scholarly journals The role of local retinoids in eliminating signs of skin aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Vera I. Albanova
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Many

Skin aging is a complex process involving both internal (chronological aging) and external (biological aging) factors. Slowing down the proliferative and immune processes in the epidermis, reducing the activity of fibroblasts and vascularization of the dermis during chronological aging lead to thinning, dryness, hypersensitivity, vulnerability and superficial wrinkles. Exposure to ultraviolet rays, pollutants, climate, and thermal factors cause keratinocyte disorganization, enhanced melanogenesis, collagen dystrophy, solar elastosis, and disorder of microcirculation. The main signs of external skin aging are deep wrinkles, sagging, pigmentation, telangiectasia, skin neoplasms. Among the local anti-aging agents, retinoids occupy a leading place, as they eliminate the main signs of skin aging. Of the entire group of retinoids, retinoic acids are the most active. However, the possibility of skin irritation limits their use. Therapeutic and cosmetic products with retinol esters (retinol palmitate) have a minimal irritating effect and can be used both for the prevention of skin aging and the elimination of its signs. Oral use of isotretinoin as an anti-aging agent is undesirable due to the many side effects and contraindications.

scholarly journals Anogenital localization of localized scleroderma in older women: complexity of diagnosis and clinical features

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (26) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
E. S. Snarskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Semenchak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Anogenital Region ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Health Organization

According to the criteria of the world health organization, the geriatric population is people who have reached the age of 60 years. Biological aging is accompanied by a progressive decrease in the functional and reserve capabilities of all structural elements of the skin, is a complex process and the result of the influence of both non-modifiable (chronological aging, ethnicity and natural anatomical changes) and modifiable factors (hypoestrogenation, exposure to ultraviolet rays, stress, etc.) Dermatoses occurring with the defeat of the anogenital region in the geriatric group of patients are a big problem not only for diagnosis and treatment, but also significantly worsen the quality of life of patients. Extensive lesions of the anogenital zone are one of the characteristic clinical signs of limited scleroderma, in particular one of its clinical variants — scleroatrophic lichen. (Lichen sclerosis and atroficus). Scleroatrophic lichen (SL) is a chronic autoimmune dermatosis, occurring with a predominant lesion of anogenital tissues, in 85–93 % of cases in women and men.

scholarly journals Bone Formation: Biological Aspects and Modelling Problems

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Herrero ◽  
José M. López
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Many ◽  
Modelling Problems

In this work we succintly review the main features of bone formation in vertebrates. Out of the many aspects of this exceedingly complex process, some particular stages are selected for which mathematical modelling appears as both feasible and desirable. In this way, a number of open questions are formulated whose study seems to require interaction among mathematical analysis and biological experimentation.

scholarly journals UVA Exposure Combined with Glycation of the Dermis Are Two Catalysts for Skin Aging and Promotes a Favorable Environment to the Appearance of Elastosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hervé Pageon ◽  
Hélène Zucchi ◽  
Sylvie Ricois ◽  
Philippe Bastien ◽  
Daniel Asselineau
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation End Products ◽  
Uva Irradiation ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Aged Skin

Skin aging is the result of superimposed intrinsic (individual) and extrinsic (e.g., UV exposure or nutrition) aging. Previous works have reported a relationship between UV irradiation and glycation in the aging process, leading, for example, to modified radical species production and the appearance of AGEs (advanced glycosylation end products) in increasing quantities, particularly glycoxidation products like pentosidine. In addition, the colocalization of AGEs and elastosis has also been observed. We first investigated the combination of the glycation reaction and UVA effects on a reconstructed skin model to explain their cumulative biological effect. We found that UVA exposure combined with glycation had the ability to intensify the response for specific markers: for example, MMP1 or MMP3 mRNA, proteases involved in extracellular matrix degradation, or proinflammatory cytokine, IL1α, protein expression. Moreover, the association of glycation and UVA irradiation is believed to promote an environment that favors the onset of an elastotic-like phenomenon: mRNA coding for elastin, elastase, and tropoelastin expression is increased. Secondly, because the damaging effects of UV radiation in vivo might be more detrimental in aged skin than in young skin due to increased accumulation of pentosidine and the exacerbation of alterations related to chronological aging, we studied the biological effect of soluble pentosidine in fibroblasts grown in monolayers. We found that pentosidine induced upregulation of CXCL2, IL8, and MMP12 mRNA expression (inflammatory and elastotic markers, respectively). Tropoelastin protein expression (elastin precursor) was also increased. In conclusion, fibroblasts in monolayers cultured with soluble pentosidine and tridimensional in vitro skin constructs exposed to the combination of AGEs and UVA promote an inflammatory state and an alteration of the dermal compartment in relation to an elastosis-like environment.

scholarly journals Routine Determination of Ice Thickness for Cryo-EM Grids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Rice ◽  
Anchi Cheng ◽  
Alex J. Noble ◽  
Edward T. Eng ◽  
Laura Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
The Many

AbstractRecent advances in instrumentation and automation have made cryo-EM a popular method for producing near-atomic resolution structures of a variety of proteins and complexes. Sample preparation is still a limiting factor in collecting high quality data. Thickness of the vitreous ice in which the particles are embedded is one of the many variables that need to be optimized for collection of the highest quality data. Here we present two methods, using either an energy filter or scattering outside the objective aperture, to measure ice thickness for potentially every image collected. Unlike geometrical or tomographic methods, these can be implemented directly in the single particle collection workflow without interrupting or significantly slowing down data collection. We describe the methods as implemented into the Leginon/Appion data collection workflow, along with some examples from test cases. Routine monitoring of ice thickness should prove helpful for optimizing sample preparation, data collection, and data processing.

scholarly journals Uncoupled biological and chronological aging of neutrophils in cancer promotes tumor progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e003495
Author(s):  
Laura A Mittmann ◽  
Florian Haring ◽  
Johanna B Schaubächer ◽  
Roman Hennel ◽  
Bojan Smiljanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Functional Changes

BackgroundBeyond their fundamental role in homeostasis and host defense, neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) are increasingly recognized to contribute to the pathogenesis of malignant tumors. Recently, aging of mature neutrophils in the systemic circulation has been identified to be critical for these immune cells to properly unfold their homeostatic and anti-infectious functional properties. The role of neutrophil aging in cancer remains largely obscure.MethodsEmploying advanced in vivo microscopy techniques in different animal models of cancer as well as utilizing pulse-labeling and cell transfer approaches, various ex vivo/in vitro assays, and human data, we sought to define the functional relevance of neutrophil aging in cancer.ResultsHere, we show that signals released during early tumor growth accelerate biological aging of circulating neutrophils, hence uncoupling biological from chronological aging of these immune cells. This facilitates the accumulation of highly reactive neutrophils in malignant lesions and endows them with potent protumorigenic functions, thus promoting tumor progression. Counteracting uncoupled biological aging of circulating neutrophils by blocking the chemokine receptor CXCR2 effectively suppressed tumor growth.ConclusionsOur data uncover a self-sustaining mechanism of malignant neoplasms in fostering protumorigenic phenotypic and functional changes in circulating neutrophils. Interference with this aberrant process might therefore provide a novel, already pharmacologically targetable strategy for cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Ujendra Kumar ◽  
Sneha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Food Seeking

Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.

scholarly journals EPIGENETIC PROFILES OF BIOLOGICAL AGING HALLMARKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S424-S424
Author(s):  
Diana L Leung ◽  
Zuyun Liu ◽  
Morgan E Levine
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Progeroid Syndromes ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Weighted Network Analysis

Abstract Investigation into the hallmarks of aging point to the existence of shared mechanisms that underlie the biological aging process. While there is a general consensus that hallmarks of aging rarely occur in isolation, little is known in regards to their overlapping networks or how interactions contribute to manifestations at the clinical level. Here, we examine whether shared epigenetic alterations—one of the proposed hallmark of aging—underlies diverse conditions characterized by other hallmarks, including cellular senescence, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. Using weighted network analysis, we identified consistent overlaps in the methylation profiles across the different traits. For instance, epigenetic modules that were distinct in senescence were also affected in progeroid syndromes (Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Werner’s Syndrome) and smokers. These CpGs tended to be located in CpG islands, which are notable for their strong association with transcriptional regulation. Overall, our results suggest that epigenetic alterations intersect with various hallmarks of aging. In moving forward, incorporation of this understanding may lead to the development of biomarkers that better capture the biological (rather than chronological) aging process.

The Many Faces of Holly Golightly: Truman Capote, Breakfast at Tiffany‘s and Hollywood

Film Studies ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Comedy ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Truman Capote ◽  
The Many

This essay examines some of the literary and biographical models Truman Capote drew on in the creation of Holly Golightly, the heroine of his 1958 novella Breakfast at Tiffany‘s. Making use of Paramount studio records, the essay also explores the complex process of adapting the story to the big screen. Numerous changes were made so as to transform Capotes story into a romantic comedy, and thus to contain Holly‘s liberated sexuality while also erasing any doubts about the male protagonists heterosexuality. Casting Hepburn as the female lead helped to neutralize Holly‘s sexual transgressiveness, and it sexualized the stars ethereal persona.

scholarly journals Tubulin Beta-3 Chain as a New Candidate Protein Biomarker of Human Skin Aging: A Preliminary Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia G. Lehmann ◽  
Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard ◽  
Michel Seve ◽  
Walid Rachidi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Primary Keratinocytes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Candidate Protein ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Human Primary Keratinocytes

Skin aging is a complex process, and a lot of efforts have been made to identify new and specific targets that could help to diagnose, prevent, and treat skin aging. Several studies concerning skin aging have analyzed the changes in gene expression, and very few investigations have been performed at the protein level. Moreover, none of these proteomic studies has used a global quantitative labeled proteomic offgel approach that allows a more accurate description of aging phenotype. We applied such an approach on human primary keratinocytes obtained from sun-nonexposed skin biopsies of young and elderly women. A total of 517 unique proteins were identified, and 58 proteins were significantly differentially expressed with 40 that were downregulated and 18 upregulated with aging. Gene ontology and pathway analysis performed on these 58 putative biomarkers of skin aging evidenced that these dysregulated proteins were mostly involved in metabolism and cellular processes such as cell cycle and signaling pathways. Change of expression of tubulin beta-3 chain was confirmed by western blot on samples originated from several donors. Thus, this study suggested the tubulin beta-3 chain has a promising biomarker in skin aging.

scholarly journals Analysis of the facial skin condition of a mature person before and after CGF Harmony

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Teresa Matthews‑Brzozowska ◽  
Monika Łącka ◽  
Ewa Mojs ◽  
Leszek Kubisz
Keyword(s):  
Skin Condition ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Sustained Improvement ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Cd34 Antigen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
Concentrated Growth Factors ◽  
Mature Person

Facial skin aging has been in the sphere of human interest since the earliest times, but relatively recently, along with the new branch of medicine — aesthetics there have appeared opportunities both for its slowing down and the instrumental study of the process. Recently, the emphasis is on the use of autologous preparations, especially on the basis of the own blood, among which the promising procedure seems to be CGF Harmony (stem cells labeled with CD34+ antigen and concentrated growth factors). The aim of this paper was to assess both subjective and objectified matured facial skin before and after CGF Harmony administrations, based on medical photographic documentation (the Fotomedicus system) and instrumental examination of skin parameters (Cutometer Dual MPA 580). The presented results show high variability and dynamics of obtained values. At the same time, they suggest a sustained improvement in the visual correction of the face oval and flattening of wrinkles, perceived positively by both the patient and her surroundings, and amelioration visible in photographic and instrumental studies in terms of skin elasticity (parameters R2 and R7). From the research and the manufacturer's proposal, it appears that one should suggest treatments in a semi‑annual cycle preceded by facial skin examinations.

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