scholarly journals Organization of Work of Volost Libraries and Village Libraries and Reading Rooms in the Districts of the Oryol Province in the First Years of Soviet Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Merenkova ◽  
Nadezhda E. Belyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Library History ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Library Network ◽  
New Type ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
High Level

The article, based mainly on archival documents, considers the process of organizing the work of libraries in districts of the Orel province in the 1920s. Everywhere in towns and villages of the province, there were opened mass public peoples libraries, were created cultural and educational centres, village libraries and reading rooms, clubs, people’s houses and other cultural and educational institutions of new type. The author notes that during that period a lot of work was done in Oryol province to unite libraries into a single network. The article shows that the main “cell” of library network in the village becomes the volost library. Village libraries and reading rooms created in each locality were “the primary focus of cultural and educational work”.Special attention is paid to the study of forms and methods of library services to the population in the volost libraries and village libraries and reading rooms in the 1920s. The political and educational activities of the volost libraries and village libraries and reading rooms were very diverse in the studied period. Taking into account the high level of illiteracy of the population of Oryol villages, libraries preferred active forms of “living word and work with a book”: loud reading, conversation, agitation staging, drama club, illustrative evening, etc. The author notes that special attention was paid to the organization of work with children in the volost library. It is important to understand that along with the common cultural development of the rural population, active propaganda work was carried out in order to solve the current political problems.The 1920s is a separate period of library history, which is interesting for understanding by the modern Russian library science. The author concludes that this material expands and complements the existing understanding in regional library science of the librarianship of the Oryol province of the post-revolutionary decade, proves its stabilizing nature, which laid the basis for mass library construction in the following decades.

FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE RABBIT MEAT ROLL

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Zhuldyz Isakovna Satayeva ◽  
Nurbibi Sovetovna Mashanova ◽  
Ainur Bolatbekovna Nurtayeva ◽  
Erzhan Talgatuly Akimzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
New Type ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
High Level ◽  
Functional Purpose

The article presents the results of the development of a new type of rabbit meat product - meatloaf. The consumption of healthy and nutritious foods rich in macro- and micronutrients, low in lipids and cholesterol, as well as various nutritional supplements, is preferable for the modern consumer. One of the promising types of meat as a dietary raw material is rabbit meat. As a result of the studies, a physicochemical analysis was carried out, the amino acid composition of rabbit meat was determined, and an organoleptic and tasting assessment of rabbit meatloaf was given. The technological scheme, the recipe is developed and the technological parameters of the meatloaf preparation are determined. It is recommended to store meatloaf no more than 10 days at a temperature of 0–2 °C with a humidity of 85-90 %. Meatloaf from rabbit meat has functional properties, contains a large number of vitamins PP – 174.3 mg, potassium minerals – 5052.8 mg, magnesium – 382.4 mg, phosphorus – 2875 mg, sodium – 8598.7 mg.The results of the nutritional and biological value of rabbit meatloaf allow us to make an informed conclusion about the high level of their nutritional value, which clearly illustrates the values of quality indicators.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Socio-cultural Development of the Yakut Region in the Second Half of XIX – Early XX Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Agrafena Innokentyevna Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
State Educational

Based on archival documents and previously pub-lished materials, an attempt is made to show the role of the pre-revolutionary education system in the socio-cultural development of the Yakut region. Si-beria was a place of exile for a long time and the state was in no hurry to develop education here. But the liberal reforms of 1860–1870 created the prereq-uisites for the development of the education system. The paper shows the formation and development of educational institutions in the region, provides in-formation on the number of schools and the number of students. The role of political exiles in raising the general cultural level of the local population is also revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Yakut region, thanks to the state educational policy on education of foreign suburbs and public initiative, primary and then secondary educational institutions begin to open, which have had a signifi-cant impact on the socio-cultural life of the region.

scholarly journals Forced Migrants from Central Asia in Terms of Archival Documents (1991-2002): A Case Study of the Chelyabinsk Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Avdashkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
High Level

The article draws on the documents from the United State Archive of Chelyabinsk Region and the State Archive of the Russian Federation to examine forced migration from the former Soviet republics to the South Urals in 1991-2002. The choice of chronological framework is due to the fact that this period saw the peak of forced migration caused by the outflow from the military conflicts zones and due to the difficulties of post-socialist transit in the states of Central Asia. The 2002 Population Census allows the author to draw the balance of these processes and to identify the number of the region’s residents who arrived from the former Soviet Union republics between 1989 and 2002. The Chelyabinsk region is a part of the Russian-Kazakh frontier. After the collapse of the USSR and the reformatting of state borders, this borderland was an extended settlement area of the Russian-speaking population, mostly leaning towards moving from Kazakhstan. Due to a sufficiently high level of development, transport accessibility and low start-up opportunities for migrants, these border regions became one of the main places for receiving forced displacements from the Central Asian states, mostly Kazakhstan. In the current historiographical situation, a holistic reconstruction and detailing of these large-scale migrations requires a reliance on new historical sources. Archival documents of regional migration services contain valuable data on the number of forced migrants, their main areas of origin, socio-demographic characteristics, and other important parameters. The documents revealed in the fonds of the OGACHO and the GARF have showed that, at the initial stage, the backbone of migration flows was the Russian-speaking population from neighboring Kazakhstan, able-bodied, with a sufficiently high level of skills. This compensated for demographic losses due catastrophic growth of mortality and decline in birth rate. Thus, according to the migration service of the region, migration compensated for more than half of the total population loss, without any significant impact on its ethnic composition. At the same time, migrants encountered numerous difficulties in integrating into Russian society, which were rarely reflected in the specific documentation of state institutions. Many of the arrived, for various reasons, were not included in the forced migrants and refugees statistics due to numerous bureaucratic difficulties and an objective lack of resources for helping such a large number of people.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP AS CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY OF MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-41
Author(s):  
T. Kychkyruk ◽  
◽  
H. Salata ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Servant Leader ◽  
Business World ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
New Type ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Globalized World

The modern world needs a new type of leader who develops a vision of the future for his / her followers and encourages them to be ready for it. These leaders ensure changes, they are not focused that much on the behavior of their followers / subordinates and on controlling their behavior. On the contrary, they are focused on the development of initiative and support becoming the servants of those they have to lead. The concept of servant l eadership is derived from the ideas of Robert K. Greenleaf. As R. Greenleaf states, it all starts with a natural urge – the desire to serve. The motto of this thought is "A good leader is primarily a servant". The task of the leader is to achieve common goals by ensuring the well-being of followers and subordinates. Servant leadership is an attempt to become better, to become the person others would gladly follow. Such an idealistic vision of a leader as a servant is fruitful and is paid off even in a very competitive business world. A servant leader builds an organized and creative team, and this type of leadership involves the development of organizational culture which demonstrates a high level of trust. Being a servant leader means to help people overcome obstacles and get the tools and resources they need to perform better; to be an example; to facilitate the work of others; to be willing to do what others do. This model of leadership implies a "flattening" of hierarchies: a boss is a friend who listens to those who are with him/her rather than a person who decides what is best for them. This type of leadership has the powerful potential in today’s globalized world. The article aims to analyze the concept of servant leadership. The authors have used an interpretive research paradigm and multidisciplinary analysis.

EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE ABILITIES OF STUDYING UNIVERSITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Seitenova ◽  
◽  
M. M. Knissarina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

This article analyzes the possibilities of educational work in the development of key competencies, in particular managerial skills, students in vocational training at the university. It is urgent and important to develop the managerial skills of the student, since a high level of the required skills will allow the individual to achieve success in life and spatial areas, as well as maintain and strengthen psychological health. Adapted effective forms of spiritual and moral education of university students in the process of developing their managerial skills were cited as an example. The results of the questionnaire determined the hierarchy of understandable and performed functions by university teachers, such as educational, teaching, methodological, research, organizational and managerial. Of the 5 main proposed functions of a university teacher, educational activity was the lowest level, which is the main means of forming students' core competencies.

Augmenting UML to Support the Design and Evolution of User Interfaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Chris Scogings ◽  
Chris Phillips
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Interface Modeling ◽  
Dialogue Structure ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
User Tasks ◽  
High Level

The primary focus in UML has been on support for the design and implementation of the software comprising the underlying system. Very little support is provided for the design or evolution of the user interface. This chapter commences with a brief review of UML and its support for user interface modeling. Lean Cuisine+, a notation capable of modeling both dialogue structure and high-level user tasks, is described. It is shown through a case study that Lean Cuisine+ can be used to augment UML and provide the user interface support that is currently lacking.

Causal Capture: Contextual Effects on the Perception of Collision Events

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Scholl ◽  
Ken Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Contextual Effect ◽  
Stationary Object ◽  
Object A ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
New Type ◽  
Test Event ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Launch Event

In addition to perceiving the colors, shapes, and motions of objects, observers can perceive higher-level properties of visual events. One such property is causation, as when an observer sees one object cause another object to move by colliding with it. We report a striking new type of contextual effect on the perception of such collision events. Consider an object (A) that moves toward a stationary object (B) until they are adjacent, at which point A stops and B starts moving along the same path. Such “launches” are perceived in terms beyond these kinematics: As noted in Michotte's classic studies, observers perceive A as being the cause of B's motion. When A and B fully overlap before B's motion, however, observers often see this test event as a completely noncausal “pass”: One object remains stationary while another passes over it. When a distinct launch event occurs nearby, however, the test event is “captured”: It too is now irresistibly seen as causal. For this causal capture to occur, the context event need be present for only 50 ms surrounding the “impact,” but capture is destroyed by only 200 ms of temporal asynchrony between the two events. We report a study of such cases, and others, that help define the rules that the visual system uses to construct percepts of seemingly high-level properties like causation.

Selecting DFT methods for use in optimizations of enzyme active sites: applications to ONIOM treatments of DNA glycosylases

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Kellie ◽  
Stacey D. Wetmore
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Dna Glycosylases ◽  
Dft Methods ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
High Level

When using a hybrid methodology to treat an enzymatic reaction, many factors contribute to selecting the method for the high-level region, which can be complicated by the presence of dispersion-driven interactions such as π–π stacking. In addition, the proper treatment of the reaction center often requires a large number of heavy atoms to be included in the high-level region, precluding the use of ab initio methods such as MP2 as well as large basis sets, in the optimization step. In the present work, popular DFT methods were tested to identify an appropriate functional for treating the high-level region in ONIOM optimizations of reactions catalyzed by nonmetalloenzymes. Eight different DFT methods (B3LYP, B97-2, MPW1K, MPWB1K, BB1K, B1B95, M06-2X, and ωB97X-D) in combination with four double-ζ quality Pople basis sets were tested for their ability to optimize noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding and π–π) and characterize reactions (proton transfer, SN2 hydrolysis, and unimolecular cleavage). Although the primary focus of this study is accurate structure determination, energetics were also examined at both the optimization level of theory, and with triple-ζ quality basis set and select (M06-2X or ωB97X-D) methods. If dispersion-driven interactions exist within the active site, then MPWB1K/6-31G(d,p) or M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) are recommended for the optimization step with subsequent triple-ζ quality single-point energies. However, since dispersion-corrected functionals (M06-2X and ωB97X-D) generally require diffuse functions to yield appropriate geometries, the possible size of the high-level region is greatly limited with these methods. In contrast, if the model is large enough to recover steric constraints on π–π interactions, then B3LYP with a small basis set performs comparatively well for the optimization step and is significantly less computationally expensive. Interestingly, the functionals that afford the best geometries often do not yield the best energetics, which emphasizes the importance of structural benchmark studies.

scholarly journals Progress in material design for biomedical applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (47) ◽  
pp. 14444-14451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Tibbitt ◽  
Christopher B. Rodell ◽  
Jason A. Burdick ◽  
Kristi S. Anseth
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Material Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Complexity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Controlled Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Soft Biomaterials ◽  
Organ Replacement

Biomaterials that interface with biological systems are used to deliver drugs safely and efficiently; to prevent, detect, and treat disease; to assist the body as it heals; and to engineer functional tissues outside of the body for organ replacement. The field has evolved beyond selecting materials that were originally designed for other applications with a primary focus on properties that enabled restoration of function and mitigation of acute pathology. Biomaterials are now designed rationally with controlled structure and dynamic functionality to integrate with biological complexity and perform tailored, high-level functions in the body. The transition has been from permissive to promoting biomaterials that are no longer bioinert but bioactive. This perspective surveys recent developments in the field of polymeric and soft biomaterials with a specific emphasis on advances in nano- to macroscale control, static to dynamic functionality, and biocomplex materials.

scholarly journals Endangered Mediterranean Mountain Heritage—Case Study of katuns at the Kuči Mountain in Montenegro

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Ivan Laković ◽  
Aleksandra Kapetanović ◽  
Olga Pelcer-Vujačić ◽  
Tatjana Koprivica
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Mountain Landscape ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Of Importance ◽  
Insight Into

The study gives an insight into the domain of seasonal mountain settlements for summer cattle grazing (katuns), characteristic for the mountainous areas in the Mediterranean basin. The area of the Kuči Mountain in Montenegro was chosen for the case study. The area contains numerous characteristics exemplary for the topic—193 katuns with more than 2900 belonging housing and subsidiary objects. The presented results originate from the 3-year-long investigations, where the data obtained from archival documents were combined with those acquired through intensive field work and visits to each and every katun determined and documented within the area. The density of these settlements, as well as their architectural and constructional characteristics, show the high level of importance they had for the local population up until the last third of 20th century. Currently, changed sociodemographic trends rendered their intensive traditional use obsolete, but used building techniques, their internal organization and organic connection to the surrounding mountain landscape, have nominated them for important part of region’s historical heritage.

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