scholarly journals ВМІСТ ХЛОРОФІЛІВ І КАРОТИНОЇДІВ У ПАГОНАХ ЛОХИНИ ВИСОКОРОСЛОЇ (VACCINIUM CORYMBOSUM L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
N. J. Yavorska ◽  
N. M. Vorobets
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
The Given

Since photosynthetic pigments are not only important for plants in photosynthesis,they are also biologically active substances in therapeutic usage, the search for plants with their high content remains an urgent task of nutraceuticals, pharmacy and medicine. In this study, the shoots of Vaccinium corymbosum L. varieties Bluejay (early ripening) and Bluecrop (medium ripening) grown in the experimental area in the Lviv region of Ukraine in the phenological phases: in flowering, fruiting, after fruiting, in preparation for winter dormancy have been used. 100 % acetone, 80 % acetone and diethyl ether were used as extractants. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined spectrophotometrically at wavelengths corresponding to their absorption maxima and calculated by formulas Holm-Wettstein, Lichtenthaler, Wintermans and de Mots. The findings of the study show that the content of chlorophyll a and b in the shoots of V. corymbosum depends on the extractant and the phenological phase of growth at which the plant material is collected. The best extractant was 100 % acetone, slightly worse 80 % acetone and diethyl ether, although in general the level of chlorophylls coincided. All of the extractants used were effective enough to remove carotenoids. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids and their ratio in the shoots of investigated varieties of V. corymbosum is high and varies during the growing season: the highest content of chlorophylls is observed during flowering: 45.45±7.384 and 37.89±2.849 mg/100 g of dry weight in Bluejay and Bluecrop respectively. The content of carotenoids increases from the flowering phase to fruiting and remains at the same level long after its completion. The highest content of carotenoids was 5.49±0.451 and 5.73±0,143 mg/100 g of dry weight in Bluejay and Bluecrop respectively. It is assumed that the dynamics of chlorophyll content reflects the increase in the level of energy needs of the plant to ensure generative reproduction during the fruiting phase, followed by preparation for changes in temperature and insolation in winter. Some evidence of this may be the increase in the ratio of chlorophylls a/b during this period. In our opinion, further research on the use of P as a medicinal raw material would be beneficial, taking into account the given results.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THREE SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA L. GROWING IN THE ELTON REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Галина Табаленкова
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level

The results of studies of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids (AAs) in the leaves of three plant species of the genus Artemisia, widespread in the Elton region, were presented. Protein AAs were determined on an AAA T-339 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) after hydrolysis of a sample in 6N HCl at 105 °C for 24 h, free AAs – on an AAA-400 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) in a lithium buffer system. The protein AAs amount varied from 66 mg / g in A. lerchiana to 113 mg / g dry weight in A. santonica. 17 AAs were found in composition of these species, aspartic and glutamic acids were dominant. The content of free AAs varied from 4.4 mg / g in A. santonica to 8.3 mg / g dry weight in A. pauciflora. 14 AAs have been identified, among them proline was the predominant free AA. The share of proline was 75-81% of the total free AAs. Among the minor components, 3-4 compounds with a content above 2% dominated. The free AAs contain 3 non-proteinogenic ones (ornithine, citruline, and γ-aminobutyric acid). A. lerchiana and A. pauciflora species were similar in protein and free amino acids, probably due to the same growing conditions. A high level of free proline, together with a complex of biologically active substances in Artemisia species, which grow abundantly in the Elton region, allow to consider the possibility of their use as a medicinal raw material.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Biocompatibility of Cleaned Bovine Tendon in a Heterotopic Implantation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Maksim Gurin ◽  
◽  
Aleksey Venediktov ◽  
Yuliya Glumskova ◽  
Kristina Korneeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Ligament Prosthesis ◽  
Implantation Model

Damage to the tendon-ligamentous apparatus places serious limitations on a personʼs physical activity. Injuries are especially common in physically healthy people leading an active lifestyle, such as athletes. To treat such injuries in orthopaedics and traumatology, autoplastic operations are performed or prostheses made of synthetic or biological materials are installed. The known treatment methods, in spite of their effectiveness, have a number of serious drawbacks, which often limit their use. Therefore, the search for new approaches and materials for plastic ligaments is an urgent task. Today, biotissue prostheses are accumulating advantages over their synthetic counterparts. The most promising raw material for biological ligament prostheses, due to its availability in the required quantity and optimal size, is the flexor and extensor calf tendons. This paper aimed to develop a method for treating xenogenic tendon to manufacture ligament prostheses and assessing its biocompatibility in a heterotopic implantation model. To manufacture a ligament prosthesis, the raw material was subjected to mechanical cleaning and chemical-physical treatment, as well as treatment with supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with the addition of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80, which together contributed to effective decellularization and removal of other biologically active components, while maintaining the physical and mechanical parameters and natural fiberarchitectonics of native raw materials. The biocompatible properties of ligament prosthesis specimens made from the flexor and extensor calf tendons using this method were evaluated in a model of heterotopic implantation into the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats. The results obtained confirm the promising use of this material, treated according to the proposed method, in clinical practice.

INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SPECIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF TREPANG ON THE CONTENT OF TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES AND SELENIUM IN WASTE OF ITS PROCESSING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.И. ЧЕПКАСОВА ◽  
Н.Б. АЮШИН ◽  
Т.Н. СЛУЦКАЯ ◽  
Л.Т. КОВЕКОВДОВА
Keyword(s):  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Technological Processing ◽  
Cooking Water ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Technological Methods

Исследована возможность использования непищевых отходов разделки трепанга дальневосточного в качестве сырья для производства БАД на основе селена и гликозидов. В качестве объектов исследования использовали отходы переработки Apostichopus japonicus: прианальные участки и венчики с щупальцами и варочные воды. Исследовано содержание селена и гликозидов в трепанге и отходах его разделки, а также содержание и распределение селена и гликозидов при гидротермической и ферментативной обработке трепанга и отходов его разделки. Установлено, что содержание селена в трепанге и отходах составляет 9,0 и 11,5 мкг/г соответственно. Увеличение кратности варки до трех приводит к накоплению селена в варочной воде из трепанга до 30,5 мкг/г, а из отходов – до 107,5 мкг/г. Показано, что при варке трепанга гликозиды высвобождаются активнее. Содержание гликозидов в трехкратной варочной воде из трепанга составляет 162, а из отходов трепанга – 112 мг на 1 г сухого веса. Обоснована суточная дозировка БАД, разработанных по предлагаемым технологическим приемам. Показана возможность использования непищевых отходов, полученных при переработке трепанга, в качестве сырья для производства БАД как источника минорных биологически активных компонентов – селена и гликозидов. The purpose of the study: assessment of the possibility of using non-food waste from cutting trepang as a raw material for the production of biologically active food additives based on the determination of the content and ratio of selenium and glycosides. As objects of the study, the Far Eastern trepang (Apostichopus japonicus), waste from its processing: prianal areas and corollas with tentacles and cooking water were used. The content of selenium and glycosides in trepang and waste from its cutting, as well as the content and distribution of selenium and glycosides during hydrothermal and enzymatic treatment of trepang and waste from its cutting, are studied. It was found that the content of selenium in trepang and wastes is 9,0 and 11,5 мg/g, respectively. An increase in the cooking rate to three leads to the accumulation of selenium in cooking water from trepang to 30,5 мg/g, and from waste to 107,5 мg/g. It is shown that glycosides are more actively released when trepang cooking, in comparison with waste. The content of glycosides in triple cooking water from trepang is 162 mg, and from the waste – 112 mg per one gram of dry weight. The daily dosage for dietary supplements developed based on the proposed technological methods is substantiated. The possibility of using non-food wastes obtained during trepang processing as a raw material for the production of biologically active food additives as a source of minor biologically active components – selenium and glycosides is shown.

scholarly journals Experimental Determination of Biologically Active Compounds in Pomace of Siberian Beet and Carrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kozhemayko ◽  
Irina Sergeeva ◽  
Irina Dolgolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Industrial Processing

Introduction. With the development of the food and processing industry, the matter of environmental pollution is becoming more and more acute. Environmental protection is based on the principle of rational use of natural resources and sustainable technology. Vegetable pomace is a secondary raw material; its amount depends on the production technology and equipment. The observed positive trend in the gross harvest of vegetables in open ground can increase the number of vegetable processing enterprises and the capacity of existing enterprises. Eventually, waste will start accumulating at processing sites, and it will have to be used as raw materials. The present paper features the content of biologically active substances in pomace of carrots and beets grown on the territory of the Siberian region and introduces options for their further use in functional foods. Study objects and methods. The research featured carrot pomace of the varieties Losinoostrovskaya, Nantskaya, and Queen of Autumn, as well as beet pomace of varieties Cylinder and Bordeaux. All the samples were harvested in the Kemerovo region in 2019. Determination of physical and chemical parameters was carried out using standard methods. Carotenoids, flavonoids, β-cyanine were studied using spectrometry and photocolorimetric method. Results and discussion. The experiment featured the content of bioactive substances in pomace of carrots and beets obtained during industrial processing. The content of carotenoids in carrots (mg of β-carotene per 100 g of dry weight): for Losinoostrovskaya variety – 23.56 ± 0.23; Nantskaya – 25.32 ± 0.18; Queen of Autumn – 20.78 ± 0.25. Flavonoid content (mg of catechol equivalent per 100 g of dry weight): Losinoostrovskaya – 12.02 ± 0.37; Nantskaya – 13.45 ± 0.56; Queen of Autumn – 11.50 ± 0.48. The content of β-cyanine in beets (mg per 100 g of dry weight): Cylinder – 100.0 ± 8.5; Bordeaux – 35.0 ± 1.8. The nutritional value of carrot and beet pomace with a mass fraction of moisture was 10%. The nutritional value of vegetable pomace is due to the high content of dietary fiber; therefore, the raw materials can be considered for functional food production. The content of biologically active substances in vegetable pomace (flavonoids, carotenoids, β-cyanines) can enhance the functional orientation of this secondary raw material when used in food technologies for the production of food of high nutritional value. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to use the biochemical potential of plant raw materials in many aspects, as well as to obtain new functional food products, thereby expanding the range of healthy foods.

scholarly journals Study of chlorophylls and carotenoids in Sansevieria hyacinthoides leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
V. Velma ◽  
V. Kyslychenko ◽  
S. Velma ◽  
А. Popyk
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Separation Results

Topicality. Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce belongs to the Asparagaceae family. The plant is native to African countries. It has been introduced and naturalized in some countries of America, Asia, Australia and Europe. This species is grown as an ornamental plant in many countries, and as a medicinal plant in Africa. Aim. To determine the quantitative content of chlorophylls a and b and the amount of carotenoids in Sansevieria hyacinthoides leaves freshly collected and dried. Materials and methods. The quantitative content was determined by the spectrophotometric method. This method allows determining the amount of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids by the characteristics of the absorption spectra without their prior separation. Results and discussion. The amount of chlorophyll a and b in the dried leaves was almost 7 times higher than in the freshly collected ones (1.82 ± 0.036 mg/g vs. 0.25 ± 0.005 mg/g, and 2.08 ± 0.038 mg/g vs. 0.29 ± 0.006 mg/g, respectively). The quantitative content of the amount of carotenoids differed by 3.6 times (0.05 ± 0.001 mg/g in freshly collected leaves, and 0.18 ± 0.004 mg/g in the dried raw material). Conclusions. The quantitative content of the amount of carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in freshly collected and dried leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides has been determined by the spectrophotometric method. The dried plant raw material of Sansevieria leaves has a higher content of biologically active substances: chlorophyll a – 1.82 ± 0.036 mg/g, chlorophyll b – 2.08 ± 0.038 mg/g, and the amount of carotenoids – 0.18 ± 0.004 mg/g.

scholarly journals Functional traits of selected clones of southern sweet-grass (Hierochloë australis /Schrad./ Roem. & Schult.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Mirosław Angielczyk ◽  
Jarosław L. Przybył ◽  
Marcin Ejdys ◽  
Anna Geszprych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Coumarin Compounds

Summary Southern sweet-grass (Hierochloë australis /Schrad./ Roem. & Schult., Poaceae), commonly known as a bison grass, is a perennial tuft grass rarely occurring in mixed forests in Eastern and Northern Europe. The raw material collected from this plant are leaves rich in coumarin compounds (especially coumarin) responsible for sweet, specific aroma of these organs. In Poland, southern sweet-grass leaves are used mainly for alcohol products aromatisation. Growing demand for the raw material results in uncontrolled and excessive collecting of this plant. The best way to solve this problem is to introduce this plant into cultivation. Since southern sweet-grass is allogamous and heterozigotic, strong intraspecific variability of the species is observed. Fourteen clones of selected individuals from one population of southern sweet-grass naturally occurring in East Poland were compared in respect of morphological traits as well as accumulation of biologically active compounds. The clones differed significantly in the weight of leaves (3.76-22.59 g of air-dry weight per plant). The total coumarin content (determined by a spectrophotometric method) in this raw material for investigated clones ranged from 1.49 to 1.94%, flavonoids - from 0.25 to 0.55%, and phenolic acids - from 0.20 to 0.42%. Three coumarin compounds were identified by HPLC, namely coumarin, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, and o-coumaric acid. The content of coumarin ranged from 84.00 to 310.85, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin: from 17.80 to 168.45, and o-coumaric acid: from 37.50 to 70.00 mg · 100 g-1 dry matter.

Study of Properties of "Water–Anionic SAA–Tincture of Blueberry Fruit" System

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
E.A. Flyurik ◽  
M.V. Kohanskaya ◽  
N.V. Bushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Foam Stability ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Foam Forming ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Research Show

This study is dedicated to the development of a new shampoo based on plant raw material using water tinctures of high-quality blueberry fruit Vaccinium corymbosum L. We used blueberry fruit of Bluecrop sort, the choice of this variety is based on its popularity and wide spread in the Republic of Belarus. This paper introduces a method of obtaining the tincture of blueberry fruit: the size of crushed raw material is 0.3--1.0 mm; the raw material : extractant ratio is 1 : 10; the extractant is drinking-water; the infusion time is 1 day. We analyzed the complex of biologically active substances in the tincture, contained in it, such as anthocyanins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids. To choose the concentration of anionic SAA, i.e., water solution of sodium laureth sulfate, its foam forming properties in a concentration range of 0.01--5.00 % (ln c from --4.6 to 1.6) were previously determined. It was established that optimal concentration of SAA which provides foam forming properties on the required level for hygienic detergents is 0.02%. The effect of the tincture of blueberry fruit on the properties of water solutions that contain SAA was also investigated. Findings of research show that to meet the requirements for hygienic detergents, which means that the foam number of shampoo should be at least 100 mm, and foam stability should be not less than 80 %, the concentration of the tincture of high-quality blueberry fruit in solution of sodium laureth sulfate should be no more than 10 %.

scholarly journals ETERMINATION OF PIGMENTS IN RAW MATERIALS OF A WILLOW TRIANDRA (SALIX TRIANDRA L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Evgenia Gennadievna Sannikova ◽  
Evgenia Vladimirovna Kompantseva ◽  
Olga Ivanovna Popova ◽  
Asya Yuryevna Ayrapetova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Salix Triandra ◽  
Medicinal Plant Material ◽  
Β Carotene

It is known that various types of willow contain a rich polyphenolic complex of biologically active substances (BAS) (phenolic glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids). The same substances are found in the Salix triandra. In view of the fact that oral administration of dried medicinal plant material is now expedient, it is also of interest to study other BASs contained in the plant, in particular, the pigments. Using as an example a willow bine, it is shown that when determining the chlorophyll content in dried plant raw materials, it is necessary to take into account the fact of the pheophytin formation. Using the TLC method, pigments of the willow are found in leaves (bines): β-carotene, chlorophyll a and b, pheophytin and xanthophyll. When using the spectrophotometric method, it is found that the content of chlorophylls in a the willow bines varies from 0.032 to 0.18% and depends on the place of growth and seasonal factors (amount of sunlight, temperature and ecology of the environment). These values are almost 2 times different from the content of chlorophylls in leaves, but their amount can contribute to the pharmacological effect by oral intake of dried and powdered willow bines. It is found that when extracting the raw material with hexane, the content of the sum of carotenoids in terms of β-carotene is found to be not more than 2.5 mg /% in both leaves and bines of Salix triandra.

scholarly journals Admixing Chaff with Straw Increased the Residues Collected without Compromising Machinery Efficiencies

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Suardi ◽  
Sergio Saia ◽  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Carina Gunnarsson ◽  
Martin Sundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
The One ◽  
Staple Crop

The collection of residues from staple crop may contribute to meet EU regulations in renewable energy production without harming soil quality. At a global scale, chaff may have great potential to be used as a bioenergy source. However, chaff is not usually collected, and its loss can consist of up to one-fifth of the residual biomass harvestable. In the present work, a spreader able to manage the chaff (either spreading [SPR] on the soil aside to the straw swath or admixed [ADM] with the straw) at varying threshing conditions (with either 1 or 2 threshing rotors [1R and 2R, respectively] in the combine, which affects the mean length of the straw pieces). The fractions of the biomass available in field (grain, chaff, straw, and stubble) were measured, along with the performances of both grain harvesting and baling operations. Admixing chaff allowed for a slightly higher amount of straw fresh weight baled compared to SPR (+336 kg straw ha−1), but such result was not evident on a dry weight basis. At the one time, admixing chaff reduced the material capacity of the combine by 12.9%. Using 2R compared to 1R strongly reduced the length of the straw pieces, and increased the bale unit weight; however, it reduced the field efficiency of the grain harvesting operations by 11.9%. On average, the straw loss did not vary by the treatments applied and was 44% of the total residues available (computed excluding the stubble). In conclusion, admixing of chaff with straw is an option to increase the residues collected without compromising grain harvesting and straw baling efficiencies; in addition, it can reduce the energy needs for the bale logistics. According to the present data, improving the chaff collection can allow halving the loss of residues. However, further studies are needed to optimise both the chaff and the straw recoveries.

scholarly journals Co-Microencapsulated Black Rice Anthocyanins and Lactic Acid Bacteria: Evidence on Powders Profile and In Vitro Digestion

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2579
Author(s):  
Carmen-Alina Bolea ◽  
Mihaela Cotârleț ◽  
Elena Enachi ◽  
Vasilica Barbu ◽  
Nicoleta Stănciuc
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Black Rice

Two multi-functional powders, in terms of anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus paracasei, L. casei 431®) were obtained through co-microencapsulation into a biopolymer matrix composed of milk proteins and inulin. Two extracts were obtained using black rice flour as a raw material and hot water and ethanol as solvents. Both powders (called P1 for aqueous extract and P2 for ethanolic extract) proved to be rich sources of valuable bioactives, with microencapsulation efficiency up to 80%, both for anthocyanins and lactic acid bacteria. A higher content of anthocyanins was found in P1, of 102.91 ± 1.83 mg cyanindin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)/g dry weight (DW) when compared with only 27.60 ± 17.36 mg C3G/g DW in P2. The morphological analysis revealed the presence of large, thin, and fragile structures, with different sizes. A different pattern of gastric digestion was observed, with a highly protective effect of the matrix in P1 and a maximum decrease in anthocyanins of approximatively 44% in P2. In intestinal juice, the anthocyanins decreased significantly in P2, reaching a maximum of 97% at the end of digestion; whereas in P1, more than 45% from the initial anthocyanins content remained in the microparticles. Overall, the short-term storage stability test revealed a release of bioactive from P2 and a decrease in P1. The viable cells of lactic acid bacteria after 21 days of storage reached 7 log colony forming units (CFU)/g DW.

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