSE6 has a small genome size (<48.5 kbp) and belongs to the Siphovirus family. Phage ZCSE6 revealed a high thermal and pH stability at various conditions that mimic milk manufacturing and supply chain conditions. It also demonstrated a significant reduction in Salmonella concentration in media at various MOIs, with higher bacterial eradication at higher MOI. Moreover, it significantly reduced Salmonella growth (MOI 1) in milk, manifesting a 1000-fold decrease in bacteria concentration following 3 h incubation at 37 °C. The results highlighted the strong ability of ZCSE6 to kill Salmonella and control its growth in milk. Thus, ZCSE6 is recommended as a biocontrol agent in milk to limit bacterial growth and increase the milk shelf-life.

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis in chicken carcasses and giblets in Southern Chile

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Ulloa ◽  
Mario Gonzalez ◽  
Carlos Hernandez ◽  
Maria Paz Villanueva ◽  
Heriberto Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Raw Poultry

Background: Gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp. is mainly related to the consumption of undercooked chicken meat or raw poultry products. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in chicken carcasses and giblets commercialized in Southern Chile (Valdivia city). Methodology: A total of 560 samples were collected from four supermarkets and one poultry products dealer, during two periods (autumn-winter and spring-summer periods), and analysed for Salmonella using standard bacteriological procedures. Results: Five out of 280 analyzed carcasses (1.8%) and one out of 280 (0.4%) chicken giblets were Salmonella positive. The isolation frequency of Salmonella spp. considering the total samples analyzed was 1.1%. Salmonella Enteritidis was the only serotype isolated. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in the isolation rates between the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods were found. Conclusion: Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated in low frequency from chicken carcasses and giblets commercialized in Southern Chile (Valdivia city); however, in spite of the low frequency of contaminated samples, this kind of food could be a potential vehicle of Salmonella infection to humans.

scholarly journals Serogroups, Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Cold Smoked Meat Products and Sprouted Grains in Latvia

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-297
Author(s):  
Alise Jakovele ◽  
Vizma Nikolajeva ◽  
Jūlija Trofimova ◽  
Natalja Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks

Abstract Although the information available on pathogenic Escherichia coli is in abundance, foodborne outbreaks are still a major problem. The aim of this study was to describe E. coli strains isolated from cold smoked meat products (37 samples) and sprouted grains (35 samples), to evaluate their virulence potential (vtx1, vtx2; eaeA), to determine serogroups and antibiotic resistance in Latvia. From the isolates tested 66 samples (91.7%) contained none of the virulence genes, 6 samples (8.3%) contained the eaeA gene, and two samples (2.8%) contained eaeA and vtx1 genes. Eleven samples (29.7%) isolated from meat products belonged to serogroups O103, O121, O145, O142, and O26. Six strains contained the eaeA gene, and four of them belonged to serogroup O103, one to O145, and one to O26. Two strains that additional to eaeA gene were also positive to vtx1 belonged to verotoxigenic O26. 31 samples (88.6%) isolated from sprouted grains belonged to serogroups O103 and O121; however, none of the strains contained any of the virulence genes. From strains isolated from meat products 46.0% were resistant to one to three antibiotics, but all isolates from sprouted grains were susceptible. Two strains showed multi-resistance and also contained the mcr-1 gene that encodes resistance to colistin.

Isolation and characterization of a virulent bacteriophage for controlling Salmonella enteritidis growth in ready-to-eat mixed-ingredient salads

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
wenyuan zhou ◽  
Si-fan Sun ◽  
Yuan-song Zhang ◽  
Qin Hu ◽  
Xiang-feng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Recently, ready-to-eat vegetable salads have gained popularity worldwide. However, the microbial safety of ready-to-eat salads is a health concern, primarily due to Salmonella enteritidis contamination during the growing, harvesting, processing, and handling of produce. This study aimed to develop a bacteriophage-based strategy to control S. enteritidis growth in mixed-ingredient salads. A lytic Salmonella-specific phage SapYZU01 was isolated from a soil sample from a suburban vegetable field in Yangzhou, China. SapYZU01 exhibited characteristics such as a short latent period, a large burst size, and a lytic effect against 13 S. enteritidis strains isolated from various sources (human, pork, deli, chicken, and chicken meat). The SapYZU01 genome did not contain virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. SapYZU01 significantly decreased the viability of S. enteritidis cells in iceberg lettuce, chicken meat, and mixed-ingredient (lettuce+chicken) salads at 37 and 25 °C. Furthermore, bacterial counts in the salad decreased significantly (by 4.0 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g) at 25 °C upon treatment of contaminated lettuce with SapYZU01 at an MOI of 100 prior to salad preparation. Bacterial counts were decreased by 3.8 log CFU/g at 25 °C in (lettuce+chicken) salads treated with SapYZU01 at an MOI of 100 after the salad preparation. In contrast, treating cooked chicken meat with SapYZU01 at an MOI of 100 before mixing it with contaminated lettuce decreased the bacterial count of the salad by 1.2 log CFU/g at 25 °C. These findings indicate the potential application of SapYZU01 as a natural biocontrol agent against S. enteritidis in mixed-ingredient salads. Furthermore, the application of lytic bacteriophage SapYZU01 in mix-ingredient salads should considered the bacteriophage treatment method in addition to the bacteriophage concentration.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF MULTI–DRUG RESISTANT SALMONELLA FROM MILK AND MEAT IN BANGLADESH

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rahman ◽  
A. K. M. A. Rahman ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. M. Alam
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Agar Media

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk, chicken meat and beef and to determine the multi-drug resistance (MDR) profile of Salmonella spp. in Mymensingh and Gazipur districts, Bangladesh. A total of 169 samples of milk (n=108), chicken meat (n=51) and beef (n=10) were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) dairy farm, American dairy farm, Gazipur and different  small dairy farms of municipal area during July 2016 to June 2017. Salmonella spp. were isolated on various selective agar media such as: Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Xylose-Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar, Eosine-Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. Identification of Salmonella spp. was done by colony characteristics, Gram staining, biochemical test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Multi-drug resistant Salmonella spp. was detected by disc diffusion test using 10 commonly used antibiotics. The overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. in all food samples was 21.89%. A total of 29 (56.86%) chicken meat, 02 (1.85%) milk, and 06 (60%) beef samples were Salmonella spp. positive. Antibiogram study showed that an overall 89.19% of Salmonella spp. was found multi-drug resistant. Specifically 100%, 66.67% and 93.10% of the Salmonella spp. isolates originated from milk, beef and chicken meat respectively were multi-drug resistant. The result of this study suggests that MDR Salmonella spp. is prevalent in the milk and meat which might cause public health hazard if proper hygienic measures are not undertaken at farm and marketing level.

Saprophytic and Pathogenic Bacteria Levels in Turkish Soud-jouks Manufactured in Erzurum, Turkey1

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. GOKALP ◽  
H. YETIM ◽  
M. KAYA ◽  
H. W. OCKERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

In Turkey, spicy, typically dry, fermented sausage (soudjouk) is one of the most popular processed meat products. In this study, 42 soudjouk samples were collected from the eight manufacturers in Erzurum, Turkey. These samples were evaluated for aerobic plate count (APC) at 37 and 25°C, psychrotrophic, coliform, Escherichia coli, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus counts and presence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. Generally, all the samples had very high counts of most of the bacteria enumerated. In two samples of the 42, Shigella spp. was found and one of them was Shigella boydii. None of the samples yielded Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals Detection of virulence-associated genes in Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from chicken in South of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Borges ◽  
Thales Q. Furian ◽  
Anderlise Borsoi ◽  
Hamilton L.S. Moraes ◽  
Carlos T.P. Salle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Salmonella spp. are considered the main agents of foodborne disease and Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the most frequently isolated serovars worldwide. The virulence of Salmonella spp. and their interaction with the host are complex processes involving virulence factors to overcome host defenses. The purpose of this study was to detect virulence genes in S. Enteritidis isolates from poultry in the South of Brazil. PCR-based assays were developed in order to detect nine genes (lpfA, agfA, sefA, invA, hilA, avrA, sopE, sivH and spvC) associated with the virulence in eighty-four isolates of S. Enteritidis isolated from poultry. The invA, hilA, sivH, sefA and avrA genes were present in 100% of the isolates; lpfA and sopE were present in 99%; agfA was present in 96%; and the spvC gene was present in 92%. It was possible to characterize the isolates with four different genetic profiles (P1, P2, P3 and P4), as it follows: P1, positive for all genes; P2, negative only for spvC; P3, negative for agfA; and P4, negative for lpfA, spvC and sopE. The most prevalent profile was P1, which was present in 88% of the isolates. Although all isolates belong to the same serovar, it was possible to observe variations in the presence of these virulence-associated genes between different isolates. The characterization of the mechanisms of virulence circulating in the population of Salmonella Enteritidis is important for a better understanding of its biology and pathogenicity. The frequency of these genes and the establishment of genetic profiles can be used to determine patterns of virulence. These patterns, associated with in vivo studies, may help develop tools to predict the ability of virulence of different strains.

scholarly journals Trade and safety issues of raw beef from the countryside of Bahia state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Permínio Oliveira Vidal Júnior ◽  
Ana Cláudia Rios Menezes ◽  
Lícia Milena Pereira Souza ◽  
Alaíse Gil Guimarães ◽  
Ryzia de Cassia Vieira Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Butcher Shops

Background: Brazil is one of the world's largest meat exporters. However, there is a paradox in this situation due to existing non-inspected meat trade and technical-sanitary failures in retail marketing. Design and methods: This study aimed at characterizing the issues of trade, food safety and quality of raw beef in the street market of a municipality in the state of Bahia. An exploratory, quantitative and census study was carried out, at 17 raw beef vending locations. A questionnaire was administered and meat samples were collected (n=34), which were submitted to a physicochemical assessment, color analysis and microbiological analyses.Results: Meat sellers were between 20 and 64 years of age, predominantly males (82.4%), with limited education and without professional training (64.7%). Medians for temperature and pH in the small butcher shops samples were 18.10ºC and 5.75 respectively, and 21.80ºC and 5.50, in small supermarkets samples. The difference in pH was significant (p<0.05). The filtration test suggested quality changes in 17.65% of the samples. No frauds were detected. Total coliform count medians were 4.90 and 4.78 log CFU/g, for the samples taken from butcher shops and supermarkets, respectively. E. coli was identified in approximately 40.0% of the samples. Salmonella spp. were confirmed in two samples collected in the butcher shops. There was a significant association between inadequate storage conditions and microorganism counts (p<0.02).Conclusions: The results evidenced a meat supply with preservation failures and non-compliance with hygiene requirements, constituting a consumers’ health hazard, not in line with an agro-exporting country model.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization Of Pathogenic Salmonella Spp From Raw Beef In Karachi, Pakistan

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Muhammad Altaf Hussain ◽  
Wan Wang ◽  
Changbao Sun ◽  
Liya Gu ◽  
Zhijing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Beef Muscles ◽  
Butcher Shops

The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella and investigate the dominant serovars distribution in raw beef and to screen the isolated serovars for the prescense of beta-lactamases and virulence genes. A total of 150 samples of raw beef sold at butcher shops (n = 75) and supermarkets (n = 75) in Karachi city were collected (50 samples each from muscles, lymph nodes, and minced beef). The samples were cultured according to the ISO-6579-1guidlines. The overall prevalence of Salmonella strains was found to be 21.34%. A total of 56 isolates of Salmonella belonging to four serogroups (Salmonella Pullorum, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Choleraesuis) were isolated from beef muscles (12%), lymph nodes (24%) and minced beef (28%) samples collected from butcher shops (av. 21.34%). No Salmonella was detected in beef samples collected from supermarkets. S. Enteritidis contamination was highest (37.5%), followed by S. Choleraesuis (30.4%), S. Pullorum (19.6%) and S. Typhimurium (12.5 %). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that Salmonella isolates were highly resistant to Oxytetracycline (90%), Ampicillin (90.5%), Amoxicillin (81.1%), Tetracycline (76%), Neomycin, (79.8%) and Ciprofloxacin (61.4%). The Salmonella isolates examined were more susceptible to the Cephalosporin antibiotics such as Cefixime (43.2%), Cefepime (48.2) and Cefoxitin (49.8%). PCR based screening of blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV revealed that blaCTX-M and blaTEM were the dominant resistant genes in S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium followed by S. Pullorum and S. Choleraesuis whereas blaSHV was the least detected beta-lactamase in Salmonella isolates. Virulence genes screening revealed that at least five genes were present in all the serovars, highest being present in S. Enteritidis (12/17) and S. Typhimurium (12/17). S. Cholerasuis (5/17) carried the least number of virulence genes followed by S. Pullorum (6/17). The present data suggest that beef samples from butcher shops of Karachi city are heavily contaminated with MDR Salmonella. The presence of resistance and virulence genes in MDR strains of Salmonella may play a significant role in transmission and development of Salmonella infection in humans.

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