Influence of growth regulators on seed output in melon seed breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Н.В. Кобкова ◽  
Д.С. Шапошников ◽  
Е.А. Галичкина

В статье представлены результаты изучения применения регуляторов роста Циркон и Гумат калия при выращивании дыни на семенные цели. Цель исследования: разработка новых агротехнических приемов выращивания дыни, направленных на увеличение выхода семян с единицы площади, высокого качества и сортовой чистоты. Исследования проводили в 2019–2020 годах на Быковской бахчевой селекционной опытной станции – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства», расположенной в Волгоградской области РФ. Объект исследований – среднеспелый сорт дыни Осень. Опыты закладывали в соответствии с общепринятыми методическими указаниями. Расход препаратов был выбран в соответствии с рекомендациями производителя. Норма рабочего раствора – 300 л/га. Схема посева 2,1×1,0 м. Предшественник – пар. Установлено, что применение регуляторов роста в системе семеноводства дыни – эффективный прием получения качественного семенного материала на светло-каштановых почвах Волгоградского Заволжья. Максимальный выход семян с единицы площади в 2019 году был получен в варианте с применением препарата Циркон для обработки вегетирующих растений – 157,4 кг/га, что на 14,2% больше по сравнению с контролем и на 4,6% больше по сравнению с вариантом обработки растений Гуматом калия. В 2020 году наибольший урожай семян дыни был получен в варианте с применением препарата Циркон для обработки растений, что на 6,5–21,5% больше по сравнению с другими изучаемыми препаратами и способами их применения. Сравнительная оценка массы 1000 семян в 2019 году показала, что самые высокие показатели также были отмечены в варианте с применением препарата Циркон для обработки растений, что на 3,5% больше по сравнению с вариантом обработки растений Гуматом калия и на 18,2% больше по сравнению с контролем. Аналогичные данные по массе 1000 семян были получены и в 2020 году. The article presents the results of studying the use of growth regulators Zircon and Potassium Humate in the cultivation of melon for seed purposes. The purpose of the study: to develop new agrotechnical methods of growing melons aimed at increasing the yield of seeds per unit area, high quality and varietal purity. The research was carried out in 2019–2020 at the Bykovsky melon selective experimental station – the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing», located in the Volgograd Region of the Russian Federation. The object of research is a medium-ripened variety of melon Osen. The experiments were laid in accordance with generally accepted methodological guidelines. The consumption of herbal drugs was selected in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The norm of the working solution is 300 l/ha. The seeding scheme is 2.1×1.0 m. The predecessor is complete fallow. It is established that the use of growth regulators in the melon seed production system is an effective method for obtaining high-quality seed material on light chestnut soils of the Volgograd Volga region. The maximum yield of seeds per unit area in 2019 was obtained in the variant with the use of the drug Zircon for the treatment of vegetative plants – 157.4 kg/ha, which is 14.2% more compared to the control and 4.6% more compared to the variant of plant treatment with Potassium Humate. In 2020, the largest yield of melon seeds was obtained in the variant with the use of the herbal drug Zircon for plant treatment, which is 6.5–21.5% more compared to other studied herbal drugs and methods of their use. A comparative assessment of the mass of 1000 seeds in 2019 showed that the highest rates were also noted in the variant with the use of the drug Zircon for plant treatment, which is 3.5% more compared to the variant of plant treatment with Potassium Humate and 18.2% more compared to the control. Similar data on the weight of 1000 seeds were obtained in 2020.

Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.


Author(s):  
T.G. Koleboshina ◽  
E.A. Varivoda

Приведена оценка эффективности приемов выращивания арбуза столового на семенные цели в условиях Волгоградского Заволжья в 2015 2016 годах. Показано значение использования регуляторов роста и способов обработки почвы на урожайность, рост и развитие растений арбуза столового и выход семян с единицы площади. Определены оптимальные приемы предпосевной обработки почвы и семян при выращивании арбуза столового на семенные цели.Effectiveness of methods of growing watermelon table for seed purposes in the conditions of the Volgograd TransVolga region in 2015 2016 is evaluated. The importance of the use of growth regulators and methods of tillage on the yield, growth and development of watermelon plants and seed yield per unit area is shown. The optimal methods of seedbed and seed preparation for growing watermelon for seed purposes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Roman A. Shchukin ◽  
Oleg E. Bogdanov ◽  
Ilya P. Zavoloka ◽  
Gennady S. Ryazanov ◽  
Nikolay M. Kruglov

This article presents data on the rooting of green cuttings of the studied species of ornamental trees and shrubs in a greenhouse with a misting system. We accounted the number of days from planting to the root formation and the number of rooted cuttings for each replication during our performance. We studied the influence of root formation stimulants on the rooting rate of various types of ornamental deciduous, flowering and coniferous plants. The effect of application of root formation stimulants is confirmed by the formation of a high-quality root system that is superior in length to those that were vegetated without “Kornevin”. However, the use of root formation stimulants is not advisable on shrubby cinquefoil, common privet and common lilac “Mademoiselle Casimir Perier”, because there is practically no increase in the rooting rate of cuttings in these plant species, compared to the control plants.


1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kathju ◽  
K. A. Shankarnarayan ◽  
A. N. Lahiri ◽  
S. P. Vyas

SUMMARYThe effects of nitrogen fertilization and cutting intervals on extractable protein have been studied in three arid zone grasses, viz. Cenchrus setigerus, C. ciliaris and Lasiurus sindicus. Depending on the number of cuts and soil fertility status, maximum protein could be harvested from C. ciliaris followed by C. setigerus and L. sindicus. It is concluded that the maximum yield of leaf protein per unit area of land can be achieved with short intervals of cutting coupled with the application of nitrogenous fertilizer.


1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Reedy ◽  
Graham A. Garcia

AbstractOf the numerous requirements for advanced VLSI silicon microelectronics, power dissipation per unit area, speed, packing density and radiation hardness are especially important. Power dissipation and speed have forced an evolutionary path from PMOS to NMOS to NMOS E/D and to the currently used CMOS. As evidenced by the large number of publications, CMOS on an insulating substrate is receiving increased attention due to its potential as the next generation in MOS evolution. We review results of our previous and current research in silicon on sapphire (SOS) which has led to high quality ultrathin SOS (<100 nm thick) appropriate for high density CMOS circuitry. Basic materials developments, device performance, and CMOS design considerations in 100 nm thick improved SOS will be discussed.


1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Luis E. Gregory ◽  
D. K. Barnes ◽  
R. H. Freyre

T. volgelii leaves that were yellowed naturally by senescence or artificially by foliar applications of growth regulators showed significant increases in percent total rotenoids per unit of dry leaf weight. The growth regulators that most effectively accelerated leaf-yellowing were dicamba, 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-TP, and 2,4-D. MH-30, 2,4,6-T amide, 2,6-DA, and 4-CPA failed to induce leaf-yellowing in T. vogelii. Leaf yellowing was accompanied by losses in dry leaf weight per unit area. This was assumed to be caused by the growth regulators lowering photosynthetic efficiencies and increasing metabolic rates, thereby lowering leaf reserves. It is concluded that leafyellowing per se did not change the absolute quantity of rotenoids per leaf; it only altered the ratio of total rotenoids to the total dry weight in a leaf.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (SI) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
R. Sowmiya ◽  
N. Sakthivel

Plant population is an important attribute in crop management practice. Increasing the plant density by decreasing the crop row spacing was an alternative strategy to optimize crop profit. Hence, the field trial was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the winter season of 2017 – 18 to study the effect of row spacing on the growth and yield of cotton genotype TCH 1819. The experimental design was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven spacing treatments viz., T1: 60 x 15 cm (1,11,111 plants ha-1), T2: 60 x 20 cm (83,333 plants ha-1), T3: 75 x 15 cm (88,888 plants ha-1), T4: 75 x 20 cm (66,666 plants ha-1), T5: 75 x 30 cm (44,444 plants ha-1), T6: 90 x 15 cm (74074 plants ha-1), T7: 90 x 20cm (55,555 plants ha-1) and was replicated thrice.  Plant densities showed a significant (p=0.05) difference for all the characters studied.  The higher plant density of 1,11,111 plants (60 x 15 cm) observed significantly (p=0.05) maximum plant height (103.14 cm), Leaf Area Index (LAI) (4.35), Dry Matter Production (DMP) (8125 kg/ha), Crop Growth Rate (CGR) (6.58 g/m2/day), root length (41.46 cm), root dry weight (14.94 g/plant), and chlorophyll index (48.24).  The number of sympodial branches per plant (17) and bolls per plant (22 bolls) was found significant in the wider spacing of 75 x 30 cm.  The narrow spacing of 60 x 15 cm noted the highest seed cotton yield (2565 kg/ha), net return (R65706.62), and B: C (2.32) ratio, followed by the spacing of 75 x 15 cm due to more plant density per unit area (m2).  So, maximum yield in cotton can be achieved by decreasing the row spacing and increasing the plant population per unit area.


2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pourkhaloee ◽  
Morteza Khosh-Khui

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to study the effects of explant sources, plant growth regulators, carbohydrates and light conditions on indirect cormlet regeneration and the induction of embryogenic callus of freesia (Freesia×hybridaBailey ‘Argenta’). Sections of two different types of explants, corms and pupae (cold storage-produced corms), were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing different concentrations of plant growth regulators. The results showed that the highest percentage of callus induction (100%), the highest callus growth (15 mm diameter) and the best type of calli were achieved for pupa explants grown on the medium that contained 4 mg L−11-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2 mg L−16-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the dark. Increasing BAP up to 3 to 4.5 mg L−1resulted in the maximum number of regenerated cormlets from 1 cm2calli (2 cormlets) under light conditions. Overall, the best rooting of regenerated cormlets was achieved on MS media supplemented with 1 mg L−1indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In the next stage, high quality calli were subcultured on MS media containing sorbitol, sucrose, maltose and mannitol (0, 5, 10 and 15 g L−1). The results indicated that 15 g L−1maltose was able to induce the highest percentage of embryogenic callus, with an average of 88.9% on media containing 2 mg L−1BAP and 1 mg L−1NAA.


Author(s):  
Т. А. Barkovskaya ◽  
О. V. Gladysheva

In the field of the Institute of seed production and agricultural technology, branch of FEDERAL state budgetary scientific institution FNAC VIM on dark-gray forest soil by conventional methods in 2014-2018 comparative evaluation of 40 samples of spring wheat competitive variety trials. On average over five years valuable features stood out the eight that exceeded the standard cultivar Agata by 0.27 to 1.24 t/ha. Maximum yield of formed samples 416-08Н52 and 260-05Н2101, respectively, and of 7.54 and 7.33 t/ha, which exceeded the standard variety of agate of 2.63 and 1.78 t/ha, respectively. The identified group of samples 260-05Н2101, 539-10Н163, 1036-09Н21, 898-09Н125, which had an average excess of 14.9...of 25.4 % over the zoned varieties for the Central region. In our studies, the coefficient of variation of yield on samples was 7.6...30.0 %. The lowest coefficient of variation observed in cultivars: Zlata (Cv of 7.6 %), Agate (Cv 12.9 %), in RIMA (Cv of 13.7 %), the samples 1664-09Н66 (Cv 13.1 percent) 898-09Н125 (Cv of 13.5 %), 918-10Н259 (Cv of 15.5 %). It was found that the determining factor in the formation of high yields in competitive variety testing is the total bushiness (r=+0.83), the number of productive ears per unit area (r=+0.63) and the number of grains in the ear (r=+0.38). Highest number of productive stems per unit area formed lines 185-07Н29, 260-05Н2101, 918-10Н259, 1036-09Н21 – 537 562...PCs/m2. Most ear grain content (32...34 PCs) had samples 918-10Н259, 539-10Н163, 898-09Н125, variety of RIME. A large proportion of samples (75 %) exceeded the standard grade of agate by weight of grain per ear by 4.4...27.2 %. A negative relationship between the yield and the mass fraction of crude gluten in grain r= -0.55 was revealed. The high gluten content in Ternei least its a variation on godammit samples 185-07Н29, 898-09Н125, Zlata, 1036-09Н21.According to the data obtained greatest practical value, are the samples 918-10Н259, 539-10Н163, 898-09Н125.


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