scholarly journals Novel Drug Formulation for the Treatment of Hepatic Cancer- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4395-4401
Author(s):  
Komala M ◽  
Sathesh Kumar S ◽  
Padmavathy J
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
The Core ◽  
Regenerative Medicines

For metabolic transformation, uptake, detoxification, and excretion liver is the primary organ that is highly equipped. Thus, the liver requires targeting by means like a carrier-mediated mechanism to take xenobiotics into the bile, though high hepatic concentration is achieved by most of the drugs. Thus resulting in high first-pass metabolism displayed by the drugs and thus resulting in rapid clearance of the drugs. Uptake of particulate materials is highly contributed by the kupffer cells largely. However, drug uptake by the liver is highly dependent on hepatocytes. In drug delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicines which are various biomedical applications construction of nanoscale based bioactive materials is a desirable approach of self-assembly. By using a targeting moiety, we can decrease the side effects of the drug and increases the therapeutic effect of the drug. Lipoproteins are potential drug carrier to target the organs. Lipoproteins consist of cholesterol, polar lipid core surrounding phospholipid monolayer and apoproteins are embedded in it, and these lipoproteins are spherical. The core is a polar lipid in nature so that highly hydrophobic drugs are easily incorporated into the core. Lipoproteins are completely non-immunogenic, biodegradable nature. The present review should be regularly inspected to beat into the global market at an affordable price as well, particularly the vehicles which are proven to be efficacious in drug delivery systems used to treat liver diseases like cancer.

scholarly journals Stereocomplex Polylactide for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2846
Author(s):  
Seung Hyuk Im ◽  
Dam Hyeok Im ◽  
Su Jeong Park ◽  
Justin Jihong Chung ◽  
Youngmee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Weak Stability ◽  
Critical Fields ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Anti Cancer

Polylactide (PLA) is among the most common biodegradable polymers, with applications in various fields, such as renewable and biomedical industries. PLA features poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) enantiomers, which form stereocomplex crystals through racemic blending. PLA emerged as a promising material owing to its sustainable, eco-friendly, and fully biodegradable properties. Nevertheless, PLA still has a low applicability for drug delivery as a carrier and scaffold. Stereocomplex PLA (sc-PLA) exhibits substantially improved mechanical and physical strength compared to the homopolymer, overcoming these limitations. Recently, numerous studies have reported the use of sc-PLA as a drug carrier through encapsulation of various drugs, proteins, and secondary molecules by various processes including micelle formation, self-assembly, emulsion, and inkjet printing. However, concerns such as low loading capacity, weak stability of hydrophilic contents, and non-sustainable release behavior remain. This review focuses on various strategies to overcome the current challenges of sc-PLA in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications in three critical fields, namely anti-cancer therapy, tissue engineering, and anti-microbial activity. Furthermore, the excellent potential of sc-PLA as a next-generation polymeric material is discussed.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE-FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SILICA-COATED MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY

NANO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450042 ◽  
Author(s):  
CONG-WANG ZHANG ◽  
CHANG-CHUN ZENG ◽  
YING XU
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
Core Shell Nanoparticles

Fe 3 O 4– SiO 2 core–shell structure nanoparticles containing magnetic properties were investigated for their potential use in drug delivery. The Fe 3 O 4– SiO 2 core–shell structure nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple and convenient way. The Fe 3 O 4– SiO 2 nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior, indicating a great application potential in separation technologies. From the application point of view, the prepared nanoparticles were found to act as an efficient drug carrier. Specifically, the surface of the core–shell nanoparticles was modified with amino groups by use of silane coupling agent 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). Doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully grafted to the surface of the core–shell nanoparticles after the decoration with the carboxyl acid groups on the surface of amino-modified core–shell structure nanoparticles. Moreover, the nanocomposite showed a good drug delivery performance in the DOX-loading efficiency and drug release experiments, confirming that the materials had a great application potential in drug delivery. It is envisioned that the prepared materials are the ideal agent for application in medical diagnosis and therapy.

Paclitaxel-tyroserleutide Conjugates Self-assembly into Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-891
Author(s):  
Yongjia Liu ◽  
Leilei Shi ◽  
Bangshang Zhu ◽  
Yue Su ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Assembly Method

Background: The drug-drug self-assembly was considered as a simple and efficient approach to prepare high drug loading nano-drug carriers and present new opportunities for cancer therapeutics. The strategy of PTX amphiphiles preparation would be a possible way to solve the poor water solubility of PTX. Methods: The PTX-YSL conjugate were synthesized and characterized. The PTX-YSL nanocarriers was prepared by a simple self-assembly method. In vitro cell studies and pharmacokinetic studies were evaluated for their in vitro anti-tumor activities and blood retention time. Results: The structures of PTX-YSL conjugate were confirmed by LC-MS, 1H NMR and FTIR. The size and morphology of the PTX-YSL self-assembled nanocarriers were observed with TEM and DLS. PTX-YSL nanocarriers could facilitate cellular uptake and had low cytotoxicity. PTX-YSL nanocarriers have longer blood retention for enhancing accumulation in the tumor tissues via EPR effect. Conclusion: This drug delivery system formed by PTX-YSL conjugates constitutes a promising and effective drug carrier in cancer therapy.

Drug Carrier Systems Based on Cyclodextrin Supramolecular Assemblies and Polymers: Present and Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Gonzalez-Gaitano ◽  
Jose Ramon Isasi ◽  
Itziar Velaz ◽  
Arantza Zornoza
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Covalently Linked ◽  
Drug Delivery Devices ◽  
Carrier Systems ◽  
Drug Carrier Systems

The pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins (CDs), cyclic oligosaccharides capable of including hydrophobic molecules inside their cavities, have been known for decades. Besides the solubilising and encapsulating abilities of natural and modified CDs due to the formation of inclusion complexes, there is an increasing interest in organized macrostructures based on CDs as potential drug delivery devices and gene carrier systems. The present review discusses first the case of drug carriers based on monomeric modified CDs (amphiphilic and CD core-star polymers), in which self-assembly plays a major role. Polyrotaxanes, i.e., CDs threaded onto a polymer chain, are then reviewed in relation to their pharmaceutical applications. Finally, covalently linked CDs, either by grafting or crosslinking, are analyzed, including more complex structures formed by assembling CDcontaining networks or chains. We have tried along this review to cover the most recent developments on these structures for drug delivery in a “beyond the cyclodextrin” approach. The review will be helpful, both for readers who want to be introduced into the world of these remarkable structures, or for specialists who are doing research in this field.

scholarly journals Mesoscale Simulations of pH-Responsive Amphiphilic Polymeric Micelles for Oral Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Wu ◽  
Manzhen Duan ◽  
Di Xiong ◽  
Can Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymer ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Ph Responsive

It is of great significance to study the structure property and self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer in order to effectively and efficiently design and prepare drug delivery systems. In this work, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method was used to investigate the structure property and self-assembly ability of pH-responsive amphiphilic block copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)-b-poly(aminoethyl methacrylate) (poly(MMA-co-MAA)-b-PAEMA). The effects of different block ratios (hydrophilic PAEMA segment and pH-sensitive PMAA segment) in copolymer on self-assembly and drug loading capacity including drug distribution were extensively investigated. The increase of hydrophilic PAEMA facilitated the formation of a typical core-shell structure as well as a hydrophobic PMAA segment. Furthermore, the optimal drug-carrier ratio was confirmed by an analysis of the drug distribution during the self-assembly process of block copolymer and model drug Ibuprofen (IBU). In addition, the drug distribution and nanostructure of IBU-loaded polymeric micelles (PMs) self-assembled from precise block copolymer (PMMA-b-PMAA-b-PAEMA) and block copolymer (poly(MMA-co-MAA)-b-PAEMA) with random pH-responsive/hydrophobic structure were evaluated, showing that almost all drug molecules were encapsulated into a core for a random copolymer compared to the analogue. The nanostructures of IBU-loaded PMs at different pH values were evaluated. The results displayed that the nanostructure was stable at pH < pKa and anomalous at pH > pKa which indicated drug release, suggesting that the PMs could be used in oral drug delivery. These findings proved that the amphiphilic block copolymer P(MMA30-co-MAA33)-b-PAEMA38 with random structure and pH-sensitivity might be a potential drug carrier. Moreover, DPD simulation shows potential to study the structure property of PMs self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymer.

scholarly journals Tunable Fluorescence-Responsive Double Hydrophilic Block Polymers Induced by the Formation of Pseudopolyrotaxanes with Cucurbit[7]Uril

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumin Qiu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Shengzhen Hou ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Emission Enhancement ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Cancer Theranostics ◽  
And Control ◽  
New Strategies

There is an urgent need for new strategies that allow the simultaneous detection and control of drug delivery. By making use of supramolecular host-guest interactions, a kind of pseudopolyrotaxanes, as a visualizable nanoscale drug carrier has been constructed by self-assembly of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-quaternized poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (mPEG-b-QP4VP) using 4-(chloromethyl)benzonitrile. Simple addition of CB[7] into an aqueous solution of mPEG-b-QP4VP resulted in noncovalent attachment of CB[7] to 4-cyanobenzyl-containing polymers, transforming the nonemissive mPEG-b-QP4VP micelles into highly fluorescent micelles. These pseudopolyrotaxanes micelles exhibited remarkable supramolecular assembly-induced emission enhancement and excellent biocompatibility, showing great potential for bioimaging applications. In addition, the efficient cellular uptake of the developed pseudopolyrotaxanes micelles loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin was a promising platform for simultaneous cell imaging and drug delivery, thereby widening their application in cancer theranostics.

Site Selective Nucleation and Size Control of Gold Nanoparticle Photothermal Antennae on the Pore Structures of a Virus and Confined Drug Delivery Manuscript

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Benjamin ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Peiyuan Kang ◽  
Blake A. Wilson ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Green Laser ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Simple Diffusion ◽  
Localized Drug Delivery ◽  
Site Selective

<p>Viruses tend to be given a negative connotation due to their nature and the diseases they are known to carry. If you look past their malicious behavior, it is easy to see that nature has provided us a means to solve one of medicine’s most challenging aspects – effective, localized drug delivery. Therapeutics have made a great deal of headway since their first introduction, but sadly we still fall short when it comes to the two aforementioned issues. Virus-like particles such as the Qβ capsid allow us to tackle this issue head on by utilizing the non-infectious versions of a parent virus as a vessel we can load cancer drugs into and further functionalize to suit our intended goals.</p> <p>We seek to use the Qβ capsid, which upon self-assembly in its <i>E.coli</i> host system, encapsulates random tangles of mRNA. This allows us to use intercalating therapeutics such as Doxorubicin, which can be bound reversibly to the RNA inside through simple diffusion of the small molecule through any of the 32 pores on the capsid’s surface. In our lab, it has been demonstrated that the efficacy of Dox loading and that the capsid does not leak Dox over a 24-hour period. Further modification can be made to the drug carrier using the disulfide lined pores of Qβ – the addition of gold salts (HAuCl<sub>4</sub>) and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent allows for the templated growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the capsid surface (Figure A). Molecular modeling performed by the Nielsen group (Figures B-D) indicates that the nanoparticle sits within the pore of the viral capsid such the surrounding proteins fold around the growing sphere to provide stability and confine the particle size. The hexameric pores of Qβ are predicted to cover 23% of the AuNP surface whilst the pentameric more only cover about 9% indicating that these particles may not be as tightly held to the VLP and may be more unstable than their hexameric counterparts. </p> <p>The addition of the AuNPs to the Qβ capsid was intended to give a mechanism of release for our drug delivery system, depicted in Figure E, which utilizes intercalated Doxorubicin (Dox) and improve the localization of this release. It is postulated that a single pulse from a laser centered at 532 nm – a value close to the absorbance λ<sub>max</sub> of our AuNPs – generates localized heating of the AuNPs causing small changes in the protein structure allowing the Dox to be released. This has been corroborated with through the use of circular dichroism to monitor changes in the capsid protein’s secondary structure as can be seen in Figure F by the decrease in the peak depth at 220 nm which indicates distortion of the β-sheets. It is also clear through cell studies with RAW 264.7 cells that laser irradiation releases the Doxorubicin from the capsid and additionally, when the laser beam is confined in size to about 1.3 mm, cells that do not receive stimulation do not release the drug. This can be visualized in Figure G where there is a clear line of demarcation where Dox release can be seen from the cells within the laser path. We even went one step further to demonstrate the selectivity of the system for green laser light. The experiment was repeated using a longer wavelength of light, 1064 nm, which is outside of the absorption of the nanoparticles and it yielded no Dox release under this wavelength.</p>

Pharmaceutical Advances in Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Bioavailability of Poorly-Soluble Drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2894-2905
Author(s):  
Ganesh Raosaheb Godge ◽  
Shivanand Hiremath ◽  
Bhakti Sonawale ◽  
Rani Shirsath
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solubility Enhancers

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are commonly used in drug formulations as solubility enhancers because of their ability to form water-soluble inclusion complexes with poorly water-soluble drugs. Cyclodextrins are useful molecular chelating agents. The cyclodextrins have a wide range of applications in different areas of drug delivery and pharmaceutical industry due to their complexation ability and other versatile characteristics. Orally administered drugs completely absorb only when they show fair solubility in gastric medium and such drugs shows good bioavailability. The solubility and dissolution properties of drugs play an important role in the process of formulation development. The most common pharmaceutical application of cyclodextrin is to enhance the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drug molecules. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides which have recently been recognized as useful pharmaceutical excipients. As a result of molecular complexation phenomena CDs are widely used in many industrial products, technologies and analytical methods. The negligible cytotoxic effects of CDs are an important attribute in applications such as drug carrier, food and flavors, cosmetics, packing, textiles, separation processes, environment protection, fermentation and catalysis. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize some of the findings and applications of cyclodextrin and their derivatives indifferent areas of drug delivery. The paper also highlights important CD application in drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation, design of various novel delivery systems like liposome, microspheres, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. 

Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum Dots and Dendrimers as Potential Nanodevices for Nanotechnology Drug Delivery Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 2113-2124
Author(s):  
Prashant Malik ◽  
Neha Gulati ◽  
Raj Kaur Malik ◽  
Upendra Nagaich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Sustained Drug Delivery ◽  
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology ◽  
Conventional Device

Nanotechnology deal with the particle size in nanometers. Nanotechnology is ranging from extensions of conventional device physics to completely new approaches based upon molecular self assembly, from developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale to direct control of matter on the atomic scale. In nanotechnology mainly three types of nanodevices are described: carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and dendrimers. It is a recent technique used as small size particles to treat many diseases like cancer, gene therapy and used as diagnostics. Nanotechnology used to formulate targeted, controlled and sustained drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology embraces applications of nanoscience to pharmacy as nanomaterials and as devices like drug delivery, diagnostic, imaging and biosensor materials. Pharmaceutical nanotechnology has provided more fine tuned diagnosis and focused treatment of disease at a molecular level.    

Self-assembly of Amphiphilic Tripeptides into Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
Zhaoxu Tu ◽  
Xianghui Xu ◽  
Yeting Jian ◽  
Dan Zhong ◽  
Bin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly
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