scholarly journals ANALISIS EFEK KARBON DIOKSIDA (CO2) TERHADAP KENAIKAN TEMPERATUR DI BUKIT KOTOTABANGTAHUN 2005 – 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Dwi Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Main Factor

Analysis of radiative forcing of carbon dioxide (CO2) by using IPCC (Intergovermental on Panel Climate Change) method over Bukit Kototabang (Agam, West Sumatera) for period of 2005 to 2009 has been conducted. The result is correlated with temperature deviation which measured by using AWS (Automatic Weather Station). Result showed that CO2 concentration increased from 375.256 ppm in 2005 to 381.736 ppm in 2009 but still below the global CO2 concentration in every year. In addition, CO2 radiative forcing has derived increased from 1.605 Wm-2 in 2005 to 1.697 Wm-2 in 2009 but still below the global CO2 radiative forcing. Concentration of CO2 has the same trend with CO2 radiative forcing. Temperature deviation was influenced by CO2 radiative forcing but with low correlation coefficient, about 6.9%. It can be concluded that the CO2 radiative forcing is not the main factor which is influences the temperature deviation in Bukit Kototabang.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KORELASI RADIATIVE FORCING METANA (CH4) DENGAN PERUBAHAN TEMPERATUR DI KOTOTABANG TAHUN 2004 � 2009

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dwi Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Automatic Weather Station ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Calculation Results

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan perhitungan radiative forcing gas Metana (CH4) menggunakan konsentrasi (CH4) dari tahun 2004 2009 di Kototabang dengan menggunakan metode Intergovernmental on Panel Climate Change (IPCC). Hasil perhitungan kemudian dikorelasikan dengan selisih temperatur yang merupakan data bulanan temperatur permukaan Kototabang dikurangi dengan temperatur rata-rata selama 6 tahun pengukuran. Temperatur permukaan diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen Automatic Weather station (AWS) yang ada di stasiun GAW Kototabang. Dari hasil analisi diperoleh nilai radiatve forcing mengalami peningkatan dari 0,24338 Wm-2pada tahun 2004 menjadi 0,246221 Wm-2 pada tahun 2009. Hal ini menunjukkan lebih banyak energi radiasi matahari yang diserap daripada yang diemisikan (Positive feedback). Tetapi hasil korelasi radiative forcing CH4 dengan selisih temperatur memiliki koefisien determinasi yang rendah yaitu 0,0047. Hal ini karena perubahan temperatur di Kototabang yang tercatat di AWS bukan hanya dipengaruhi oleh nilai konsentrasi metana saja tapi juga oleh aerosol, awan, dan gas rumah kaca lainnya. Hal juga ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gas metana tidak signifikan mempengaruhi perubahan temperatur di Kototabang. Kata kunci: Kototabang, metana, radiative forcing, temperaturABSTRACTRadiative forcing of methane (CH4) gas has been calculated based on its concentration in Kototabang from 2004 to 2009, by using Intergovernmental on Panel Climate Change (IPCC) method. The calculation results were further correlated to the temperature differences, i.e., monthly surface temperature subtracted by the average temperature data at Kototabang during the six year of measurement. The surface temperature was measured by using Automatic Weather Station (AWS) installed at the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Kototabang. Based on the analysis, there was an increment of the radiative forcing from 0.24338Wm-2 in 2004 to 0.246221Wm-2 in 2009. This showed the solar energy was more absorbed than emitted (positive feedback). However, the result of correlation analysis between CH4 radiative forcing and the temperature difference shows a low determinant coefficient, i.e., 0.0047. This is due to the measured temperature change in Kototabang is not only affected by methane concentrations but also influenced by aerosol, clouds and other green house gases. This also shows that methane gas concentration did not significantly influence the temperature change in Kototabang.Keywords: Kototabang, methane, radiative forcing, temperature

scholarly journals The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
María Carmen Antolín ◽  
María Toledo ◽  
Inmaculada Pascual ◽  
Juan José Irigoyen ◽  
Nieves Goicoechea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

scholarly journals Carbon Costs of Indonesian Forested Land Conversion to Oil Palm Plantations

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Walyoto
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Carbon Costs ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Release

This article analyzes the loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) released in the forest conversion to oil palm plantations. This research data gathered from the relevant secondary data and relate published reports. This research finds that a loss of release of carbon dioxide (CO2) per hectare of US $ 9,800 with a carbon price of USD2 of US $ 14,000 carbon price of USD3 and US $ 19,600 in carbon price of USD4. In addition, this conversion also has a significant impact on global warming (GWP) and global climate change. Keywords: oil palm plantation, CO2 release, GWP, climate change. 

scholarly journals The travel-related carbon dioxide emissions of atmospheric researchers

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7373-7389 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stohl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Ozone Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Most atmospheric scientists agree that greenhouse gas emissions have already caused significant changes to the global climate system and that these changes will accelerate in the near future. At the same time, atmospheric scientists who – like other scientists – rely on international collaboration and information exchange travel a lot and, thereby, cause substantial emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, the CO2 emissions of the employees working at an atmospheric research institute (the Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NILU) caused by all types of business travel (conference visits, workshops, field campaigns, instrument maintainance, etc.) were calculated for the years 2005–2007. It is estimated that more than 90% of the emissions were caused by air travel, 3% by ground travel and 5% by hotel usage. The travel-related annual emissions were between 1.9 and 2.4 t CO2 per employee or between 3.9 and 5.5 t CO2 per scientist. For comparison, the total annual per capita CO2 emissions are 4.5 t worldwide, 1.2 t for India, 3.8 t for China, 5.9 t for Sweden and 19.1 t for Norway. The travel-related CO2 emissions of a NILU scientist, occurring in 24 days of a year on average, exceed the global average annual per capita emission. Norway's per-capita CO2 emissions are among the highest in the world, mostly because of the emissions from the oil industry. If the emissions per NILU scientist derived in this paper are taken as representative for the average Norwegian researcher, travel by Norwegian scientists would nevertheless account for a substantial 0.2% of Norway's total CO2 emissions. Since most of the travel-related emissions are due to air travel, water vapor emissions, ozone production and contrail formation further increase the relative importance of NILU's travel in terms of radiative forcing.

scholarly journals Modeling Climate Change Impacts on Rangeland Productivity and Livestock Population Dynamics in Nkayi District, Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330
Author(s):  
Trinity S. Senda ◽  
Gregory A. Kiker ◽  
Patricia Masikati ◽  
Albert Chirima ◽  
Johan van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Herbaceous Layer ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Co2 Effects ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas depend on both cropping and livestock as the main sources of livelihoods. Rangeland productivity varies on both spatial and temporal scales and provides the major source of feed for livestock. Rangeland productivity is expected to decline with climate change thereby reducing livestock feed availability and consequently livelihoods that depend on livestock. This study was carried out to assess the impacts of climate change on rangeland productivity and consequently livestock population dynamics using a 30-year simulation modeling approach. The climate scenarios used in the simulations are built from the localized predictions by General Circulation Models (GCMs). The primary climate variables under consideration are rainfall (+/−7% change), carbon dioxide (CO2 up to 650 ppm) and temperature (+4 °C change). This was done by applying the SAVANNA ecosystem model which simulates rangeland processes and demographic responses of herbivores on a temporal and spatial scale using a weekly internal time step and monthly spatial and temporal outputs. The results show that rainfall levels of less than 600 mm/year have the largest negative effect on herbaceous biomass production. The amount of biomass from the woody layer does not change much during the year. The carbon dioxide (CO2) effects are more influential on the tree and shrub layers (C3 plants) than the herbaceous layer (C4 grasses). The CO2 effect was more dominant than the effects of rainfall and temperature. In the baseline simulations, the shrub plant layer increased significantly over 30 years while there is a three-fold increase in the woody plant layer (trees and shrubs) where biomass increased from a 1980 production to that of 2010. The biomass of the herbaceous layer was stable over the historical period (1980 to 2010) with values fluctuating between 200 and 400 g/m2. Grass green biomass has a variable distribution where most production occurred in the fields and cleared areas while lower levels of production were found in the forested areas. The spatial distribution of shrub green biomass was less directly linked to yearly rainfall. Shrub biomass was mostly found in forested areas, and it showed a steady increase in production. Cattle, donkey, and goat populations rose slowly from 1980 but the rise was disrupted by a dry period during the late 1980s to the early 1990s causing a decline in all populations primarily due to grass unavailability. The populations of cattle goats and donkeys started to rise again from 1995 onwards due to improvements in rainfall. Cattle and donkey populations were rising faster than that of goats while sheep population was not changing much for most of the simulation period, otherwise they declined significantly during the drought of 2002. Similar changes in simulated grass biomass (g/m2) were observed in almost all climate scenarios, except for the peak and low years. The livestock population simulation showed few variations in livestock population under all scenarios. The main conclusion from the study is that CO2 effects on rangeland productivity are much more dominant than the localized effects of rainfall and temperature. This has implications of favoring the growth of the tree and shrub layers over herbaceous layer, which meant that in the long run, the species that are able to use tree and shrub layers may be kept as a livelihood source as they will have a feed source.

Plasma Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide: Simulations and Experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamau Wright ◽  
Robert Galvez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plasma Discharges ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Plasma Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Decomposition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Simulations and experiments are conducted to model, simulate, test and demonstrate the effect of plasma discharges on decomposition of carbon dioxide (CO2). A pin-to-plane discharge is employed in gas samples containing CO2. A high voltage plasma system is used which was previously shown to be able to decrease CO2 concentration in gas samples. The discharge is modeled and described, including monitoring electrical parameters such as current and voltage. The present study investigated plasma decomposition of carbon dioxide experimentally, and through simulation. A plasma micro-discharge was utilized to better understand plasma-CO2 interactions. Enhancements are suggested to help increase the efficiency and yield of the plasma-CO2 decomposition process. Gas samples are analyzed over time using a CO2 meter.

scholarly journals Six years of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> observations at Mt. Fuji recorded with a battery-powered measurement system

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Nomura ◽  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Yukio Terao ◽  
Toshinobu Machida ◽  
Yukihiro Nojiri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Working Standards

Abstract. We developed a battery-powered carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement system for monitoring at the summit of Mt. Fuji (3776 m a.s.l.), which experiences very low temperatures (below −20 °C) and severe environmental conditions without access to gridded electricity for 10 months (from September to June). Our measurement system used 100 batteries to run the measurement unit during these months. These batteries were charged during the 2-month summer season when gridded electricity was available, using a specially designed automatic battery-charging system. We installed this system in summer 2009 at the Mt. Fuji weather station; observations of atmospheric CO2 concentration were taken through December 2015. Measurements were never interrupted by a lack of battery power except for two cases in which lightning damaged a control board. Thus we obtained CO2 data during about 94 % of the 6-year period. Analytical performances (stability and accuracy) were better than 0.1 ppm, as tested by checking working standards and comparisons with flask sampling.Observational results showed that CO2 mole fractions at Mt. Fuji demonstrated clear seasonal variation. The trend and the variability of the CO2 growth rate observed at Mt. Fuji were very similar to those of the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO). Seasonally, the concentration at Mt. Fuji was 2–10 ppm lower in summer and 2–12 ppm higher in winter than those at MLO. The lower concentrations at Mt. Fuji in summer are mainly attributed to episodes of air mass transport from Siberia or China, where CO2 is taken up by the terrestrial biosphere. On the other hand, the relatively higher concentrations in winter seem to reflect the high percentage of air masses originating from China or Southeast Asia during this period, which carry increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide. These results show that Mt. Fuji is not very influenced by local sources but rather by the sources and sinks over a very large region.Thus we conclude that, as this system could provide stable measurement data with relatively easy operation for 6 years at Mt. Fuji, it could be a useful monitoring technique for remote background sites elsewhere.

scholarly journals Climate change and agroecosystems: the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the Earth´s atmosphere is increasing, which has the potential of increasing greenhouse effect and air temperature in the future. Plants respond to environment CO2 and temperature. Therefore, climate change may affect agriculture. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature about the impact of a possible increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield. Increasing CO2 concentration increases crop yield once the substrate for photosynthesis and the gradient of CO2 concentration between atmosphere and leaf increase. C3 plants will benefit more than C4 plants at elevated CO2. However, if global warming will take place, an increase in temperature may offset the benefits of increasing CO2 on crop yield.

scholarly journals Determination of Dissolved CO2 Concentration in Culture Media: Evaluation of pH Value and Mathematical Data

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Amir Izzuddin Adnan ◽  
Mei Yin Ong ◽  
Saifuddin Nomanbhay ◽  
Pau Loke Show
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide is the most influential gas in greenhouse gasses and its amount in the atmosphere reached 412 µmol/mol in August 2020, which increased rapidly, by 48%, from preindustrial levels. A brand-new chemical industry, namely organic chemistry and catalysis science, must be developed with carbon dioxide (CO2) as the source of carbon. Nowadays, many techniques are available for controlling and removing carbon dioxide in different chemical processes. Since the utilization of CO2 as feedstock for a chemical commodity is of relevance today, this study will focus on how to increase CO2 solubility in culture media used for growing microbes. In this work, the CO2 solubility in a different medium was investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monoethanolamine (MEA) were added to the culture media (3.0 g/L dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), 0.2 g/L magnesium chloride (MgCl2), 0.2 g/L calcium chloride (CaCl2), and 1.0 g/L sodium chloride (NaCl)) for growing microbes in order to observe the difference in CO2 solubility. Factors of temperature and pressure were also studied. The determination of CO2 concentration in the solution was measured by gas analyzer. The result obtained from optimization revealed a maximum CO2 concentration of 19.029 mol/L in the culture media with MEA, at a pressure of 136.728 kPa, operating at 20.483 °C.

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