scholarly journals Association between educational level and knowledge on transmission of hiv/aids in adolescent women in Peru-ENDES 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-810
Author(s):  
Nathalie Amado Cornejo ◽  
Consuelo Luna-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Knowledge about the transmission of HIV in adolescent women is important due to the great risk of contracting said infection. Objective: To determine the association between the educational level and knowledge about the transmission of HIV in female adolescents according to the ENDES year 2019. Methods: Quantitative, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical study based on the public availability data of the ENDES 2019. Results: Of the 4 668 women in the age range of 15 to 19 years. 30.6% had adequate knowledge about HIV and 69.4% had inadequate knowledge. No association was found between educational level and level of knowledge about HIV transmission. In the multivariate analysis, regarding the wealth index, being non-poor compared to being in extreme poverty has a positive influence on adequate knowledge about HIV (OR: 1.25 95% CI: 1.14–1.38). Conclusion: Knowledge about HIV transmission in adolescent women in Peru is not adequate, no association was found between educational level and knowledge about HIV transmission, nor with place of residence; but if an association was found with the wealth index.

scholarly journals Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

scholarly journals Organ donation perception and beliefs: a cross sectional study amongst degree college students and teachers in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Shreya Sodhani ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
College Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
The Right

Background: Studies have shown that there is a lack of understanding about deceased organ donation. An adequate knowledge and the right attitude towards organ donation helps create a positive influence on people which may increase the organ donation rate. Since young students are less prejudiced and easily accept new ideas, it is necessary to educate the youth about organ donation through their teachers. At the same time, it is imperative to train teachers who will be responsible for spreading awareness so that they can include this topic in their lessons.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among the degree college teachers and students in Mumbai city from November 2017- January 2018, after obtaining the institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Using purposive sampling, teachers and students of degree colleges in Mumbai were approached, out of which 40 students and 40 teachers consented to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the pre-existing understanding, beliefs, perception and attitude about deceased organ donation.  Results: Limited number of degree college teachers and students were aware of the various terminologies related to organ donation. Organ donation definition was correctly answered by 23 teachers (57.5%) and 17 students (42.5%). The correct meaning of brainstem death was known to 19 teachers (47.5%) and 2 students (5%). There are certain misconceptions and perceptions about deceased organ donation among both the teachers and the students. 13 teachers (32.5%) and 16 students (40%) believed that donor family will be revealed about the recipient’s details. 7 teachers (17.5%) and 18 students (45%) were of the opinion that government provides monetary support to donor families. decision of organ donation after death rests on relatives was known to 33 teachers (82.5%) and 21 students (52.5%). About 6 teachers (15%) and 18 students (45%) wrongly believed that if conflicts arise between relatives’ organs can still be donated. There’s no possibility of buying /selling of organs in India was known 27 teachers (67.5%) and 31 students (77.5%). About 34 teachers (85%) and 31 students (77.5%) wanted to pledge for organ donation after death. 90% teachers and 80% students said they think deceased organ donation awareness should be incorporated in the education curriculum.Conclusions: 85% of the study subjects (both teachers and students) felt the need of intensifying organ donation awareness programmes. Thus, organ donation awareness should be effectively incorporated in the educational curriculum.

scholarly journals A knowledge and attitude of school teachers towards learning disabilities in Bishnupur district, Manipur: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Anaswara S. Asok ◽  
Pooja Akoijam ◽  
Avantika Gupta ◽  
Brogen Singh Akoijam
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Favourable Attitude ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Learning problems significantly interfere with academic activities that require reading, mathematical or writing skills. In India 10-14% of children have specific learning disability. The teacher with adequate knowledge of learning disabilities and skills or competencies can do better justice to the children than teacher with general pedagogy backgrounds. The study aimed to assess the teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards learning disabilities and to determine the association between knowledge and attitude with their background characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 teachers of both government and private schools of Bishnupur. Data collected using self-administered questionnaires assessing the knowledge and attitude. Data entered in IBM SPSS 21. Data was expressed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test   was used to check significance between proportions.Results: Data was collected from 181 teachers. Mean age of participants was 42.7±1 and 59.1% of them worked in govt. schools and 40.9% in private. 48.1% of them had adequate knowledge on learning disabilities. Majority (93.9%) had favourable attitude. Association between type of school the teachers taught and knowledge was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was no significant association between attitude with any of the socio-demographic variables.Conclusions: More than half of the teachers had inadequate knowledge on learning disabilities while majority of them had favourable attitude. Teachers belonging to govt. schools had better knowledge on learning disabilities.

Respon Masyarakat Terkait Hoax Covid-19

An Nadwah ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zata Isma ◽  
Lili Surya Pratiwi ◽  
Rema Rurianti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Range

<p>Believing in hoaxes is more deadly than the Covid-19 virus. The hoax came from</p><p>the United States (US), India, Spain, China, Indonesia and Brazil. In the</p><p>development of this case, public knowledge is needed on the prevention and</p><p>transmission of Covid-19, but unfortunately there are still many people who are</p><p>very easy to believe in information that cannot be justified, the source and the</p><p>truth. This study aims to determine the level of public knowledge regarding the</p><p>prevention and transmission of Covid-19 and the public response to the Covid-19</p><p>hoax. This study used a cross sectional approach. With the data collection method</p><p>in the form of giving a questionnaire containing a set of questions to the</p><p>respondents. The number of respondents in this study as many as 700 respondents</p><p>with an age range of 14 years and over was conducted in September 2020. The</p><p>data collected in this study is primary data, namely data obtained directly from</p><p>respondents through structured questionnaires. The results showed that the</p><p>majority of respondents had a knowledge level of 54% of Covid-19 prevention and</p><p>96% of respondents' knowledge of Covid-19 transmission and 44% of hoaxes.</p>

scholarly journals Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception of Genetic Testing for Hereditary Disorders Among Malaysians in Klang Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Jia Chin ◽  
Hong-Wai Tham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Hereditary Disorders ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Genetic testing aids patients in making important decisions in the prevention, treatment, or early detection of hereditary disorders. Low awareness of the importance of genetic testing contributes to the increase in the incidence of hereditary disorders. This study aims to explore the knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing for hereditary disorders among local residents of the Klang Valley, Malaysia, and the potential variables that influence their understanding of genetic testing. A survey was conducted in different municipalities of the Klang Valley through self-administered questionnaire assessing the public's knowledge, awareness, and perception of genetic testing. Overall, the results revealed adequate knowledge and positive awareness of genetic testing, in which both were influenced by the respondent's educational level (P &lt; 0.001), field of study (P &lt; 0.001), and status of heard or unheard of genetic testing (P &lt; 0.001). The perception of genetic testing was generally positive and influenced by the respondent's differences in age (P &lt; 0.016), educational level (P &lt; 0.001), field of study (P &lt; 0.001), and status of heard or unheard of genetic testing (P &lt; 0.001). Although positive responses were obtained, ~20.2% of the respondents had never heard of genetic testing. Of the respondents, 24.5% were unwilling to undergo genetic testing, with 25.1% believing that genetic testing tampers with nature and 18% believing that it opposes religion and their beliefs. Such attitude calls for the need to conduct programs to eliminate any misconception, as well as to educate the public to lessen any perceived misunderstanding of the concepts of genetic testing.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL PROFESSIONALS REGARDING TOOTH RESTORABILITY AT A PUBLIC SECTOR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Shaikh ◽  
Afifa Yaseen ◽  
Amna Yaseen ◽  
Subhana Akber
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Dental Professionals

Background: Panoptic knowledge of dental professionals is required to provide care for patients with any dental problem which ranges from screening, emergency care or referral to alleviation of pain symptoms. Ideally to provide dental care, dental practice should be based on current clinical concepts originating from evidence-based dentistry which clearly demarcates a level between a tooth that is able to be restored so that intervention is done on it for esthetic and functional stability, or ready for extraction. Dental professionals' knowledge regarding tooth restorability is very crucial in restorative and preventive dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of dental professionals regarding tooth restorability. Methods: Knowledge regarding tooth restorability of dental professionals of Dow University of Health Sciences was assessed through a multi centered cross sectional study. A sample size of 140 participants was calculated using through open Epi version 3, and a convenient non-probability sampling technique was used. The study was conducted in May-June, 2018. An informed consent prior to the study was taken. The dental professionals were evaluated through a self- administered, structured questionnaire in English. The SPSS-23 was used to obtain results. The knowledge of the students was graded as adequate if >12 and inadequate if<12. Results: Out of 140 study participants, 113 (81%) dental professionals had significantly adequate knowledge (p-value <0.05); while 27 (19%) had inadequate knowledge. Among the respondents, 56% said that the traumatic dental injury must be treated by dentist whereas the others considered it to be treated by private doctor or by nearest hospital casualty. Conclusion: The knowledge of dental professionals working at teaching institutes is adequate; and as per their knowledge they might be taking right decisions regarding tooth restorability.

scholarly journals Neonatal Hypothermia: Mothers’ Knowledge and Practice at a Provincial Hospital in Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
Emerthe Musabyemariya ◽  
Donatilla Mukamana ◽  
Claudine Muteteli ◽  
Phoibe Uwizeyimana ◽  
Geldine Chironda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Axillary Temperature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Provincial Hospital ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Neonatal Hypothermia

Background Globally, 2.5 million neonates die each year from hypothermia. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers neonatal hypothermia as a decrease of axillary temperature in infants below 36.5° Celsius. New mothers, or the nearest caregivers, should be aware that hypothermia is a newborn danger sign, in order to apply best practices regarding neonatal hypothermia prevention to reduce subsequent mortality. Objective To assess mothers’ knowledge and practice of neonatal hypothermia at a selected provincial hospital in Rwanda. Methods A cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling method were used to select 161 mothers with living babies. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results About 97% of mothers had inadequate knowledge, and the majority (83%) had inadequate neonatal hypothermia practices. Predictor variables for knowledge were ANC attendance (OR=1.884, 95% CI=1.675-2.565, p=0.042) and secondary educational level (OR=1.787, 95% CI=1.521-2.187, p=0.032). Practice was significantly associated with educational level (OR=1.787, 95% CI=1.521-2.187, p=0.032).   Conclusion There is a need to increase a mother's evidence-based practice of neonatal hypothermia. This condition unchecked leads to high-risk life-threatening complications. Prevention should emphasize on observed gaps to decrease deaths related to neonatal hypothermia. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):152-166

scholarly journals ASSESS THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE PREVENTION OF STROKE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Sahbanathul Missiriya ◽  
Johncey John
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Treatable Condition

  Objective: Hypertension is the most crucial and common health problem in developed and undeveloped countries. Although hypertension is a treatable condition, without treatment, it leads to serious and life-threatening complications such as heart, kidney, and brain disorders. Prevention plays a major role in controlling the disease, which can be achieved by increasing the knowledge through awareness of the public and changing their attitude and practice. The study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension, assess the knowledge regarding prevention of stroke among people with hypertension and to associate the knowledge regarding prevention of stroke with selected demographic variables of people.Methods: Descriptive design was adopted. Using simple random sampling technique, 60 samples were selected. The data were collected, analyzed in terms of both inferential and descriptive statistics.Results: The study result showed that among the total number of people (1248) surveyed, 476 (38.1%) were prevalent in hypertension. Among the randomly selected 60 people with hypertension, 47 (78.3%) patients had inadequate knowledge, 13 (21.7%) had moderate knowledge, and none of them had adequate knowledge regarding prevention of stroke. Most people residing at Kottayam had poor knowledge on hypertension and prevention of stroke.Conclusion: The study concluded that though there was more prevalence of hypertension and most of them had inadequate knowledge on prevention of stroke and there is a need to make the people aware about the complications of hypertension and prevention aspects.

scholarly journals Knowledge & Practice of Nursing Ethics and Laws

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
P Jose
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nursing Ethics ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Standards Of Conduct ◽  
High Standards

INTRODUCTION: Nurses are responsible for the well-being and quality of life of many people, and therefore must meet high standards of technical and ethical competence. Values are the belief and attitude that influence individual behavior and process of decision making. Personal values are what nurses hold significant and true for themselves, while professional ethics involve principles that have universal applications and standards of conduct that must be upheld in all situations. From the previous study it was found that most of the nurses have the knowledge regarding nursing ethic and law but have lack of practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross   sectional study was conducted among the selected nurses of Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (UCMS TH) Bhairahawa Nepal. Population for the study was selected on random basis and total sample size was 60. A self-administered structured questionnaire about knowledge of nursing ethics and law was devised, tested and distributed to the nurses and practice of same sample was assessed through checklist by observing the activities of nurses by the researcher herself.RESULTS: Among the total 60 respondents only 45% had adequate knowledge of ethics and rest of them had inadequate knowledge regarding nursing ethics whereas most of the respondents i.e. 53% had adequate knowledge of nursing law and only 46% had inadequate knowledge of it. On the other hand half of the respondents do practice on nursing ethics and law and another half do less practice. As a whole it has been identified that respondents had more knowledge of nursing law than that of nursing ethics and half of them do practice on it.CONCLUSION: Findings of the study showed that knowledge of law was greater than knowledge of ethics. Overall they had no satisfactory knowledge of ethics and law. Whereas 50% of respondents does adequate practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11825 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 30-33

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude of community towards trachoma and trichiasis in Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchu Churko ◽  
Mekuria Asnakew Asfaw ◽  
Zerihun Zerdo
Keyword(s):  
Wealth Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Abstract Background Trachoma is a preventable and treatable disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis which is the leading cause of blindness in the world affecting mostly the poorest community. Despite so many intervention undertaken on prevention and control for trachoma, Ethiopia is failed to achieve 2020 elimination goal for trachoma. We hypothesized that the knowledge of communities towards trachoma was inadequate in the study area. Methods a community based cross sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch zuria district from December 2019 to June 2020. The total sample size was allocated by probability proportional to size to each kebele based on the number of households they had. Then, systematic random sampling was employed to select 811 study participants from the five kebeles. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer administered structured questionnaire and then entered into EPI/INFO version 7 and exported to SPSS V20 for analysis. Findings: All of the respondents heard about trachoma. Less than one forth 185 (23.2%) of the study subjects had adequate knowledge towards trachoma. One hundred forty eight (18.6%) strongly agreed that trachoma can be transmitted through gene. On the other hand, 240 (30.1%) of the respondents were unsure that trichiasis patients may loss vision if not operated. Factors like education, occupation, walking distance from home to clean water source and wealth index were significantly associated with knowledge status of the participants. Conclusion the proportion of people who had adequate knowledge about trachoma and trichiasis was low. Attention should be given by the district health office, regional government and different stakeholders, who designing and implementing trachoma elimination programs especially improving awareness of community regarding trachoma and trichiasis. Interventions with the F and E components of SAFE strategy are also strongly recommended.

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