scholarly journals Social regulations and systems in the international agreements and their impact on the Muslim family: CEDAW as a model: اللوائح والأنظمة الاجتماعية في الاتفاقيات الدولية وأثرها على الأسرة المسلمة: اتفاقية سيداو نموذجاً

Author(s):  
Rawan Yahia Alqahs

The study aimed to reveal the most prominent social regulations and systems related to the role of parents in the family in the CEDAW Convention, in addition to clarifying the impact of the application of this agreement on the Muslim family. To achieve this, the descriptive analytical approach was used, and content analysis was used as a tool for analysing the articles and clauses contained in the International Convention, and the study was applied to a sample, namely the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and this convention was chosen because the majority of its provisions relate to the family in addition to the accession of many Arab and Islamic countries. The study has reached a number of conclusions: The Convention does not take into account the religious and cultural specificity of some societies. The Convention also seeks to impose a secular vision on the world by abolishing the shariah provisions relating to the family. They call for the abuse of men over women in the family by changing the roles of women and men in the family and by establishing the principle of power-sharing and responsibility among them. In addition to imposing the Western family model on the world by taking away the guardianship of fathers over children. The government's decision to amend the Law on The Rights of Women and The Rights of Women is a matter of priority. The convention also calls for women's freedom to travel and Muslim countries have given women the right to travel without the guardian's permission, which, if exploited negatively, will affect family construction. The study made some recommendations, the most important of which were: raising families' awareness of family rights and duties in the light of the teachings of Islam through various media. The formation of a committee of various disciplines (political, religious and social) to study the content of international conventions of various dimensions before signing them.

2021 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Kayus Kayowuan Lewoleba ◽  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Satino Satino ◽  
Liva Wadillah

The problem of early marriage or child marriage is not a new problem in Indonesia and for countries in the world. Underage marriage is considered a serious problem because it raises controversy in society, not only in Indonesia but also a global issue. According to the Council of Foreign Relations, Indonesia is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest absolute number of child marriages and the second highest in ASEAN after Cambodia. It is estimated that one in five girls in Indonesia are married before they reach 18 years of age. In 2018 in Indonesia, 1 in 9 girls aged 20-24 were married before the age of 18, commonly known as child marriage. Child age should be a period for physical, emotional and social development before entering adulthood. The practice of child marriage is related to the fact that child marriage violates children's human rights, limiting their choices and opportunities. Every child has the right to survive, grow and develop as well as the right to protection from violence and discrimination as mandated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The selection of the Limo Village area as a partner area is due to the physical condition of the Limo area which is adjacent to UPNVJ, but more than that the selection of this location is because as a real contribution, the campus cares for the problems that occur in the community. The method of activity in this community service is carried out online because it coincides with the implementation of the Covid-19 Emergency PPKM, in the form of counseling on the topic "Prevention and Prevention of Child Marriage for Youth and Youth Organizations". The results of this community service activity, the participants became open to understanding and insight into the impact of early marriage, the role of parents to supervise adolescent children, especially in association so that children avoid promiscuity which results in pregnancy outside marriage. The importance of providing access in the form of convenience for children, especially girls, to gain knowledge about reproductive health and sex education so that children have the ability to take care of themselves. Other factors such as socio-cultural aspects, customs and religion contribute to the widespread practice of child marriage in certain areas.Masalah  perkawinan  usia  dini    atau perkawinan usia anak bukan merupakan masalah yang baru di Indonesia dan bagi negara-negara di dunia. Perkawinan di bawah umur dinilai menjadi masalah  serius  karena  memunculkan  kontroversi  di  masyarakat,  tidak  hanya  di Indonesia namun juga menjadi isu global. Menurut  Council of Foreign  Relations,  Indonesia  merupakan  salah  satu  dari  sepuluh  negara  di  dunia  dengan angka absolut tertinggi perkawinan anak dan  tertinggi kedua di ASEAN setelah Kamboja. Diperkirakan satu dari lima anak perempuan di Indonesia menikah sebelum mereka mencapai 18 tahun.Pada tahun 2018 di Indonesia, 1 dari 9 anak perempuan berusia 20-24 tahun menikah sebelum usia 18 tahun, lazim disebut perkawinan anak. Seharusnya usia anak merupakan masa bagi perkembangan fisik, emosional dan sosial sebelum memasuki masa dewasa. Praktik perkawinan anak berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa perkawinan anak melanggar hak asasi anak, membatasi pilihan serta peluang mereka. Setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang serta berhak atas perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.   Pemilihan wilayah Kelurahan Limo sebagai  wilayah mitra karena kondisi wilayah Limo  yang berdekatan dengan UPNVJ secara fisik, namun lebih dari itu  pemilihan  lokasi ini karena sebagai kontribusi nyata, kepedulian  kampus terhadap masalah-masalah yang terjadi di masyarakat . Adapun metode kegiatan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah   dilakukan secara daring karena bertepatan dengan pemberlakuan  PPKM Darurat Covid-19, berupa penyuluhan dengan topik “Penaggulangan dan Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak Bagi  Remaja dan Karang Taruna “ . Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini para peserta  menjadi terbuka  pemahaman dan wawasannya akan dampak dari pernikahan dini, peran dari orang tua untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap anak-anak remaja terutama dalam pergaulan agar anak-anak terhindar dari pergaulan bebas yang  mengakibatkan trejadinya kehamilan diluar nikah.  Pentingnya memberikan akses berupa kemudahan kepada anak-anak  terutama anak perempuan untuk mendapatkan  pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi dan pendidikan seks  agar anak-anak mempunyai kemmapuan  menjaga diri. Faktor lain seperti  aspek sosial budaya, adat istiadat dan agama  memberi kontribusi terhadap maraknya praktek pernikahan usia anak pada beberapa wilayah tertentu.


2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672110224
Author(s):  
Han Chen ◽  
Yan Jiao ◽  
Xiaoyi Li ◽  
Kun Zhang

The functional value experience of family tourism has often been paid attention both by tourists themselves and the tourism industry, but the individual value experience of parents in family tourism has been neglected. Family tourism shifts the scenario of interpersonal interaction between families from home, the conventional environment, to a non-conventional one. This change in the interactive situation will inevitably bring about changes in interpersonal interaction behavior and individual perception, especially to tourists who take on the role of parents in a nuclear family. This study enriches the examination of the family tourism experience by exploring the interpersonal interaction, existential authenticity travel experiences, and quality of tourist experience perceived by parents in family tourism. The main findings are: 1) In the non-conventional environment of tourism, effective interaction between tourists and their families helps to improve tourists’ emotional experience and satisfaction; 2) Three aspects of existential authenticity are the internal causes of the impact of interpersonal interaction on emotional experience and satisfaction; 3) Differences in parental roles make important discrepancies between men and women’s perception of family tourism experiences. This study provides insights to understanding the family tourism market and brings valuable findings to the area of family tourism marketing and management.


Author(s):  
Ahmad Yanizon

Perkembangan moral pada masa kanak-kanak masih dalam tingkat yang rendah. Hal ini disebabkan karena perkembangan intelektual anak-anak belum mencapai titik di mana ia dapat mempelajari atau menerapkan prinsip-prinsip abstrak tentang benar dan salah. Orang tua merupakan tempat pertama terbentuknya moral anak. Kasih sayang yang diberikan orang tua terhadap anak, membangun sistem interaksi yang bermoral antara anak dengan orang lain. Hubungan dengan orang tua yang hangat, ramah, gembira dan menunjukkan sikap kasih sayang merupakan pupuk bagi perkembangan moral anak. Dengan demikian, maka penting sekali peranan orang tua di keluarga dalam perkembangan moral anak, karena orang tua merupakan pendidik pertama yang diterima anak ketika mereka terlahir kedunia. Adapun peran orang tua dalam pembentukan moral anak dilihat dari pegembangan pandangan moral, perasaan moral dan tingkah laku moral. Ketiga unsur tersebut terbentuk dari interaksi orang tua anak dalam keluarga yang berlangsung dari anak-anak hingga dewasa. Oleh karena itu, sudah seharusnyalah orang tua berperan sebagai teladan yang baik di keluarga untuk menjadi contoh bagi anak-anaknya.Kata Kunci: Moral, Peran Orang Tua Moral development in childhood is still in a low level. It is because of the children’s intellectual development has not already reached the level where he is able to learn or apply the abstract principles about right and wrong things. Parental is the first point of children’s moral formation. Parents’ Affection toward children, build their moral interaction systems. A warm, friendly, happy relationship and affection between parents and children are children’s moral development fertilizer. Thus, parents’ roles toward children’s moral development are very essential, because parents are the first educators for children when they got born into the world. Parents’ roles toward children’s moral formation are viewed from children’s developing moral vision, a sense of morality and moral behavior. These three elements were formed from parents and children’s interaction in a family since childhood to adulthood. Therefore, it is a must for parents to figure well in the family to be as a good example for their children.Keywords: Moral, Parents’ Role  


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Fakhrurrazi M.Yunus ◽  
Zahratul Aini

Abstrak: Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan adanya Pasal yang mengatur tentang perkawinan beda agama, dalam Pasal 35 huruf (a) yang menyatakan bahwa perkawinan yang ditetapkan oleh pengadilan. Namun dalam Undang-Undang tersebut tidak diatur secara jelas, sehingga memberi peluang timbulnya dampak negatif. Namun yang diakui di Indonesia jika pasangan suami istri yang berbeda agama harus memeluk agama yang sama di salah satu pasangan dengan maksud mereka harus pindah agama baik memeluk agama istri maupun suami. Dengan adanya berbagai kemudharatan yang timbul, maka hal itu tidak sesuai dengan hukum Islam. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengetahui dampak perkawinan beda agama yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang administrasi  kependudukan dan tinjuan hukum Islam terhadap perkawinan beda agama dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2006. Dalam penelitian ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Kualitatif. Berdasarkan dari hasil penelitian, dampak dari perkawinan beda agama yaitu dampak terhadap rumah tangga yang tidak harmonis menimbulkan kegelisahan, dan sulitnya berkomunikasi. Dampak terhadap anak yang membuat hubungan antara keluarga yaitu anak dan orang tua menjadi kacau dan tidak utuh karena mengetahui kedua orang tuanya berbeda keyakinan. Dampak terhadap harta warisan yang mengakibatkan anak yang lahir dari perkawinan beda agama tidak mempunyai hak untuk mendapatkan harta warisan apabila tidak seagama dengan pewaris yang dalam hal ini pewaris beragama Islam. Adapun tinjauan hukum Islam menyatakan bahwa perkawinan beda agama itu tidak sah, karena menurut fatwa MUI Nomor:4/MUNASVII/MUI/8/2005 menetapkan bahwa nikah beda agama hukumnya haram yang diperkuat dengan firmannya dalam surat al-mumtahanah ayat 10 dan al-baqarah ayat 221.Abstract: in Law No. 23 of 2006 on the administration of the population of the article governing the marriage of different religions, in article 35 letter (a) stating that the marriage is established by the court. But the law is not regulated, so it allows causing negative impacts. But it is recognized in Indonesia if different couples of religion must embrace the same religion in one partner with the intention they have to move religion both embrace the religion of the wife and husband. With the various blessings that arise, it is not under Islamic law. Therefore, the author wants to know the impact of the marriage of different religions organized in law Number 23 the year 2006 about the administration of population and the Islamic law to the marriage of different religions in the law Number 23 the year 2006. In this study, the research method used was qualitative. Based on the results of the study, the impact of the marriage of different religions is the impact on the unharmonious households raises anxiety, and difficulty communicating. The impact on the child who makes the relationship between the family is the child and the parent becomes chaotic and not intact because knowing both parents are different beliefs. The impact on the inheritance that resulted in children born from the marriage of different religions does not have the right to obtain inheritance if not as religious as the heir, in this case, Muslim heirs. The review of Islamic law states that the marriage of different religions is not valid, because according to fatwa MUI number: 4/MUNASVII/MUI/8/2005 stipulates that the marriage of different religious religion is haram strengthened by his word in Sura al-Mumtahanah verse 10 and al-Baqarah verses 221.


Author(s):  
Robert Walters

Most people across the world automatically assume citizenship at birth or acquire citizenship by descent or naturalisation. Since the growth of the concept of citizenship from the French and American Revolutions, it has become an important principle to the nation state and individual. Citizenship is the right to have rights. However, the right to citizenship is limited. In some cases when territorial rule changes the citizenship laws may exclude individuals resident in the territory. This article compares the development of the first citizenship laws in Australia and Slovenia, and the impact that these new laws had on the residents of both states. The first citizenship laws established by Australia were in 1948. More than forty years later in 1990, when Slovenia finally obtained independence from the former Yugoslavia, the new country was able to establish their own citizenship laws. The result of the Slovenian citizenship laws saw many former Yugoslav citizens who were resident in Slovenia being without citizenship of any state. Subsequently, these people were declared stateless. On the other hand, for Australia, the outcome was relatively smooth with the transition from British subjects to Australian citizenship.


2018 ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
Grishma Soni ◽  
Prachi V. Motiyani

As we all know that food is the basic Human necessity, without which no one can survive. Making food available for all the people in the world is now days becoming a complex issue. The availability food is decreasing as a result of increase in population that will result in food insecurity or malnutrition. Indian constitution interprets the right to food as part of right to life, which is fundamental human right. Change in climate, the impact of globalization, Global Warming, Carbon dioxide emission from fuel etc. also affects the right to food of many people. This paper examines the situation prevailing in India and looks into the obligations and initiatives by the government of India to ensure Right to Food and make suggestions for addressing the issue and examines the possible way to make the scheme workable to achieve food security.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairunisa Chairunisa ◽  
Alfitra Alfitra ◽  
Mara Sutan Rambe

Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah ketidaktepatan penjatuhan pidana oleh Hakim kepada pelaku dalam kasus pencurian dengan pemberatan pada Putusan Nomor 143/Pid.B/2015/PN.Dmk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya pencurian dengan pemberatan dan pertimbangan Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelaku dalam Putusan Nomor 143/Pid.B/2015/PN.Dmk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan dalam putusan Nomor 143/Pid.B/2015/PN.Dmk oleh AD sebagai pelaku turut serta melakukan pencurian dengan pemberatan yaitu disebabkan oleh faktor ekonomi karena ia merupakan tulang punggung keluarga dan harus memenuhi kebutuhan hidup baik untuk dirinya maupun keluarganya. Kemudian, oleh karena semua unsur dalam dakwaan primair telah terpenuhi, Hakim menjatuhkan pidana kepada pelaku dengan dakwaan kesatu yaitu pelaku melanggar Pasal 363 Ayat (1) Ke-3, Ke-4, dan Ke-5 KUHP. Hakim sudah tepat mengambil keputusan yaitu mengadili pelaku dengan tindak pidana pencurian dalam keadaan memberatkan akan tetapi hukuman yang dijatuhkan oleh Hakim sangatlah minim dan lebih rendah dari apa yang dituntut oleh Jaksa Penuntut Umum karena pelaku sebelum melakukan tindak pidana pencurian dengan pemberatan baru saja keluar dari Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Lapas) dengan kasus Penggelapan dalam Putusan Nomor 133/Pid.B/2014/PN.Pti dan sudah pernah dihukum. Maka dari itu, hukuman yang diberikan kepada pelaku tidaklah sebanding dengan apa yang dilakukannya dan sebaiknya Hakim juga mempertimbangkan dampak dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan bagi korban akibat perbuatan pelaku.AbstractThe main problem in this research is the inaccuracy of the sentence handed down by the judge to the perpetrator of the robbery case weighing Decision Number 143/Pid.B/ 2015/PN.Dmk. This study aims to see and analyze the factors underlying the weighted actions and judges' considerations in imposing crimes against the perpetrators of Decision Number 143/Pid.B/2015/PN.Dmk. The results showed that the factors behind the occurrence of criminal acts of theft with weighting in the decision Number 143/Pid.B/2015/PN.Dmk by AD as the perpetrator participated in committing theft with weight, namely due to economic factors because he was the backbone of the family and had to meet the necessities of life both for himself and his family. Then, because all the elements in the primair indictment had been fulfilled, the Judge sentenced the perpetrator to the first charge, namely the perpetrator violating Article 363 Paragraph (1) 3rd, 4th, and 5th of the Criminal Code. The judge has made the right decision, namely trying the perpetrator with a criminal act of theft in burdensome circumstances, but the sentence handed down by the Judge is very minimal and lower than what is demanded by the Public Prosecutor because the perpetrator before committing the crime of theft with weight has just left the Penitentiary (Lapas) with embezzlement cases in Decision Number 133/Pid.B/2014/PN.Pti and have already been convicted. Therefore, the sentence given to the perpetrator is not proportional to what he has done and the judge should also consider the impact and harm caused to the victim as a result of the perpetrator's actions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Lázaro Lorente ◽  
Ana Ancheta Arrabal ◽  
Cristina Pulido-Montes

There is a lack of concluding evidence among epidemiologists and public health specialists about how school closures reduce the spread of COVID-19. Herein, we attend to the generalization of this action throughout the world, specifically in its quest to reduce mortality and avoid infections. Considering the impact on the right to education from a global perspective, this article discusses how COVID-19 has exacerbated inequalities and pre-existing problems in education systems around the world. Therefore, the institutional responses to guaranteeing remote continuity of the teaching–learning process during this educational crisis was compared regionally through international databases. Three categories of analysis were established: infrastructure and equipment, both basic and computer-based, as well as internet access of schools; preparation and means of teachers to develop distance learning; and implemented measures and resources to continue educational processes. The results showed an uneven capacity in terms of response and preparation to face the learning losses derived from school closure, both in low-income regions and within middle- and high-income countries. We concluded that it is essential to articulate inclusive educational policies that support strengthening the government response capacity, especially in low-income countries, to address the sustainability of education.


Author(s):  
Richard M. Titmuss

This chapter explores how there are at least three reasons why industrialization and the family is today an important subject for debate by an international conference of social workers. The first is an obvious one: the opportunities that it offers for discussion and analysis on a comparative basis. The second lies in the fact that the world is increasingly an industrial world and dominated in its values and goals by problems of economic growth. The third reason in supporting the choice of this particular subject for discussion is that social work is primarily an activity carried on in industrial, urban societies. The problems of human needs and relationships with which social work has traditionally been associated have had their origin in those societies experiencing the impact of industrialization.


2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Amir Shoham ◽  
Varda Yaari

A key question in international corporate governance is why certain in ownership types are prevalent in different countries around the world (La Prota et al., 1999). In this study, we provide an answer for the prevalence of the family-owned firms in 42 countries by examining key characteristics of culture. We show that family-ownership is positively correlated with power distance (PD), in-group collectivism (CI) and, insignificantly, with uncertainty avoidance (UA). Our study makes a contribution to the field since previous research used religion and language as umbrella constructs for culture, while we pinpoint specific cultural dimensions


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