scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATIC RISKS IN RELATION TO THE TRANSPORT IN-FRASTRUCTURE OF THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
A.N. Yakubovich ◽  
◽  
I.A. Yakubovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Road Profile ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Climatic Risks ◽  
The Impact

Theme. Infrastructure of transport systems of the permafrost zone of Russia, operated in conditions of global warming. Objectives. To quantify the risks of disrupting the functionality of transport infrastructure facilities, taking into account the soil and natural and climatic features in the territory of their operation. Methodology. Modeling the temperature dynamics of the soil massif, including the upper seasonal thawed layer and the lower layer of permafrost soil, identifying changes in its strength and deformation properties under the accepted scenario of climatic changes, assessing the impact of changes in the soil massif on the operational state and safety of various types of infrastructure facilities of transport systems (taking into account the appearance of additional precipitation of thawing soil and a decrease in its bearing capacity), determination of the values of predicted risks on a scale that is uniform for all types of objects. Results. New data have been obtained on the negative consequences of climate change for the infrastructure of transport systems in the permafrost zone of Russia. Under fairly conservative assumptions about a warming of 2 degrees Celsius, the risk of functional impairment for the road profile is predicted to be from 86 to 294 points on a 1000-point scale, and climatic risks increase with an increase in the temperature of permafrost. The magnitude of the expected risks in relation to the aerodrome pavement is approximately at the same level; these two types of objects are distinguished by the greatest resistance to climatic changes. Pile foundations are subject to risk ranging from 143 to 529 points. The most vulnerable to warming are strip and columnar foundations, for which the lowest risk value obtained during modeling is 389 points, and under unfavorable conditions (high-temperature permafrost in combination with low soil moisture), the risk increases to the maximum possible value of 1000 points. Implications. The risks of disrupting the functionality of infrastructural objects of the permafrost transport systems, predicted at warming up to 2 degrees Celsius, should be considered significant. With risks up to 400 points (road profile, airfield coverage), it is advisable to limit ourselves to monitoring the current state of the facility and, if necessary, restore its functionality. With risks from 400 to 600 points, it is recommended, and in case of risks over 600 points, it is mandatory to carry out preventive engineering and technical measures aimed at stabilizing the temperature regime of soils and preventing a sudden loss of functionality of individual elements of the transport system.

scholarly journals The impact of globalization on transport investment

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 11002
Author(s):  
Florin Dobre ◽  
Valentin Pauna ◽  
Alexandru Cristian Vasilescu ◽  
Ovidiu Andrei Cristian Buzoianu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
European Level ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The economic impact of investing in new transport capacity or improving existing ones is complex and often indirect. Loans for infrastructure are often needed, but they cannot create sufficient conditions for economic growth. Investments in transport infrastructure require public funding. An assessment of their cost-effectiveness is needed to ensure a reasonable and acceptable allocation. Relevant economic, environmental and social effects must be taken into account. There is a growing concern in the transport sector about decisions on the development of the transport system and the effects of scale and externalities they produce. Planners and decision-makers need to know more about the wider economic impact of individual infrastructure projects and transport policies in general. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to present the most important theoretical and practical aspects of the importance of transport investment worldwide, at European level and Romania. Investments in transport infrastructure will not improve the economic vitality of a region unless it has sufficient economic capacity and employment, land use and economic development policies. Methods: This article starts from the hypothesis of the influence of globalization on the development of transport systems in general and applies as a case study on Romania. The paper was based on the analysis of transport legislation, as well as data sets for the period 2011-2019, to observe the gradual development of all types of transport. Findings & Value added: Following these researches, the link between globalization and investments in transport systems was found by emphasizing accessibility to new infrastructures, new horizons and development plans for the main types of transport, which is a key element in economic activity. The main results were disseminated throughout the article and it adds value through the analysis created at global and regional level (at European level) and the interpretation of statistical data related to transport investments.

Riding the rails of removal: The impact of railways on border controls and expulsion practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Torsten Feys
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Railway Networks ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
The Impact

Nineteenth-century Belgian authorities liked to consider themselves as liberal towards migrants, but the 340,000 expulsions carried out between 1835 and 1913 paint a different picture. This article assesses how the development of Belgian railway networks influenced controls of entry and expulsion practices through seven borderland hubs with international rail connections. It first details how control stations followed changes in transport infrastructure and that some form of border control on human mobility was upheld throughout the nineteenth century. Second, it explains how railways drastically changed expulsions allowing the Sûreté Publique (i.e. the Belgian Foreigners Police) to establish a well-oiled deportation apparatus which became a central pillar of migration policies. Using Walters' concept of “viapolitics”, it details how transport systems and infrastructure shaped the state's ability to govern migrants.

Approach to Risk Management for the Hydrocarbon-Transport Infrastructure With Regard to Climate Change

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Zapata Posada ◽  
Jaime Hernán Aristizábal Ceballos ◽  
Julián Fernando Chaves Agudelo ◽  
Milton Eduardo Pardo Romero
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
National Development ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

Planet Earth has recently witnessed a change in the behavior of climate variables (including temperature, rainfall, etc.), primarily attributed to global warming. This climate change is a threat that is materializing and has affected elements of the infrastructure, ecosystems, and environmental conditions worldwide, as well as the National Development Plans [“Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo”]. The hydrocarbon-transport infrastructure in Colombia has not escaped the effects of climate variability. Therefore, a strategy must be devised to manage the risk and to adapt these systems in the light of potential harmful effects, and also to supplement or improve the mitigation measures for the effects generated by the oil industry through its operations. Climate disturbances lead to an increase in the likelihood of landslides, wildfires, floods, avalanches, and other natural hazards. The major climate changes that have been identified and that may affect hydrocarbon-transfer systems in Colombia are the following ones: • A gradual increase in temperature. • Changes in the patterns and amounts of rainfall. • A rise in sea level. • An increase in the severity and frequency of extreme weather events. The strategy for adapting the hydrocarbon-transport systems in light of climate change focuses primarily on the following points: 1. Acquiring more knowledge about the climatic changes that are expected to occur in Colombia, including the change in the major climatic variables and their georeferencing. 2. Diagnosing the transport systems and their spatial correlation with future climate scenarios. 3. Identifying the industries or elements of the infrastructure that are most vulnerable to the expected climatic changes. 4. Proposing measures that will add strength and/or resilience, so that the elements of the system can resist the effects of climate change, or overcome them within a short period of time, without affecting the Business. 5. Prioritizing the interventions to be performed at sites that are critical to the Business. 6. Monitoring and tracking the climatic variables in order to adjust the susceptibility models in light of the major impacts (e.g., landslides). The primary goal of this paper is to outline the initiative that has been proposed by the Technical Asset Management Bureau [“Gerencia Técnica de Activos”] (GTA) of Ecopetrol’s Office of the Vice President for Transportation and Logistics [“Vicepresidencia de Transporte y Logística”] (VIT Ecopetrol) in order to adapt the currently operating transport systems so that they can deal with climate change, while ensuring their healthful and safe operation, in compliance with the applicable technical legal requirements. Another goal of this paper is to highlight the advances that have been made by the GTA in the procurement, compilation, analysis, and use of climate information and geotechnical data as basic elements of risk management.

scholarly journals USING WEB TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE THE TRANSPORTATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Oleg Aleksiyev ◽  
Volodymyr Aleksiev ◽  
M. Matsiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Virtual Management

Problem. Due to the constant information development of society and its industrial component, new transport systems and machines have reached a high level of information excellence. Accordingly, there is a new contradiction between the rapid development of tools and methods of informatization of complex objects and systems, the development of transport telematics (internal for cars and other vehicles and external internal transport control systems) and the heterogeneous nature of existing subsystems and components of the transport complex. Of Ukraine. The problem of resolving this contradiction will allow at all levels of transport infrastructure to improve services to residents of cities and regions, improve transport processes, avoid existing negative consequences: traffic disruptions, unsatisfactory condition of roads, irrational use of funds for repair, operation and equipment of highways. This will help improve traffic safety, improve the quality of transport services, ensure people’s comfort and save cargo. Goal. The goal of the study is to create software and hardware for virtual management, its intellectualization based on the use of virtual logistics of transportation processes, providing road users, tools of virtual management, a kind of virtual logistics of the transport system of the transport portal KhNADU (ICT KhNADU). The purpose of this article is to study the problem of expressing and proving new rules and concepts for providing knowledge and skills to people who want to work in the IT field of transport applications. The sequence of acquiring knowledge and skills of people who have improved their personal professional level in road transport is determined. Methodology. The idea of computer science as system engineering of successful consecutive creation of computer equipment and software of complex systems by combining their computer and software engineering in the field of motor transport is offered. Practical value. The scope of use of the obtained results is road transport road organizations of Ukraine, residents of cities and regions as individuals or legal entities of users of transport services.

scholarly journals CALIBRATION OF VILNIUS PUBLIC TRANSPORT MODEL

Transport ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Ušpalyte-Vitkūniene ◽  
Marija Burinskiene ◽  
Vytautas Grigonis
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The Impact

The application of information technologies preconditions the optimisation of performance of transport systems: improvement of the performance quality, safety and efficiency of the overall system, increase in capacity, reduction of the trip duration without high financial investment into construction of the new technical infrastructure. The transport modelling is the only economical and sufficiently reliable way to carry out a forward assessment of the impact of the innovations to be applied on the overall system. The network of Vilnius public transport was built up on the data of 2002, and the year 2002 saw the last comprehensive surveys. Building up the PT network the data was taken from the VIDAS database, created in 2002 while drafting the special plan for Vilnius transport infrastructure (tram) development. The morning rush hour, when the passenger flows are maximum, was chosen for the modelling. Calibration of Vilnius PT network was carried out after selection of three possible methods: TSys‐based, Headway‐based and Timetable‐based. In the timetable‐based model Logit, Kirchhoff, BoxCox and Lochse distribution factors are inter‐changed. Analysis of all coefficients received when modelling allows a conclusion that further modelling of the development of Vilnius public transport network should be based on Timetable‐based model choosing Kirchhoff or BocCox distribution laws, whereof conformity to the basic averages of coefficients of the 2002 survey is respectively 0,82 and 0,81. This would facilitate adopting solutions to the development of the public transport systems and would increase their reliability. The calculated coefficients revealed that TSys‐based methods were mostly removed from reality, and the average coefficient of failure to conform to the data of the 2002 survey is 0,24. This method did not give any data about the load on the stops, although the number of trips modelled with the help of this method was most proximate to the survey data, i.e. 0,69 %.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AROUND THE OBJECTS OF ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Rabosh I ◽  
◽  
Khrutba V ◽  
Kobzysta O ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Motor Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the state of the road transport infrastructure in Ukraine has deteriorated significantly. With the process of urbanization and the expansion of the transport infrastructure, the ecological danger of the functioning of these strategically important objects increases, which requires effective methods of detailed study of the state of environmental components in areas of urban pollution in order to prevent negative consequences. Working with the problematic, using robots, we analyzed the methods to monitor the environmental situation around the road transport infrastructure for the development of recommendations for advancing efficiency. An algorithm for assessing the environmental situation around the objects of motor transport infrastructure is considered, based on monitoring the impact of these objects on the components of the environment and determining the main factors of this influence. The regularities and dependences of the influence of the motor transport infrastructure from the standpoint of environmental safety have been established. The indicators of pollution of the components of the environment in the study areas and methods of their production are analyzed. It has been concluded that a complex combination of chemical research methods with biodication is observable, makes it possible to analyze the effect of vehicles on various components of the environment (atmospheric air, soil and soil solutions, plants, animals, surface waters, etc.) and to establish the level of anthropogenic load. KEY WORDS: MOTOR VEHICLE INFRASTRUCTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES, POLLUTION

scholarly journals Modeling the Effect of Wheeled Tractors and Skidded Timber Bunches on Forest Soil Compaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Igor Grigorev ◽  
Olga Kunickaya ◽  
Albert Burgonutdinov ◽  
Evgeniy Tikhonov ◽  
Valentin Makuev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Permafrost Soil ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Impact Processes ◽  
Technological Impact ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Compaction Processes ◽  
The Impact

An increasing demand for forest products incites a large number of log transportation operations, which may lead to negative consequences for the soil and the ecosystem as a whole. This paper is focused on establishing a mathematical model to estimate the soil deformation and compaction processes under tires of wheeled forest machines and individual components of the skidding system such as forwarder, limbs, butts, and tops of tree-lengths in high latitudes, permafrost soil and forests. The method applied is based on simulating the impact processes of elastic tires and the skidding system on the soil through a mathematical device for the measurement of the compaction parameters for different types of soil and the size of the shelterbelt. The effectiveness of the proposed models was evaluated according to experimental results. The influence of the rheological (elastic, viscous, and plastic) properties of soil were studied. The elasticity of tires and the running speed of forest machines can help to control the performance of forest machines. This can be done by reducing the pressure exerted on the soil and increasing the number of skidder passes 1.5-2-fold. Comparative analysis showed that the calculated data differ from the experimental ones by no more than 10%. The obtained results and the developed model will allow for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of technological impact on the soil during the projecting maps for logging operations.

scholarly journals The impact of road infrastructure failures on traffic conditions and travel behaviour in urban areas – the case of the Lazienkowski Bridge in Warsaw

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szarata ◽  
Katarzyna Nosal Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This article deals with the problems of failures of transport infrastructure sections and their consequences. The article presents the research problem of assessing the impact of the fire on Lazienkowski Bridge, in Warsaw, on the travel behaviour of city residents as well as traffic conditions in the city. Changes occurring directly after the bridge’s failure during the period up to several months after the event were analysed. In order to assess the consequences of the failure, data obtained from traffic measurements on selected bridge crossings and interview surveys carried out among city residents were used. The results of the surveys proved that the exclusion of the Lazienkowski Bridge from traffic resulted in a significant increase in traffic volumes on other bridges, especially neighbouring ones, and resulted in longer rush hours on the bridge crossings in question. 42% of the city‘s residents felt the negative consequences of the failure in the form of worse conditions of travel and 36% of the residents reported a longer travel time to work/school. The failure also caused changes in travel behaviour as regards the choice of means of transport, travel route or not travelling altogether. The consequences of the failure affected, to the greatest extent, the residents of areas most functionally connected with the bridge.

scholarly journals Smart technologies for decision-support in the management of environmental safety of transportation in big port cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Ложкина ◽  
Г.Г. Рогозинский ◽  
В.Н. Ложкин ◽  
И.Г. Малыгин ◽  
В.И. Комашинский
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Цель настоящей работы заключалась в разработке основ обеспечения экологически устойчивого развития транспортных систем городов-портов на базе инновационных наукоемких информационных и коммуникационных технологий на примере разработки расчетного метода мониторинга и прогнозирования негативного воздействия выбросов автотранспорта, морских и речных судов на качество воздушной среды. В статье представлена информационная технология поддержки принятия решений на основе модифицированной мультидоменной инфокоммуникационной модели и иерархической модели, позволяющая описать взаимодействие объектов физического, информационного (кибернетического) и когнитивного уровней в области экологического мониторинга и прогнозирования воздействия автомобильного и водного транспорта через набор унифицированных терминов. Эффективность предложенного подхода проиллюстрирована разработкой расчетной модели контроля и прогнозирования загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в зонах одновременного воздействия автомобильного и водного транспорта в крупных портовых городах, таких как Санкт-Петербург, Владивосток и Севастополь. Модель выстраивалась по принципу иерархичности: индивидуальные транспортные средства, образуемые ими площадные (например, совокупность судов в порту) и линейные (автотранспортные потоки) источники выбросов на локальной городской территории (микрорайон или район города) или в городе в целом. Подобная модель может быть интегрирована в виде экологического блока в городскую интеллектуальную транспортную систему для проведения расчетного мониторинга и прогнозирования качества воздуха, что особенно актуально в крупных городах с развитой мультимодальной транспортной инфраструктурой и высокой транспортной нагрузкой. The presented research focuses on developing the foundations for ensuring the environmentally sustainable development of transport systems of port cities based on innovative high-tech information and communication technologies, using the example of developing a calculation method for monitoring and predicting the negative impact of emissions from vehicles, sea and river vessels on the quality of the air environment. The paper presents the information technology for decision support based on a modified multi-domain infocommunications model and hierarchical model, which allows to describe the interaction of physical, informational (cybernetic) and cognitive levels in the field of environmental monitoring and forecasting the impact of automobile and water transport through a set of unified terms. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the development of a calculation model for monitoring and predicting atmospheric air pollution in areas of simultaneous impact of road and water transport in large port cities such as St. Petersburg, Vladivostok and Sevastopol. The model features hierarchical approach: individual vehicles and vessels, corresponding areal (e.g. ships in the port) and linear (transport flows) emission sources in a local urban area (a city block or a city district) or in the city as a whole. Such a model can be integrated as an environmental block into the city intelligent transport system for the monitoring and forecasting of air quality, this is especially important in large cities with a developed multimodal transport infrastructure and high traffic.

The development of transport infrastructure of the Rostov-on-Don Oblast: The current state and priorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1713-1736
Author(s):  
Ol’ga Yu. PATRAKEEVA ◽  
Olesya S. SAVEL’EVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The paper considers the current state and priorities of the transport infrastructure development of the Rostov-on-Don region with an emphasis on the effects of national and regional projects implementation. Objectives. The study overviews the statistical analysis of the current state of transport infrastructure in the Rostov-on-Don region, identifying key problems, determining the prospects and risks of implementing infrastructure transport projects. Methods. The methods of statistical and economic analysis are used. The available statistical indicators of the transport sector for 2000–2019 are analyzed. Results. The impact of infrastructure investment on economic growth is higher in regions with better-designed regional policies. At the same time, this conclusion only highlights the complexity of the channels through which infrastructure affects economic performance, as well as the problems that this complexity creates for empirical research. Studies on the relationship between infrastructure and economic growth have not produced definitive results. There is a positive correlation between the availability of regional transport infrastructure and availability of developed transport systems and economic indicators, for example, GRP. However, this correlation may reflect historical agglomeration processes, etc., rather than the current causal relationships. Conclusions and Relevance. The complex of infrastructural restrictions of the transport infrastructure of the Rostov region is the congestion of highways, the exhaustion of load-bearing road capacity and, as a result, the reduction of the transport permeability of the entire agglomeration. These problems put the implementation of projects to improve the transport and operational condition of the existing network of public roads, bringing the technical parameters and the level of engineering equipment of roads in line with the achieved traffic intensity levels among the priority tasks. The main tool for achieving the strategic goal is the Safe and High-Quality Roads national project. The implementation of the Rostov-on-Don Transport Ring project will also have a positive impact on the economic security of the region's road transport infrastructure.

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