scholarly journals EX-VIVO: ANTHELMINTIC EVALUATION OF BOMBAX CEIBA STEM EXTRACTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
Sukhbir Lal Khokra ◽  
Sonia Gogat ◽  
Rakesh Narang ◽  
Manish Devgun
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
And Control

Bombax ceiba plant belongs to bombacaceae family and is commonly known as Semal (Hindi) and Cotton tree (English). It has numerous effects like stimulant, astringent, haemostatic, diuretics, antidiarrhoeal, emeticand antipyretic. Major pharmacological activities reported in this plant are hypoglycemic, antianxiety, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory. Numerous side effects and increased resistance to anthelmintic drugs prompted us to discover cost effective safe formulation of conventional medicinal plants. In the present study, research work is focused to evaluate the possible anthelmintic effects of Bombax ceiba. To investigate anthelmintic potential of Bombax ceiba plant, different extracts from dried powder stem bark were tested on adult Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) having physiological & anatomical resemblance with human intestinal roundworm parasites. The drugs were divided in 14 groups consisting of test, standard and control. Each group was consisting of six Indian earthworms of approximately same size. Albendazole was used as standard drug while tween80 in normal saline (1:1) was used as control. The result data reveals that all extracts have significant anthelmintic activity as compared to Albendazole taken as standard drug. The methanolic extract at dose of 50 mg/ml concentration showed paralysis time 30±0.96 minutes and death 33.66±0.71 minutes, which is equivalent to standard drug values at dose of 20 mg/ml. Ethylacetate extract at dose of 50 mg/ml showed paralysis at 28.66±0.71 minutes and death at 34.16±1.10 minutes, which proves that it is even better than standard drug in terms of paralysis time and equipotent in terms of time taken for causing death. Thus among the extracts, ethylacetate and methanolic extracts showed maximum activity with least time taken for paralysis and death of earthworms and were found equally potent as Albendazole at a dose of 50 mg/ml. Thus, Bombax ceiba traditional use in helminitic infestation was proved scientifically. On comparing phytochemical evaluation with anthelmintic activity it is assumed that glycosides may be responsible for this activity. A further investigation may lead development of novel anthelmintic drug or formulation with anthelmintic activity.

scholarly journals Investigating CXCR4 expression of tumor cells and the vascular compartment: A multimodal approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260186
Author(s):  
Marta Braga ◽  
Chee Hau Leow ◽  
Javier Hernandez Gil ◽  
Jin H. Teh ◽  
Laurence Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Microvessel Density ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cxcr4 Expression ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Tumor Models ◽  
Chemokine Receptor 4 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vascular Compartment

The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is G protein-coupled receptor that upon binding to its cognate ligand, can lead to tumor progression. Several CXCR4-targeted therapies are currently under investigation, and with it comes the need for imaging agents capable of accurate depiction of CXCR4 for therapeutic stratification and monitoring. PET agents enjoy the most success, but more cost-effective and radiation-free approaches such as ultrasound (US) imaging could represent an attractive alternative. In this work, we developed a targeted microbubble (MB) for imaging of vascular CXCR4 expression in cancer. A CXCR4-targeted MB was developed through incorporation of the T140 peptide into the MB shell. Binding properties of the T140-MB and control, non-targeted MB (NT-MB) were evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells where CXCR4 expression was knocked-down (via shRNA) through optical imaging, and in the lymphoma tumor models U2932 and SuDHL8 (high and low CXCR4 expression, respectively) by US imaging. PET imaging of [18F]MCFB, a tumor-penetrating CXCR4-targeted small molecule, was used to provide whole-tumor CXCR4 readouts. CXCR4 expression and microvessel density were performed by immunohistochemistry analysis and western blot. T140-MB were formed with similar properties to NT-MB and accumulated sensitively and specifically in cells according to their CXCR4 expression. In NOD SCID mice, T140-MB persisted longer in tumors than NT-MB, indicative of target interaction, but showed no difference between U2932 and SuDHL8. In contrast, PET imaging with [18F]MCFB showed a marked difference in tumor uptake at 40–60 min post-injection between the two tumor models (p<0.05). Ex vivo analysis revealed that the large differences in CXCR4 expression between the two models are not reflected in the vascular compartment, where the MB are restricted; in fact, microvessel density and CXCR4 expression in the vasculature was comparable between U2932 and SuDHL8 tumors. In conclusion, we successfully developed a T140-MB that can be used for imaging CXCR4 expression in the tumor vasculature.

Evaluation of Anti-Fertility Property of Lawsonia Inermis L. (Lythraceae) Roots in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
CT Samagoro ◽  
A Agunu ◽  
H Nuhu ◽  
Z Mohammed ◽  
EM Abdurrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethinyl Estradiol ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
And Control

Traditional contraceptive practices and use of medicinal plants is a common occurrence in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Lawsonia inermis L. (Lythraceae) roots which is the most frequently used anti-fertility agent was evaluated in rats. Apparently healthy female and male Wistar rats were used. Pre-implantation and mating ratio, determinations of implantation sites and Corpora lutea were also conducted. The effects of extract on weight of the rats were also determined. There were loss of implantation sites and decrease in body weight. The number of implantation sites showed dose–response relationship significantly (p£0.05) among the doses of extract and to standard drug (ethinyl estradiol). There was also significant (p£0.05) difference observed in the number of Corpora lutea in all experimental and control groups. Similarly, there was significant (p£0.05) difference observed in all the experimental and control groups on percentage pre-implantation loss. The plant extract exhibit anti-fertility effects. The finding may explain the traditional use of the plant as antifertility agent.Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Contraception, Methanol Extract, L. inermis Root, Medicinal Plants

scholarly journals ARGINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF CAESALPINIA TORTUOSA ROXB

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Amirah Najid ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Arikadia Noviani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the arginase inhibitory activity of Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. stem bark extracts.Methods: C. tortuosa Roxb. stem bark extracts were obtained through reflux extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol and theirinhibitory activity against arginase was measured using a microplate reader at 430 nm. Active extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysisand based on the qualitative phytochemical analysis, quantitative data regarding flavonoid and phenolic contents were obtained. The total flavonoidcontent of active extracts was determined using AlCl3 colorimetric method, and the phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method.Results: Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. tortuosa Roxb. inhibited activity of arginase with IC50 values of 33.81 and 11.58 μg/mL,respectively, nor-NOHA acetate as standard drug inhibited arginase with IC50 values of I3.77 μg/mL. Both active extracts contained saponins,tannins, and flavonoids. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed a total flavonoid content of 7.41 mgQE/g and 5.05 mgQE/g and totalphenolic content of 27.55 mgGE/g and 17.16 mgGE/g, respectively. Methanol extracts had a higher inhibitory activity than ethyl acetateextracts despite having flavonoid and phenolic content, thereby suggesting no correlation between arginase inhibitory activity and flavonoidor phenolic content.Conclusion: Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of C. tortuosa Roxb. stem barks containing flavonoids, tannins, and saponins displayed arginaseinhibitory activity, and no correlation was observed between arginase inhibitory activity and flavonoid and phenolic content.

Antisickling Activity of the Fresh and Dried Roots of Cissus populnea Guill. Et Perr (Vitaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
EM Adebayo ◽  
AA Adeyemi ◽  
OO Omotade ◽  
FA Fasola ◽  
TO Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug

Research into plants with claimed traditional use in the management of sickle cell anaemia constitutes a useful research strategy in the search for new antisickling drugs and templates. The root of Cissus populnea has been used traditionally in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD). Phytochemical screening of the fresh and powdered sample of the root of C. populnea (CP) was done using standard methods followed by in vitro antisickling evaluation of extracts, solvent-partitioned fraction (ethylacetate) and the vacuum liquid chromatographic fractions (VLC) of the fresh and dried roots of C. populnea with sodium metabisulphite induced sickling of HbSS erythrocytes. p-hydroxybenzoic acid and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The result of this study showed that the extracts and solvent partitioned fraction (ethylacetate) from the root of CP have antisickling property with a higher activity for the ethylacetate partitioned fraction of the dried roots compared to that of the fresh roots. The VLC fractions exhibited higher activity than the crude extracts; fraction 3 (FR3) had the maximum activity of 96.4% while 88.6% activity was demonstrated for the standard drug (PABA) at an incubation time of 45 min. This study has thus provided scientific evidence for the traditional use of CP in the management of SCD.Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Cissus populnea, Antisickling Activity

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Molding Technology: Recent Advances and Potential Applications in the Medical Industry

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heredia-Rivera ◽  
Ferrer ◽  
Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Medical Industry ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Molded Parts ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Replication Technique ◽  
And Control

Recently, ultrasonic molding (USM) has emerged as a promising replication technique for low and medium volume production of miniature and micro-scale parts. In a relatively short time cycle, ultrasonic molding can process a wide variety of polymeric materials without any noticeable thermal degradation into cost-effective molded parts. This research work reviews recent breakthroughs of the ultrasonic injection molding and ultrasonic compression molding process regarding the equipment and tooling development, materials processing and potential applications in the medical industry. The discussion is centered on the challenges of industrializing this technology, pointing out the need for improvement of the current process’s robustness and repeatability. Among the most important research areas that were identified are the processing of novel engineered and nanomaterials, the understanding and control of the ultrasonic plasticization process and the tooling and equipment development.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Extract of Antiaris Africana Stem Bark on Phagocytic Activities of Human Neutrophil Ex-Vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim O. Bello ◽  
Adebayo L. Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foreign Object ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACTThe immune system is one of the most complex biological systems in the body. During infection, the immune system is under attack by a large number of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. Immune response firstly involves, recognition of the pathogen or foreign object and secondly, a reaction to eliminate it. Aqueous extract of Antiaris africana is used to study their immune modulator activity. This plant has its various parts used in folk medicines. The mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this research work studies the effect of aqueous extract of Antiaris Africana stem bark on phagocytic activities of neutrophil isolated from apparently healthy individual using a non-subjective commercial colourimetric assay kit obtained from Cell-Biolab Inc., USA. The purity and viability of isolated neutrophils were >90% and >95% respectively. The extract enhances neutrophil phagocytosis at 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0 and 25 μg/ml by 2.5%, 11.6%, 18.4%, 24.4%, 31.2% and 38.2% respectively, compared to the control (100%). Hence, it was observed that neutrophil phagocytosis increases with increased extract concentrations. It can be concluded from the study that enhancement of phagocytosis may be the possible mechanism of action of the plant as an immune modulator.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF MAYTENUS EMARGINATA STEM BARK ON INDIAN ADULT EARTHWORM

2019 ◽  
pp. 400-403
Author(s):  
UMESH PRABHAKAR JOSHI ◽  
RAJENDRA DAYARAM WAGH
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Alternative Source

Objective: The development of anthelmintic activity and the high cost of synthetic anthelmintic drugs it leads to the evaluation of medicinal plants as an alternative source of anthelmintics. In the current study, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine the possible anthelmintic effects of crude methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of the stem bark of Maytenus emarginata on eggs and adult Pheretima posthuma and Ascaridia galli. Methods: Three concentrations (10, 25, and 50 mg/ml) of methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts of plant M. emarginata were studied in activity which involved the determination of the time of paralysis (called as vermifuge) and time of death (called as vermicidal) of the worms. Piperazine citrate in same concentration as those of extract was included as standard reference and normal saline water with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose as control. Results: The methanolic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Peak activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg/ml. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present study have shown that M. emarginata contain possible anthelmintic compounds and further evaluation of these plants should be carried out. The traditional use of anthelmintic activity of this plant is genuine.

scholarly journals Investigation of In-Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Tylophora Indica Leaves Against Haemonchus Contortus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhadde Gurunath S ◽  
◽  
Mali Hanmant S ◽  
Sapate Rohit B ◽  
Vakhariya Rohan R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Tylophora Indica ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

In current study of natural antiparasiticin-vitroanthelmintic activity of methanolic extracts of Tylophoraindica leaves against Haemonchus contortusconducted. This study was conducted by preparing the plant extract in methanol by using maceration process. This methanolic extract of Tylophoraindica exhibited greater anthelminthic activity, thismethanolic extract resulted 100% mortality after 6 hours exposure at 50 mg/ml of concentration, the 90% of mortality shows after 6 hours exposure at the concentration of 25 mg/ml and 80% of mortality shows after exposure 6 hours at 12.5 mg/ml concentration. In the presence of albendazole (used as a reference standard drug)100 percent of worm mortality observed within 4 hours. After Post-exposureworm mortality was not found in phosphate buffer solution. Leading to the nature of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids etc., the extract shows greater worm mortality operation.

Conventional and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 3-(Substituted)-2-phenyl quinazolin-4(3H)-one and their Antibacterial and Anthelmintic Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1408-1411
Author(s):  
Subal Debnath ◽  
S Y Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Quinazolinone Derivatives

 The present research work was aimed to synthesize a series of various substituted quinazolinone containing 3-(substituted)-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one.  The compound 3-[(2-oxo-4-phenylazetidin-1-yl)-carbonyl]-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, II was prepared by treating 4-oxo-2-phenyl-N-[(E)-phenylmethylidene]quinazoline-3(4H)-carboxamide, I with acetyl chloride and triethylamine (TEA) in benzene by conventional and microwave irradiation method. Synthesis of 3-[{2-oxo-3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-4-phenylazetidin-carbonyl]-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one, III was carried out by reacting, I with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and thionyl chloride in benzene. The compound 2-phenyl-3-(5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one, IV was obtained by reacting I with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol. Synthesis of 2-phenyl-3-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-quinazolin-4(3H)-one, V was done by reacting I with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ethanol. These derivatives were prepared by microwave as well as the conventional method. Structure of the compounds has been established by means of IR, 1H-NMR and MS. All the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli. Most of the compounds showed significant antibacterial activities when compared with the standard drug ciprofloxacin at the concentration of 500 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml.  In this research work, in vitro anthelmintic activity of 3-(substituted)-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one carried out in comparison with piperazine citrate. These newly synthesized quinazolinone derivatives showed paralysis and were followed by death at concentrations of 10 mg/ml for the screening of the anthelmintic activity.  

scholarly journals Assessment of Anthelmintic Property and Insilico study of phytocompounds in roots of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raveesha Peeriga ◽  
Keerthi Priyanka Adarapu ◽  
Kavya Sri Sanivar ◽  
Jyothsna Kanumuri ◽  
Rikith Swamy Akunuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Death Time ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background:Worm infections in developing countries were reported high. Phytoconstituents have been a vital role for the treatment of many ailments. The current study was aimed assess for anthelmintic activity of different root extracts of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn. belongs to the family Ebanaceae against Pheretima posthuma. Further Insilico study was carried out for phytocompounds present in Dechaschistia. Results: The chloroform, ethylacetate and ethanol extract of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn. were considered for the study of anthelmintic property on earthworms at concentrations 20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml. During this study, the parameters paralysis time (Pt) and Death Time (Dt) of adult Indian earthworms was observed. As a standard and control Albendazole 10 mg/ml and 2% Tween 80 in distilled water were taken respectively. The study resulted that ethanolic extract was significant when compared with the Albendazole 10 mg/ml. Docking studies revealed the all phytocompounds in Dechaschistia shown binding affinity, however comparatively scopoletin and stigmasterol had shown a good binding affinitiy about -7.7 Kcal/mol and -7.6 Kcal/mol compared to standard drug Albendazole which was shown about -8.7 Kcal/mol. Conclusion: The study revealed that the ethanol extract of Dechaschistia crotonifolia Wight & Arn. at a concentration of 60mg/ml exhibited a stronger anthelmintic property compared to Albendazole 10mg/ml. A dose dependent anthelmintic activity is exerted by all the extracts in an ascending manner Chloroform<Ethyl acetate<Ethanol. These observations were made evidenced by docking studies of phytocompounds in Dechaschistia as the phytocompounds were shown excellent docking score when compared with standard Albendazole.

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