Discrepancies between Grasses and Alfalfa when Estimating Nutritive Value from In Vitro Cellulose Digestibility by Rumen Microorganisms

Samples of rough fescue, Festuca scabrella Torr., collected at five stages of growth from areas fertilized at various rates with nitrogen and phosphorus, were analyzed for crude protein, phosphorus, and cellulose; digestibility of cellulose was determined in vitro and the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) was calculated. Fertilization increased the percentage protein and phosphorus, the digestibility of cellulose, and the NVI, but decreased the percentage cellulose. In general, the increases or decreases depended upon the amount of fertilizer applied.

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A note on forage evaluation for buffalo by various techniques

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100040976 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 343-346

Author(s):

J. Kishan ◽

U. B. Singh

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Acid Detergent Lignin ◽

Acid Detergent Fibre ◽

Cellulose Digestibility

AbstractThe relative efficiency of voluntary consumption, chemical composition, digestibility in vitro and in vivo, was tested for predicting the nutritive value of five forages: berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum); green oat (Avena sativa); oat hay; cow pea (Vigna spp.) and maize (Zea mays). The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein, acid-detergent lignin and energy were significantly correlated with DM intake. Digestibilities in vitro of DM and cellulose after 12-h incubation were significantly related to digestibilities in vivo of DM and energy. The values for cellulose digestibility in vitro at 24 h were similar to those for digestibility of energy in vivo. Significant correlations were obtained between the crude protein content of forages and the voluntary DM intake and digestibility of nutrients. Increased cellulose and acid-detergent fibre contents were each related with decreased DM intake and digestibility of nutrients.

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Associative Effects between Forages and Concentrates on In Vitro Fermentation of Working Equine Diets

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2212

Author(s):

Mónica Gandarillas ◽

Juan Pablo Keim ◽

Elisa María Gapp

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Animal Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Experiment ◽

Need To Evaluate

Background: Horses are hindgut fermenters, and it is therefore important to determine the postgastric nutritive value of their feedstuffs and diets. Moreover, it has been demonstrated in other animal species that the fermentation of diets results in different values than those expected from pure ingredients. Therefore, the general objective of this work is to evaluate the gas production (GP) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, as well as the associative effects, of mixtures of different forages and concentrated foods, which are representative of the traditional diets of high-performance horses. Methods: An in vitro gas production experiment was conducted to assess the fermentation of two forages and three concentrates that are typical in horse diets. The combination of 70% of forage and 30% concentrates was also assessed to determine potential associative effects. Results: Concentrates and grains produced higher GP and VFA than forages when evaluated alone. When experimental diets were incubated, GP parameters and VFA concentrations of forage–concentrate mixtures had unexpected differences from the values expected from the fermentation of pure ingredients, suggesting the occurrence of associative effects. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is a need to evaluate the fermentation of diets, rather than predicting from the values of pure ingredients.

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Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1441

Author(s):

Youssef Chebli ◽

Samira El Otmani ◽

Mouad Chentouf ◽

Jean-Luc Hornick ◽

Jean-François Cabaraux

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mediterranean Forest ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Large Variability ◽

Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

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The use ofin vitrogas production to evaluate rumen fermentation of leaves of 24 browse species indigenous to semi-arid areas of Zimbabwe

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032729 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 238-240

Author(s):

L. R. Ndlovu ◽

L. Hove

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Biological Assays ◽

Browse Species ◽

Semi Arid

Browse species are important food resources in semi-arid areas, especially during the dry season when the nutritive value of grass is at its lowest. However, browse plants often contain secondary plant compounds which limit their nutritive value. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) (also called condensed tannins) and related flavonoids are a common constituent of woody plants in tropical regions (Mangan, 1988). PAs cause a bitter and astringent taste which lowers food palatability and they also lower the digestibility of proteins and carbohydrates (Jacksonet al., 1996). PAs also interfere with current chemical methods that are used for estimating nutritive value of foods (Reed, 1995). Biological assays, especially ,in vitrotechniques, have a potential to reflect better the nutritive value of foods that contain PAs. Thein vitrogas production technique has been found to reliably predict the nutritive value of temperate forages (Makkaret al., 1996). There has been limited research on its efficacy with tropical forages. The experiment reported here was conducted to test the hypothesis that gas production of tropical browse species reflects their content of fibre, protein and/or PAs.

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Improving ensiling characteristics by adding lactic acid bacteria modifies in vitro digestibility and methane production of forage-sorghum mixture silage

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81505-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chatchai Kaewpila ◽

Pongsatorn Gunun ◽

Piyawit Kesorn ◽

Sayan Subepang ◽

Suwit Thip-uten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Design Factor ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design

AbstractImproving the nutrition of livestock is an important aspect of global food production sustainability. This study verified whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant could promote ensiling characteristics, nutritive value, and in vitro enteric methane (CH4) mitigation of forage sorghum (FS) mixture silage in attacking malnutrition in Zebu beef cattle. The FS at the soft dough stage, Cavalcade hay (CH), and cassava chip (CC) were obtained. The treatments were designed as a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was FS prepared without or with CH, CC, and CH + CC. Factor B was untreated or treated with Lactobacillus casei TH14. The results showed that all FS mixture silages preserved well with lower pH values below 4.0 and higher lactic acid contents above 56.4 g/kg dry matter (DM). Adding LAB boosted the lactic acid content of silages. After 24 h and 48 h of in vitro rumen incubation, the CC-treated silage increased in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) with increased total gas production and CH4 production. The LAB-treated silage increased IVDMD but decreased CH4 production. Thus, the addition of L. casei TH14 inoculant could improve lactic acid fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and CH4 mitigation in the FS mixture silages.

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In Vitro Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Egyptian Citrus Beebread

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2433

Author(s):

Nesren Elsayed ◽

Hatem Sharaf El-Din ◽

Ammar B. Altemimi ◽

Hanaa Y. Ahmed ◽

Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Antitumor Agent ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Sugar ◽

Natural Food ◽

Anticancer Activities

In this study, Egyptian beebread (EBB) was investigated for its nutritive value, chemical composition, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial and antitumor activities. Results indicated that EBB was a good source of protein (23.58 ± 0.183 g/100 g BB), total free sugar (20.266 ± 0.930) and potassium (290.202 ± 2.645 mg/100 g). Additionally, 14 fatty acids were identified in EBB, wherein polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids represented 51.06% ± 0.09% and 9.86% ± 0.01%, respectively. The EBB extract exhibited almost 400% better antiradical activity than BHT, with IC50 of EBB extract being 10.7 µg/mL compared to 39.5 µg/mL for BHT. EBB exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the reference compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, followed by Bacillus subtilis. No inhibitory activity was observed against Aspergillus Niger. Additionally, the highest inhibitory activity was recorded against Caco-2 cells, followed by PC3 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values 262, 314 and 386 μg/mL, respectively. These findings establish the potential of EBB as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor agent, with possible applications as natural food supplements and natural preservatives.

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The potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600026381 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 457-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. J. Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Floral Development ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Leaf Sheath ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Cellulose Digestibility ◽

Wimmera Ryegrass ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

The Relationship ◽

Anatomical Parameters

SUMMARYPotential cellulose digestibility, measured by incubation in vitrofor 6 days, decreased during floral development in perennial ryegrass, Wimmera ryegrass, cocksfoot, oat and tall fescue. The rate of decline was slower than for cellulose digestibility measured after incubation in vitro for 2 days only. Morphological fractions ranked in order of descending potential cellulose digestibility – leaf blade, inflorescence, leaf sheath and stem.Lignin content was determined chemically by the method of Van Soest (1963) and lignified tissue was assessed by staining transverse sections of leaf blades and leaf sheaths with safranin and fast green. Both lignin and lignified tissue increased with maturity. Lignified tissue increased mainly through increase in the number of scleren-chyma cells, but was also affected by the formation of lacunae or cavities between the vascular bundles in leaf blades of cocksfoot and in leaf sheaths of all species studied. For 19 samples of leaf blades and leaf sheaths, potential cellulose digestibility had significant negative correlations with both lignin content (r = -0·862) and lignified tissue (r = -0·905). Limitations to the techniques used to assess lignification and further factors which may affect the relationship between lignification and potential cellulose digestibility are discussed.

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