scholarly journals Lethality by COVID-19 in children: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Andrade ◽  
Joel Lamounier ◽  
Taynara Paiva ◽  
Priscila Leite ◽  
Emylle Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Keywords Children ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of deceased pediatric patients with COVID-19. METHODS: It was performed an integrative literature review with the keywords “children”, “COVID-19” and “death” and the boolean “AND” on the databases SciELO, PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Embase and ScienceDirect. The results were filtered by publication date (January 1st to June 30th) and by language (Portuguese, English and Spanish). The inclusion criteria were: articles with proven or probable pediatric COVID-19 cases and full text in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Articles with no full text available in the above-mentioned languages, non-pediatric population and editorials were excluded. Brazilian data were analyzed based on epidemiological reports from each state of the country. RESULTS: 24 articles were analyzed, with a total of 17 deaths among pediatric COVID-19 patients. There was no data available about age of 9 patients and about comorbidities of 14 patients. Brazil had 357 pediatric deaths and 182 of them were on the age group 0-9 years. The most frequent comorbidities were heart disease and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low distribution of deaths among pediatric COVID-19 patients, it is important to point out that they are still carriers of the disease.

scholarly journals Paranasal Mass in a Healthy Male Toddler

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110079
Author(s):  
Melonie Anne Phillips ◽  
Meredith Lind ◽  
Gerd McGwire ◽  
Diana Rodriguez ◽  
Suzanna Logan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Benign Mass

Head and neck tumors are rare in pediatric patients but should be kept in the differential when a patient presents with a new swelling or mass. One of these tumors is a myxoma, which is an insidiously growing, benign mass originating from the mesenchyme. They most commonly arise in the myocardium but can also develop in facial structures, particularly in the maxilla and mandible. When arising in facial structures, ocular, respiratory, and digestive systems can be affected based on local invasion. Complete surgical resection is curative but can lead to significant morbidity as well. Here, we present a case of a 15-month-old toddler presenting with a paranasal mass, which was ultimately diagnosed as a maxillary myxoma. This tumor is very rare in the pediatric population, especially in the toddler age-group, reminding clinicians to broaden the differential diagnosis when a patient’s course is atypical.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Antiepileptic Drug Serum Concentrations in Pediatric Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas O. Dillman ◽  
Mindl M. Messinger ◽  
Kimberly N. Dinh ◽  
Jennifer L. Placencia ◽  
Brady S. Moffett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Dosing Strategies

OBJECTIVES Patients supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have an increased incidence of seizures. Phenobarbital (PB) and fosphenytoin (fos-PHT) are common antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used to manage seizures in the pediatric population; however, it is unknown what effect ECMO has on the serum concentrations of AEDs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ECMO on AED serum concentrations. METHODS A retrospective, matched-cohort study was performed in patients younger than 18 years who received ECMO and were treated with intravenous (IV) PB or fos-PHT at Texas Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2014. Patients receiving IV AED therapy and ECMO were matched, based on age, sex, and weight, with patients receiving IV AED therapy without ECMO. The 24-hour cumulative AED dose, serum concentrations, number of doses per serum concentration drawn ratio, volume of distribution, therapeutic serum concentrations, and time to therapeutic serum concentration were compared between both groups. The fos-PHT and PB groups were analyzed in all patients and in neonates only. RESULTS Fourteen patients met inclusion criteria. The fos-PHT neonatal (20.1 vs 11.3 mg/kg/day, p = 0.044), PB composite (33.9 vs 21.6 mg/kg/day, p = 0.012), and PB neonatal (40.3 vs 20 mg/kg/day, p = 0.04) had larger 24-hour cumulative doses compared with non-ECMO patients. Lower serum concentrations were observed in the PB composite ECMO group (19.1 vs 35.4 mg/L, p < 0.001) and the PB neonatal ECMO group (20.5 vs 27.8 mg/L, p = 0.01) compared with non-ECMO patients. CONCLUSION Pediatric patients receiving PB on ECMO and neonatal patients receiving fos-PHT on ECMO required larger doses, and in pediatric patients achieved lower serum concentrations, suggesting the necessity for alternative dosing strategies in these populations.

scholarly journals Opioid Prescribing Patterns for Low Back Pain Among Commercially Insured Children

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej D Azad ◽  
Michael D Harries ◽  
Daniel Vail ◽  
Yi Jonathan Zhang ◽  
John K Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Opioid Prescribing

Abstract INTRODUCTION Low back pain (LBP) may affect up to 20% of the pediatric population. No specific guidelines exist regarding pharmacotherapy for acute LBP in the pediatric population. Given this observation and the lack of data available regarding pharmacotherapy for pediatric LBP, we sought to characterize patterns of opioid prescribing in the pediatric population. METHODS We used a national database to identify pediatric patients (age 5-17) with newly diagnosed with LBP between 2008 and 2015 who did not have a red flag diagnosis, had not received an opioid prescription in the 6 mo prior to diagnosis, and had 12-mo of continuous enrollment after diagnosis. We used logistic regression to model the association between sex, geographic region, categorical age, and our primary outcome, receipt of an opioid prescription in the year following diagnosis. RESULTS Our sample included 268 228 opioid-naïve pediatric patients diagnosed with LBP between 2008 and 2015. We observed that 47 631 (17.8%) patients received physical therapy, 29 903 (11.2%) patients received chiropractic manipulative therapy, 658 (0.25%) patients received epidural steroid injection, and 281 (0.10%) patients received surgery. A total of 35 274 (13.2%) pediatric LBP patients were prescribed opioids within 12 mo from their diagnosis. Opioid prescribing decreased in all age groups over the study period age group 5 to 9 decreased from 4.2% to 2.7%, age group 10 to 14 decreased from 10.3% to 7.7%, and age group 15 to 18 yr decreased from 20.9% to 17.1%. Female pediatric patients were more likely than male patients to receive an opioid prescription (OR, 1.12, P < .0001). Patients ages 10 to 14 (OR, 2.89, P < .0001) and 15 to 18 (OR, 6.98, P < .0001) were significantly more likely to be prescribed opioids compared to patients in the youngest age group. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report the first observational cohort study of opioids and LBP in the pediatric population. Our findings indicate that opioids are being used for newly diagnosed LBP and receipt of opioids are associated with patient demographic factors.

Analysis of Warfarin Therapy in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study of 319 Patients

Blood ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 3007-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Streif ◽  
M. Andrew ◽  
V. Marzinotto ◽  
P. Massicotte ◽  
A.K.C. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Fontan Patients

Abstract This study details warfarin use in a large pediatric population followed in a central anticoagulation clinic. A prospective, consecutive cohort of nonselected children were studied. Patients were divided into groups by age, target international normalized ratio (INR) range, disease, medications, and vitamin K supplemented enteral nutrition use. Groups were analyzed on multiple aspects of warfarin therapy using multivariate methods. A total of 319 patients received 352 warfarin courses representing 391 treatment years. Age independently influenced all aspects of therapy. When compared with all older children, the ≤1 year of age group required increased warfarin doses, longer overlap with heparin, longer time to achieve target INR ranges, more frequent INR testing and dose adjustments, and fewer INR values in the target range. Although significantly different than children ≤1 year, children 1 to 6 years of age showed the same findings when compared with 7- to 18-year-olds. Fontan patients required 25% decreased dosage as compared with other congenital heart disease patients. Children on corticosteroids had less INRs in the target range and children on phenobarbital/carbamazepine required increased maintenance dosages of warfarin. Also, patients receiving enteral nutrition required increased dosages of warfarin. Serious bleeding occurred in 2 children (0.5% per patient year). Recurrent thromboembolic events (TEs) occurred in 8 children. Two children had recurrences while receiving warfarin (1.3% per patient year). This study outlines the profound effect of age and relative complexity of clinical management of warfarin therapy in children.

scholarly journals Pediatric Isolated Sinonasal Schwannoma: A New Case Report and Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Hui Ma ◽  
Hai-Chun Zhou ◽  
Can Lai ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Xuan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Group A

Schwannomas of the paranasal sinus are uncommon. Less than 4% of schwannomas involve the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, even less in the pediatric age group. A case of schwannoma arising in maxillary sinus in a 2.5-year-old Chinese boy is reported. The basis for discussion of this case is the exceptional rarity of sinonasal schwannoma in pediatric patients.

An institutional series and literature review of pial arteriovenous fistulas in the pediatric population

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Madsen ◽  
Shih-Shan Lang ◽  
Jared M. Pisapia ◽  
Phillip B. Storm ◽  
Robert W. Hurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Object Pial arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are a rare form of cerebrovascular disease that tend to be overrepresented in the pediatric population. There have been limited studies of the clinical features and outcomes in this group of patients. Here, the authors attempt to better delineate this clinical entity with institutional cases and a review of the literature. Methods A retrospective review of cases at our institution was performed to identify all pediatric patients treated for a PAVF between 2000 and 2012. Results Five patients treated for a PAVF were identified. Patients had a mean age of 1.9 years at diagnosis, and the most common presenting symptoms were seizure and macrocephaly. Patients were treated primarily with embolization, and 3 patients required both N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue and coiling. Four of the patients had complete obliteration of the PAVF and had a pediatric overall performance category score of either 1 (n = 3) or 2 (n = 1) at follow-up. There was 1 death due to heart failure. Analysis of the literature review suggested that a younger age or presence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or congestive heart failure (CHF) at presentation likely predicts a worse prognosis. Older patients presented more often with ICH, whereas younger patients presented significantly more often in CHF. The majority of pediatric patients reported on in the literature were treated with endovascular embolization, most commonly with NBCA glue alone. Most patients (65.4%) in the literature had an excellent outcome without neurological deficit. Conclusions Pial AVFs represent a serious yet rare form of cerebrovascular disease. Pediatric patients with ICH or CHF at presentation or those who are very young are likely to have a worse prognosis. Endovascular management of these patients has greatly changed the natural history of this disease, but the complication and mortality rates suggest the need for continued insights and advances in treatment.

scholarly journals Moyamoya disease in pediatric patients: outcomes of neurosurgical interventions

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. E16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Veeravagu ◽  
Raphael Guzman ◽  
Chirag G. Patil ◽  
Lewis C. Hou ◽  
Marco Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Revascularization Procedures

✓Neurosurgical interventions for moyamoya disease (MMD) in pediatric patients include direct, indirect, and combined revascularization procedures. Each technique has shown efficacy in the treatment of pediatric MMD; however, no single study has demonstrated the superiority of one technique over another. In this review, the authors explore the various studies focused on the use of these techniques for MMD in the pediatric population. They summarize the results of each study to clearly depict the clinical outcomes achieved at each institution that had utilized direct, indirect, or combined techniques. In certain studies, multiple techniques were used, and the clinical or radiological outcomes were compared accordingly. Direct techniques have been shown to aid a reduction in perioperative strokes and provide immediate revascularization to ischemic areas; however, these procedures are technically challenging, and not all pediatric patients are appropriate candidates. Indirect techniques have also shown efficacy in the pediatric population but may require a longer period for revascularization to occur and perfusion deficits to be reversed. The authors concluded that the clinical efficacy of one technique over another is still unclear, as most studies have had small populations and the same outcome measures have not been applied. Authors who compared direct and indirect techniques noted approximately equal clinical outcomes with differences in radiological findings. Additional, larger studies are needed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for the pediatric age group.

scholarly journals Prevalence Proportion of Patient with Coronary Heart Disease in Inpatient Room of RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya in 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Faradila Budi Saputri ◽  
Dyah Fauziah ◽  
Esti Hindariati
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Proportion

Introduction: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of heart disease that causes death. It occurs as a result of hardening of the coronary arteries which supply oxigen-rich blood to the entire heart muscle so that the heart can contract properly. However, many patients neglect the symptoms. Moreover, the risk factor and the comorbides disease worsen the condition. This research aims to study the profile of coronary heart disease patients in the inpatient rooms at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2017.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional and retrospective study by assessing patients’ medical record and analyzed descriptively.Results: From total 587, 263 patiens met inclusion criteria, aged between 51-60 years (42.6%) with domination of male (82,13%). %). Risk Factors are into one of the Comorbidities of CHD Patient. There are Risk Factor can be aggravate of CHD Patients. Most of subjects had risk factor hipertension (50,79%), and hypertension with DM (38,7%). Hypertension based on systolic pressure and diastolic pressure obtained that systolic pressure <120 mmhg was 39.6% and diastolic pressure <80 was 37.4%.Conclusion: Most of CHD patients in this study were in age group 51 – 60 years old, male, had risk factor hypertension and DM.

scholarly journals An Integrative Literature Review on Pain Alleviation Interventions for Hospitalized Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-266
Author(s):  
Haeryun Cho ◽  
Jungmin Lee ◽  
Shin-Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Electronic Search

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review pain alleviation intervention for Korean pediatric inpatients with reference to Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort. Methods: Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methods were used. Articles published in Korean or English were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly web sites. Scientific, peer-reviewed articles published between 2006 and 2019 were included in this review. Twenty-seven articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: Among the 27 selected studies, three were descriptive, while 24 were interventional studies related to pain alleviation interventions. Pain alleviation interventions showed three attributes: identifying pain triggers and the child’s response to pain, effective strategies for pain relief, and nurses’ competence in pain management. Conclusion: The three attributes of pain alleviation interventions using the theory of comfort shown in this study were identified as important factors for obtaining evidence-based data on how to enhance the comfort of hospitalized pediatric patients. In addition, the attributes of pain alleviation interventions should be considered for hospitalized pediatric patients and their family members.

scholarly journals LITERATURE REVIEW INHALASI AROMATERAPI PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS YANG MENGALAMI KECEMASAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzal Mortin Andas ◽  
Muhamad Luthfi Alfian
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Background: In hemodial therapy can cause various kinds of problems, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety becomes a common problem, the results of studies in patients undergoing hemodialysis showed 183 patients (100%) experienced anxiety. One therapy for overcoming anxiety is aromatherapy inhalation therapy. Purpose: The study of this literature aims to determine the effect of aromatherapy inhalation on hemodialysis patients with anxiety problems. Method: In this scientific paper is a literature review search using electronic databases namely google schoolar and pubmed. The keywords used with search are hemodialysis or hemodialysis, aromatherapy or aromatherapy and anxiety or anxiety. inclusion criteria used in the article are accessible full text, no pay available in English and Indonesian. The number of journals used is limited to the last 10 years, results are found 1 journal from google schoolar and 4 pubmed, of 5 articles discussing the effectiveness of inhalation aromatherapy for decreased anxiety in hemodialysis patients. Results: From the literature review results from the 5 articles show that inhalation aromatherapy is effective in reducing anxiety levels in hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: the results of a literature review review show that aromatherapy inhalation can reduce anxiety in hemodialysis patients.

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